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Send Data from ESP32 to Azure IoT Hub

License: MIT

A step-by-step guide to securely transmit sensor data from an ESP32 microcontroller to Microsoft Azure IoT Hub using MQTT.

Project Overview

This project demonstrates how to send telemetry data (e.g., mock temperature, humidity) from an ESP32 to Azure IoT Hub. It includes:

  • Secure communication with Azure IoT Hub (TLS 1.2).
  • JSON-formatted telemetry data.
  • Integration with PlatformIO (VS Code) for streamlined development.

Prerequisites

Hardware

  • ESP32 board (e.g., Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32-C6).
  • USB cable for programming.

Software

Credentials

  • Wi-Fi SSID and password.
  • Azure IoT Hub connection details:
    • Hostname
    • Device ID
    • Primary Key

Setup Instructions

1. Configure Azure IoT Hub

  1. Create an IoT Hub in the Azure Portal.
  2. Register a new device in your IoT Hub and note its Device ID and Primary Key.

2. Clone and Configure the Project

git clone https://github.com/your-repo/esp32-azure-iot.git
  1. Open the project in VS Code with PlatformIO.
  2. Update lib/iot_configs/iot_configs.h with your credentials:
// Wi-Fi  
#define WIFI_SSID "your-ssid"  
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "your-password"  

// Azure IoT Hub  
#define HOSTNAME "your-iot-hub-hostname"  
#define DEVICE_ID "your-device-id"  
#define PRIMARY_KEY "your-primary-key"

3. Upload Code to ESP32

  1. Build the Project
  2. Upload to ESP32
  3. Use monitor output to debug

4. Verify Data in Azure IoT Hub

  1. Navigate to your IoT Hub in the Azure Portal.
  2. Use the Azure CLI to monitor incoming data:
az iot hub monitor-events --hub-name YourHubName --device-id YourDeviceID

Example output:

{"temperature": 25.5, "humidity": 60}

Troubleshooting

🔧 Common Issues & Fixes

  1. Wi-Fi Connection Failed

    • Cause: Incorrect SSID or password.
    • Fix: Update WIFI_SSID and WIFI_PASSWORD in lib/iot_configs/iot_configs.h.

  2. Azure Authentication Error

    • Cause: Invalid IoT Hub credentials.
    • Fix: Verify HOSTNAME, DEVICE_ID, and PRIMARY_KEY in iot_configs.h.

  3. MQTT Protocol Errors

    • Cause: TLS version mismatch.
    • Fix: Ensure Azure IoT Hub uses TLS 1.2 (configured during hub creation).

  4. Serial Monitor Shows No Output

    • Cause: Incorrect baud rate or USB port issues.
    • Fix:
      • Set Serial Monitor baud rate to 115200.
      • Reconnect the ESP32 USB cable.

  5. Data Not Visible in Azure IoT Hub

    • Cause: Device not registered or firewall restrictions.
    • Fix:
      • Re-register the device in Azure IoT Hub.
      • Allow outbound traffic on port 8883 (MQTT over TLS).