From 2bd7cd9c78d269cbd4bbb128ed0f992de3667229 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:15:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] site deploy

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : a70acded2fc4cbae1ada66ffebffe003c0ae6006
Branch  : md-outputs
Author  : GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Time    : 2024-07-09 00:14:57 +0000
Message : markdown source builds

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : 08545990cf5a2054ce80724a1b4008cf75526d0f
Branch  : main
Author  : Sehrish Kanwal <kanwals@unimelb.edu.au>
Time    : 2024-07-04 05:58:26 +0000
Message : Merge pull request #894 from swcarpentry/update/packages

Update 9 packages
---
 01-rstudio-intro.html                    | 12 ++--
 02-project-intro.html                    |  4 +-
 03-seeking-help.html                     |  8 +--
 04-data-structures-part1.html            |  2 +-
 05-data-structures-part2.html            | 10 ++--
 06-data-subsetting.html                  | 18 +++---
 07-control-flow.html                     |  2 +-
 08-plot-ggplot2.html                     | 14 ++---
 09-vectorization.html                    |  2 +-
 10-functions.html                        |  2 +-
 11-writing-data.html                     |  6 +-
 12-dplyr.html                            |  8 +--
 13-tidyr.html                            |  2 +-
 14-knitr-markdown.html                   |  2 +-
 15-wrap-up.html                          |  2 +-
 404.html                                 |  4 +-
 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html                     |  2 +-
 LICENSE.html                             |  2 +-
 aio.html                                 | 68 +++++++++++------------
 discuss.html                             |  2 +-
 images.html                              |  4 +-
 index.html                               |  4 +-
 instructor-notes.html                    |  4 +-
 instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html         | 14 ++---
 instructor/02-project-intro.html         |  4 +-
 instructor/03-seeking-help.html          |  8 +--
 instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html |  2 +-
 instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html | 10 ++--
 instructor/06-data-subsetting.html       | 18 +++---
 instructor/07-control-flow.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html          | 14 ++---
 instructor/09-vectorization.html         |  2 +-
 instructor/10-functions.html             |  2 +-
 instructor/11-writing-data.html          |  6 +-
 instructor/12-dplyr.html                 |  8 +--
 instructor/13-tidyr.html                 |  2 +-
 instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html        |  2 +-
 instructor/15-wrap-up.html               |  2 +-
 instructor/404.html                      |  4 +-
 instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/LICENSE.html                  |  2 +-
 instructor/aio.html                      | 70 ++++++++++++------------
 instructor/discuss.html                  |  2 +-
 instructor/images.html                   |  4 +-
 instructor/index.html                    |  4 +-
 instructor/instructor-notes.html         |  4 +-
 instructor/key-points.html               |  4 +-
 instructor/profiles.html                 |  4 +-
 instructor/reference.html                |  2 +-
 key-points.html                          |  4 +-
 pkgdown.yml                              |  2 +-
 profiles.html                            |  4 +-
 reference.html                           |  2 +-
 53 files changed, 197 insertions(+), 197 deletions(-)

diff --git a/01-rstudio-intro.html b/01-rstudio-intro.html
index b38ff58a7..50b86ed84 100644
--- a/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Solution to challenge 1 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Solution to challenge 2 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 3<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Solution to challenge 3 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 4<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Solution to challenge 4 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 5<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Solution to challenge 5 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/02-project-intro.html b/02-project-intro.html
index 16abdc661..31ea5d32f 100644
--- a/02-project-intro.html
+++ b/02-project-intro.html
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/02-project-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/03-seeking-help.html b/03-seeking-help.html
index 40192e4cf..f8aafee19 100644
--- a/03-seeking-help.html
+++ b/03-seeking-help.html
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/03-seeking-help.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/04-data-structures-part1.html b/04-data-structures-part1.html
index 95ee7865b..520ba3701 100644
--- a/04-data-structures-part1.html
+++ b/04-data-structures-part1.html
@@ -2412,7 +2412,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/04-data-structures-part1.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/05-data-structures-part2.html b/05-data-structures-part2.html
index cfb9d6369..2dbcddfb8 100644
--- a/05-data-structures-part2.html
+++ b/05-data-structures-part2.html
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul><li>
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/05-data-structures-part2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/06-data-subsetting.html b/06-data-subsetting.html
index 15c8648d0..9ae27e3be 100644
--- a/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
 <code>countries==seAsia</code>. This gives a warning
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li>Extract observations collected for the year 1957</li>
@@ -1914,7 +1914,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
 on two dimensions. <code>gapminder[1:20, ]</code> subsets the data to
@@ -2007,7 +2007,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/07-control-flow.html b/07-control-flow.html
index 58a922be7..9cc2c77fb 100644
--- a/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/07-control-flow.html
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/07-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index adfaef898..bdd7ccf81 100644
--- a/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/09-vectorization.html b/09-vectorization.html
index 2b9265f6c..f4e2c4a7b 100644
--- a/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/09-vectorization.html
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/10-functions.html b/10-functions.html
index 8d1491848..3a9f0397a 100644
--- a/10-functions.html
+++ b/10-functions.html
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/11-writing-data.html b/11-writing-data.html
index eff59365d..658977e3a 100644
--- a/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/11-writing-data.html
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/12-dplyr.html b/12-dplyr.html
index 24e96d372..cb4457a4e 100644
--- a/12-dplyr.html
+++ b/12-dplyr.html
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/12-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/13-tidyr.html b/13-tidyr.html
index 3047edeea..e2441ecea 100644
--- a/13-tidyr.html
+++ b/13-tidyr.html
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/13-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/14-knitr-markdown.html b/14-knitr-markdown.html
index a1c27ad2d..4a8b08c63 100644
--- a/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/14-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/15-wrap-up.html b/15-wrap-up.html
index b0119446e..5174bb8c9 100644
--- a/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/15-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 8051a0513..014b8b811 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -464,8 +464,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index 686e1416b..c578ffda6 100644
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/LICENSE.html b/LICENSE.html
index 29ddba85f..c9751b541 100644
--- a/LICENSE.html
+++ b/LICENSE.html
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/aio.html b/aio.html
index 1fc391bc4..824308af2 100644
--- a/aio.html
+++ b/aio.html
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Solution to challenge 1 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Solution to challenge 2 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 3<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Solution to challenge 3 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 4<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Solution to challenge 4 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 5<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Solution to challenge 5 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -2336,7 +2336,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -4682,7 +4682,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -4975,7 +4975,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -5037,7 +5037,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -5090,7 +5090,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul>
@@ -5472,7 +5472,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5669,7 +5669,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5927,7 +5927,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
@@ -6223,7 +6223,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -6372,7 +6372,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6438,7 +6438,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6606,7 +6606,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
@@ -6692,7 +6692,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
 <li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
@@ -7688,7 +7688,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -7730,7 +7730,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -7844,7 +7844,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -7972,7 +7972,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -8017,7 +8017,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -8180,7 +8180,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
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 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -9697,7 +9697,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
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-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
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-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
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@@ -12143,8 +12143,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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diff --git a/discuss.html b/discuss.html
index 6816cbf2f..b0eaeb51b 100644
--- a/discuss.html
+++ b/discuss.html
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
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diff --git a/images.html b/images.html
index f50a246f3..f0930efe9 100644
--- a/images.html
+++ b/images.html
@@ -654,8 +654,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
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diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 8d032c5b1..9e6973d75 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -479,8 +479,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
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-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
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diff --git a/instructor-notes.html b/instructor-notes.html
index aeb2fa21b..c129e4c04 100644
--- a/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor-notes.html
@@ -667,8 +667,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
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   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
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diff --git a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
index 2e0c89fc8..93e4ed901 100644
--- a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
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   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Solution to challenge 1 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Solution to challenge 2 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 3<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
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   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Solution to challenge 3 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 4<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 5<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
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-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
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-<div id="collapseInstructor1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionInstructor1" aria-labelledby="headingInstructor1">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>When installing ggplot2, it may be required for some users to use the
 dependencies flag as a result of lazy loading affecting the install.
@@ -1508,7 +1508,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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diff --git a/instructor/02-project-intro.html b/instructor/02-project-intro.html
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-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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diff --git a/instructor/03-seeking-help.html b/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
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   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
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diff --git a/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html b/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
index b7e910387..fd903cb95 100644
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diff --git a/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html b/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
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-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
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 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
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-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
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   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul><li>
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diff --git a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
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   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
 <code>countries==seAsia</code>. This gives a warning
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
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   </h4>
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-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
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   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
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-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1842,7 +1842,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li>Extract observations collected for the year 1957</li>
@@ -1916,7 +1916,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
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 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
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@@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/07-control-flow.html b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
index ab4a13b26..07831ddb5 100644
--- a/instructor/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 4de6b3828..18d1a0650 100644
--- a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/09-vectorization.html b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
index 825f05619..67493a624 100644
--- a/instructor/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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diff --git a/instructor/10-functions.html b/instructor/10-functions.html
index d9269104b..3c8b1171f 100644
--- a/instructor/10-functions.html
+++ b/instructor/10-functions.html
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/11-writing-data.html b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
index 39735cb61..f8a132c8f 100644
--- a/instructor/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/12-dplyr.html b/instructor/12-dplyr.html
index 3f0e968e9..26ee7b3b1 100644
--- a/instructor/12-dplyr.html
+++ b/instructor/12-dplyr.html
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/12-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/13-tidyr.html b/instructor/13-tidyr.html
index c130bbaed..e02834ea7 100644
--- a/instructor/13-tidyr.html
+++ b/instructor/13-tidyr.html
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/13-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
index 93fb4b38f..aec367326 100644
--- a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
index 76a07b166..04944d26e 100644
--- a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/404.html b/instructor/404.html
index 5e2684177..dea3b3fbf 100644
--- a/instructor/404.html
+++ b/instructor/404.html
@@ -464,8 +464,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index b3c6b8e82..065224b41 100644
--- a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/LICENSE.html b/instructor/LICENSE.html
index c456d382b..e8a064faf 100644
--- a/instructor/LICENSE.html
+++ b/instructor/LICENSE.html
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/aio.html b/instructor/aio.html
index d9eebe63d..69b97144f 100644
--- a/instructor/aio.html
+++ b/instructor/aio.html
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution1">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1"> Solution to challenge 1 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The following can be used as R variables:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb44">
@@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution2">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2"> Solution to challenge 2 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb64">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 3<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution3">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3"> Solution to challenge 3 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>One way of answering this question in R is to use the
 <code>&gt;</code> to set up the following:</p>
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 4<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution4">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4"> Solution to challenge 4 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>rm</code> command to accomplish this task</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb70">
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Challenge 5<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href=
 <button class="accordion-button solution-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseSolution5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSolution5">
   <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5"> Solution to challenge 5 </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can use the <code>install.packages()</code> command to install the
 required packages.</p>
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
 <button class="accordion-button instructor-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#collapseInstructor1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseInstructor1">
   <h3 class="accordion-header" id="headingInstructor1">  <div class="note-square"><i aria-hidden="true" class="callout-icon" data-feather="edit-2"></i></div> Instructor Note </h3>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseInstructor1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionInstructor1" aria-labelledby="headingInstructor1">
+<div id="collapseInstructor1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingInstructor1" data-bs-parent="#accordionInstructor1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>When installing ggplot2, it may be required for some users to use the
 dependencies flag as a result of lazy loading affecting the install.
@@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2221,7 +2221,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -2252,7 +2252,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -4710,7 +4710,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb28">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5003,7 +5003,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To check the last few lines it’s relatively simple as R already has a
 function for this:</p>
@@ -5065,7 +5065,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>source</code> function can be used to use a script within a
 script. Assume you would like to load the same type of file over and
@@ -5118,7 +5118,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The object <code>gapminder</code> is a data frame with columns</p>
 <ul>
@@ -5501,7 +5501,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5698,7 +5698,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5956,7 +5956,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
@@ -6252,7 +6252,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -6401,7 +6401,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6467,7 +6467,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6635,7 +6635,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
@@ -6721,7 +6721,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
 <li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
@@ -7719,7 +7719,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -7761,7 +7761,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -7875,7 +7875,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -8003,7 +8003,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -8048,7 +8048,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -8211,7 +8211,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -9731,7 +9731,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb3">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -9859,7 +9859,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10148,7 +10148,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10285,7 +10285,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10657,7 +10657,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -12181,8 +12181,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/discuss.html b/instructor/discuss.html
index 8047639d7..311d12fdd 100644
--- a/instructor/discuss.html
+++ b/instructor/discuss.html
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/images.html b/instructor/images.html
index f383bec12..7072fa356 100644
--- a/instructor/images.html
+++ b/instructor/images.html
@@ -656,8 +656,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/index.html b/instructor/index.html
index df97f6f10..c918d9208 100644
--- a/instructor/index.html
+++ b/instructor/index.html
@@ -630,8 +630,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" hre
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/instructor-notes.html b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
index 9ea25a057..a7c26e7bf 100644
--- a/instructor/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
@@ -700,8 +700,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/key-points.html b/instructor/key-points.html
index 7b022a1f7..64e29d2ff 100644
--- a/instructor/key-points.html
+++ b/instructor/key-points.html
@@ -633,8 +633,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/profiles.html b/instructor/profiles.html
index 93e54c42d..3e1f415cc 100644
--- a/instructor/profiles.html
+++ b/instructor/profiles.html
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/reference.html b/instructor/reference.html
index f6aadf854..f624f6134 100644
--- a/instructor/reference.html
+++ b/instructor/reference.html
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/key-points.html b/key-points.html
index a9c9ccd4c..c4c06e946 100644
--- a/key-points.html
+++ b/key-points.html
@@ -631,8 +631,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown.yml
index 794ba1f9a..f4c46fbd6 100644
--- a/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ pandoc: 3.1.11
 pkgdown: 2.1.0
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles: {}
-last_built: 2024-07-16T00:15Z
+last_built: 2024-07-23T00:15Z
diff --git a/profiles.html b/profiles.html
index e4d86f525..1af0a4788 100644
--- a/profiles.html
+++ b/profiles.html
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-07-16",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "dateModified": "2024-07-23",
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/reference.html b/reference.html
index 34c587662..2205a8dae 100644
--- a/reference.html
+++ b/reference.html
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-07-04",
-  "datePublished": "2024-07-16"
+  "datePublished": "2024-07-23"
 }
 
   </script><script>