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🖨️ ft_printf | 42 School Project

Because standard printf is too mainstream😉

42 School Badge Norminette Score

"Why use standard printf when you can recreate the entire functionality from scratch?" - Every 1337/42 Student Do 😄

🎯 Project Overview

Welcome to my implementation of ft_printf - a custom printf function that replicates the behavior of the standard C library's printf(). This project is all about diving deep into variadic functions, type handling, and the intricate world of formatted output.

🌟 Key Features

  • Full Printf Functionality: Supports multiple format specifiers
  • Robust Error Handling: Carefully managed edge cases
  • Recursive Implementation: Elegant and memory-efficient approach
  • Extensible Design: Easy to understand and modify
  • No Standard Library Shortcuts: Pure C implementation

📋 Supported Format Specifiers

Specifier Description Example
%c Single character ft_printf("%c", 'A')
%s String ft_printf("%s", "Hello")
%d Signed decimal integer ft_printf("%d", 1337)
%i Signed decimal integer ft_printf("%i", -17)
%u Unsigned decimal integer ft_printf("%u", 100)
%x Lowercase hexadecimal ft_printf("%x", 255)
%X Uppercase hexadecimal ft_printf("%X", 255)
%p Pointer address ft_printf("%p", &var)
%% Percent sign ft_printf("%%")

🚀 Getting Started

Prerequisites

  • Variadic Function (Recommended Resources Below)
  • GCC compiler
  • Make

Variadic Function Resources 🌟

Below is a list of resources to help you master this topic, from detailed explanations to practical implementations.

📺 Video Tutorials

1. Variadic Functions by Oceano

  • 🎥 Duration: Approx. 17 minutes
  • 🌊 Overview: Explores the basics of variadic functions, their syntax, and their practical applications. Perfect for beginners who enjoy a straightforward teaching style.

2. Variadic Functions by Code Vault

  • 🎥 Duration: Approx. 13 minutes
  • 🛠️ Overview: A more advanced look at variadic functions, focusing on real-world coding examples and detailed implementation tips.

📚 Written Resources

3. Variadic Functions in C on GeeksforGeeks

  • 🌐 Type: Article
  • 📝 Overview: Covers the theoretical foundation, with code examples illustrating how variadic functions work. Includes topics like stdarg.h and the use of macros for handling arguments.

📌 Interactive Explanation

4. Detailed Variadic Function Explanation on Miro

  • 🖼️ Type: Interactive Board
  • 🧩 Overview: A visual and detailed explanation of variadic functions. Great for those who learn best through diagrams and hands-on exploration.

Installation

  1. Clone the repository:
git clone https://github.com/yomazini/42cursus-ft_printf.git
  1. Navigate to the project directory:
cd 42cursus-ft_printf
  1. Compile the library:
# Compile the library
make

# Clean object files
make clean

# Clean everything
make fclean

# Recompile
make re

# Test
make test

💡 Implementation Details

🔍 Core Components

🧠 Key Concepts Demonstrated

  • Variadic function handling with <stdarg.h>
  • Recursive printing techniques
  • Dynamic type conversion
  • Error management
  • Memory-efficient character-by-character output

🔬 Interesting Challenges

  • Handling integer edge cases (e.g., INT_MIN)
  • Implementing hexadecimal conversion
  • Managing pointer address printing
  • Efficient recursive algorithms
  • Robust error handling

📝 Usage Example

#include "ft_printf.h"

int main(void) {
    int num = 42;
    char *str = "Hello, 42!";
    
    ft_printf("Character: %c\n", 'A');
    ft_printf("String: %s\n", str);
    ft_printf("Decimal: %d\n", num);
    ft_printf("Hex (lowercase): %x\n", num);
    ft_printf("Hex (uppercase): %X\n", num);
    ft_printf("Pointer: %p\n", (void*)&num);
    
    return (0);
}

🧪 Testing

Recommended testing tools:

💻 Compilation

To use in your project:

# with main.c File
make test

🌈 Best Practices Demonstrated

  • Modular design
  • Extensive error checking
  • Memory safety
  • Efficient algorithms
  • Clear, readable code

🏆 Performance Considerations

  • Minimal memory allocation
  • Recursive algorithms with O(log n) complexity
  • No unnecessary buffer usage

📚 What I Learned

  • Advanced C programming techniques
  • Variadic function implementation
  • Deep understanding of type conversion
  • System-level output handling

🤝 Contribution

Feel free to:

  • Open issues
  • Submit pull requests
  • Provide feedback

🎭 Author

Made with ☕️ and ☕️☕️☕️ by Youssef Mazini (ymazini)

"In printf we trust, one character at a time!" 😄