12 selenium 等待.ipynb

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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "# 匯入自動測試工具相關套件"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'''\n",
    "參考網址:\n",
    "[1] Webdriver Manager for Python\n",
    "https://pypi.org/project/webdriver-manager/\n",
    "'''\n",
    "\n",
    "# 匯入套件\n",
    "from selenium import webdriver\n",
    "from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service\n",
    "from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager\n",
    "from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException\n",
    "from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\n",
    "from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\n",
    "from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\n",
    "from time import sleep"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# (Optional) 開啟用於自動控制的瀏覽器 (自動取得 Chrome 的 WebDriver)\n",
    "driver = webdriver.Chrome(\n",
    "    service = Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 強制等待"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'''\n",
    "強制等待\n",
    "'''\n",
    "# 開啟用於自動控制的瀏覽器\n",
    "driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    # 走訪網址\n",
    "    driver.get('https://tw.yahoo.com/')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 強制等待 3 秒\n",
    "    sleep(3)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 印出網址\n",
    "    print(driver.current_url)\n",
    "except:\n",
    "    print(\"程式出錯!\")\n",
    "finally:\n",
    "    # 關閉瀏覽器\n",
    "    driver.quit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 隱性等待"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'''\n",
    "隱性等待\n",
    "'''\n",
    "# 開啟用於自動控制的瀏覽器\n",
    "driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    # 最多等 15 秒\n",
    "    driver.implicitly_wait(15)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 走訪網址\n",
    "    driver.get('https://tw.yahoo.com/')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 取得元素\n",
    "    element = driver.find_element(\n",
    "        By.CSS_SELECTOR, \n",
    "        'a#header-logo'\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 印出超連結 ( 透過 .get_attribute('屬性') 來取得屬性的值 )\n",
    "    print(element.get_attribute('href'))\n",
    "except NoSuchElementException:\n",
    "    print(\"找不到元素!\")\n",
    "finally:\n",
    "    # 關閉瀏覽器\n",
    "    driver.quit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 顯性等待"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'''\n",
    "顯性等待\n",
    "'''\n",
    "# 開啟用於自動控制的瀏覽器\n",
    "driver = webdriver.Chrome()\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    # 走訪網址\n",
    "    driver.get('https://www.youtube.com/?gl=TW')\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 滿足條件（10秒內找到元素），則往下一步\n",
    "    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(\n",
    "        EC.presence_of_element_located( \n",
    "            (By.LINK_TEXT, '首頁') \n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 印出首頁連結\n",
    "    link = driver.find_element(\n",
    "        By.LINK_TEXT, '首頁'\n",
    "    ).get_attribute('href')\n",
    "    print(link)\n",
    "    \n",
    "except TimeoutException:\n",
    "    print('等待逾時！')\n",
    "finally:\n",
    "    # 關閉瀏覽器\n",
    "    driver.quit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 參考連結\n",
    "- [Ubuntu安装运行无头Selenium Chrome](https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1966470)"
   ]
  }
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