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24 changes: 20 additions & 4 deletions peh/3-eth-hack/README.md
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# 3. The Ethical Hacker Methodology

![Phases of Ethical Hacking - InfosecTrain](.gitbook/assets/Phases-of-Ethical-Hacking.png)

**Ethical hacking**, or **penetration testing**, identifies and addresses vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks through a structured process.

The five stages are:

1. **Reconnaissance**: Gathering information about the target using passive techniques like public searches, website browsing and DNS examination to understand the target and find potential entry points.
2. **Scanning**: Actively probing the target to discover open ports, services and vulnerabilities using tools like port scanners, network mappers and vulnerability scanners to identify exploitable weaknesses.
3. **Gaining Access**: Exploiting discovered vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access using methods like password cracking, social engineering and software exploits.
4. **Maintaining Access**: Ensuring continued access by bypassing security, setting up backdoors and establishing persistent access to mimic a real attacker and assess potential impact.
5. **Covering Tracks**: Removing traces of activity by deleting logs, modifying files and restoring the system to its original state to remain undetected and to leave no evidence.

> Ethical hacking must always be **authorized**, legal and conducted with strict adherence to **ethical guidelines**, **confidentiality** and necessary **permissions** from system owners.
>
> **Use these techniques responsibly, ethically and with proper authorization for security testing!**
## Sections

1. Information Gathering
1. Scanning & Enumeration
1. Vulnerability Scanning with Nessus
1. Exploitation Basics
1. [Information Gathering](recon.md)
1. [Scanning & Enumeration](enum.md)
1. [Vulnerability Scanning with Nessus](va.md)
1. [Exploitation Basics](exploit.md)

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# Scanning & Enumeration
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# Exploitation Basics
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# Information Gathering

## Passive reconnaissance

➡️ **Physical** engagement / **Social** engineering

- **Location** information like
- satellite images
- drone recon
- building layout (badge readers, security, fencing, etc)
- **Job** information
- employees (name, job title, phone number, etc)
- pictures (badge photos, desk photos, computer photos, etc)



➡️ Web / Host Assessment

- target validation
- `whois`, `nslookup`, `dnsrecon`
- finding subdomains
- Google, `dig`, `nmap`, `crt.sh`, etc
- fingerprinting
- `nmap`, `wappalyzer`, `netcat`, etc
- data breaches
- HaveIBeenPwned, Breach-Parse, WeLeakInfo



### Target

> ❗ Always refer to a Bug Bounty program to find valid targets that can be legally tested
>
> 🔗 [Bugcrowd](https://bugcrowd.com/engagements)
>
> - 🧪 `e.g.` - [Tesla](https://bugcrowd.com/tesla)
- Read the **program details**, follow the terms and stay in scope
- Following test will be made on the `*.tesla.com` target

---

## Discovering email addresses

- The goal is discovering public email addresses and check if they really exist

➡️ [Hunter.io](https://hunter.io/domain-search) (free registration) - Find email addresses from any company name or website

![Hunter.io](.gitbook/assets/2024-07-02_20-03-06_537.png)

➡️ [Phonebook.cz](https://phonebook.cz/) (free registration) - Phonebook lists all domains, email addresses, or URLs for the given input domain

➡️ [VoilaNorbert](https://www.voilanorbert.com/)

➡️ [Clearbit Connect](https://clearbit.com/resources/tools/connect) (Chrome extension)

➡️ [EmailHippo Email address verifiy](https://tools.emailhippo.com/) - Free email address verification tool

➡️ [Email-checker](https://email-checker.net/)

---

## Breached credentials

➡️ [breach-parse](https://github.com/hmaverickadams/breach-parse) - A tool for parsing breached passwords

- `BreachCompilation` password list (44GB) file comes from breached password dumps

```bash
breach-parse @tesla.com tesla.txt "~/Downloads/BreachCompilation/data"
```

**Credential stuffing** and **Password spraying** can be done using the results.



➡️ [DeHashed.com](https://dehashed.com/) (subscription) - public data search-engine

- Hashed passwords or other data can be found
- Collect all the data (email, username, IP, address, etc) with the goal to find patterns, that could be related to personal accounts too
- Investigation to tie the data to other accounts, etc
- Use tools to try to decrypt the hashed password, like [Hashes.com](https://hashes.com/en/decrypt/hash), Google, etc

![DeHashed.com](.gitbook/assets/2024-07-02_20-30-23_539.png)

---

## Hunting subdomains

Identify subdomains

➡️ [Sublist3r](https://github.com/aboul3la/Sublist3r) (outdated) - enumerate subdomains of websites using OSINT

```bash
sudo apt install sublist3r
```

```bash
sublist3r -d tesla.com

sublist3r -d tesla.com -t 100 -v
```



➡️ [crt.sh](https://crt.sh/) - look for registered certificates and find subdomains or sub-subdomains

![crt.sh](.gitbook/assets/2024-07-02_23-58-39_542.png)

➡️ [amass](https://github.com/owasp-amass/amass) - in-depth attack surface mapping and asset discovery

```bash
sudo apt install amass
```

```bash
amass enum -d tesla.com

amass enum -d syselement.com
```

![amass enum -d tesla.com](.gitbook/assets/2024-07-03_00-09-39_543.png)

![amass enum -d syselement.com](.gitbook/assets/2024-07-03_00-12-42_544.png)

➡️ [httprobe](https://github.com/tomnomnom/httprobe) - take a list of domains and probe for working (alive) http and https servers

---

## Website technologies

➡️ [BuiltWith.com](https://builtwith.com/) - find out what websites are built with
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# Vulnerability Scanning with Nessus
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## The Ethical Hacker Methodology


- [Phases of Ethical Hacking - InfosecTrain](https://www.infosectrain.com/blog/phases-of-ethical-hacking/)
- [Bugcrowd](https://bugcrowd.com/engagements)

### Information Gathering


- [Hunter.io](https://hunter.io/domain-search)
- [Phonebook.cz](https://phonebook.cz/)
- [Clearbit Connect](https://clearbit.com/resources/tools/connect)
- [EmailHippo Email address verifiy](https://tools.emailhippo.com/)
- [Email-checker](https://email-checker.net/)
- [breach-parse](https://github.com/hmaverickadams/breach-parse)
- [DeHashed.com](https://dehashed.com/)
- [Hashes.com](https://hashes.com/en/decrypt/hash)
- [Sublist3r](https://github.com/aboul3la/Sublist3r)
- [crt.sh](https://crt.sh/)
- [amass](https://github.com/owasp-amass/amass)
- [httprobe](https://github.com/tomnomnom/httprobe)
- [BuiltWith.com](https://builtwith.com/)
-

### Scanning & Enumeration

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