answers.js

const answers = [{"question":"Who is involved in Preparation of Training Course?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is Hospital Management?","answer":"Hospital management decides on questions of fundamental importance for the hospital development (hospital goals, strategic decisions, personnel decisions and decisions about budget , investments, and key treatments)."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Analysis Report Creation?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What updates Budget","answer":"Budget Planning"},{"question":"What is Imaging Modality?","answer":"Tool that generates images.143"},{"question":"What are Modular Architectures?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What updates RACI Matrix","answer":"Task Allocation"},{"question":"What part ","answer":"SAP Enterprise Resource Planning"},{"question":"What uses Appointment","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"Who is Activity?","answer":"An activity interprets data about certain entity types and updates data of certain entity types. Instantiation of an enterprise function. Different from enterprise functions, activities have a definite beginning and end."},{"question":"What is HIS Benchmarking?","answer":"Comparison of HIS quality with other organizations in order to find best practices. Benchmarking in general describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to a given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria such as costs, quality of structures, quality of processes, or quality of outcome. In strategic hospital management, benchmarking is seen as an important approach to assess a hospital\u2019s performance. Benchmarking is often seen part of a continuous quality improvement process, in which organizations measure and then steadily improve their performance."},{"question":"What are Data Warehouse Systems?","answer":"Application component that contains data which have been extracted from other application components, in order to support either hospital management or clinical research."},{"question":"What are Quality of Computer-Based Application Components and Their Integrations?","answer":"Quality characteristics for software and software ergonomics, which can be applied to computer-based application components, are provided by ISO 25000 and ISO 9241. Further quality criteria for software products that are of relevance for health care are adaptability, availability, sustainability, maturity, certification and standardized interfaces.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What updates Deadline List","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What are Access Integrations?","answer":"Access integration is guaranteed when the application components needed for the           completion of a certain task can be used where they are needed."},{"question":"What are Balance of Homegeneity and Heterogeneitys?","answer":"The collection of information processing tools (both on the logical and on the physical tool layer) should be as homogeneous (i.e., comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor) as possible and as heterogeneous as necessary. In general, a homogeneous set of information processing tools makes training and support of users easier and thus leads to reduced costs for the HIS."},{"question":"What supports Creation Of Lonterm ITInvestment","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What increases Corporate Governance","answer":"apply Sarbanes-Oxley Act"},{"question":"What are Foods?","answer":"Must be provided according to different nutritional needs of patients , e.g., normal diet and light diet"},{"question":"What part Progress Document","answer":"Project Handbook"},{"question":"What updates Structural Plan","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What part Nursing Problem","answer":"Nursing Care Plan"},{"question":"What supports Facility Management","answer":"Enterprise Resource Planning System"},{"question":"What updates Order","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures"},{"question":"Who is HIS?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What is responsible for CCOW Standard","answer":"Clinical Context Object Workgroup"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Enterprise Function?","answer":"The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"What uses information management model","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"What part Network Management","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What part Orientation","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What is 1-tier Architecture?","answer":"1-tier architectures are architectures with one centralized physical data processing system (denoted as \u201cT 1 \u201d)."},{"question":"What part Data Transmission Connection","answer":"Technical Metamodel"},{"question":"What is Close-to-Hierarchy Network?","answer":"Hierarchy-like networks still fulfill the definition of health care networks, but decision making in information management is highly centralized and the decisions made are compulsory. Typically, these networks are configured heterogeneous and are dominated by one large institution, such as a hospital."},{"question":"Who is Communication Server?","answer":"A communication server is used for the asynchronous sending, receiving, and buffering of messages. Application component supporting asynchronous communication between application components. Stands at the center of the logical tool layer of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What uses Project Management Method","answer":"Tactical Information Management"},{"question":"What are Quality of Outcomes?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care, that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"What is responsible for Meeting Management","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is Quality of Structures?","answer":"In the context of health care, the concept of quality of structures applies to the human, physical, and financial resources that are needed to provide medical care (e.g., educational level of staff, availability of medical equipment)."},{"question":"What is responsible for Business Strategy","answer":"Chief Executive Officer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Information System Modeling","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What part Discussion","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What supports 3LGM² Enterprise Function","answer":"3LGM² Application Component"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Management?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What uses Project Result","answer":"Tactical HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What are COBITs?","answer":"COBIT is developed by the IT Governance Institute. It provides a common language for executives to communicate goals, objectives and expected results of IT systems and IT projects. COBIT is built on a process model that defines 34 IT-related processes within four domains: plan and organize; acquire and implement; deliver and support; monitor and evaluate. Provides a common language to communicate goals, objectives, and expected results of application components and related projects. COBIT defines 34 IT-related business processes. For each of them, information on how the specific process goals can be measured, what the key activities and major deliverables are, and who is responsible for them is provided."},{"question":"What are Medical Data Dictionarys?","answer":"MDDs are central catalogs of medical concepts and terms that offer the possibility of representing the semantic relationships among all data stored in a HIS, and of linking that local vocabulary to internationally standardized nomenclatures and knowledge sources. MDDs can be independent application components or part of existing application components."},{"question":"What key Data Object Service Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What part Bidding Type","answer":"Tender Arrangement"},{"question":"What is Application?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"Who is Clinical Trial?","answer":"Is a research study testing a new treatment, medication, or medical device on patients. Results obtained in a trial may be used for care and data recorded during care are necessary input for trials"},{"question":"What part Planning","answer":"Management"},{"question":"What is ISO 9241?","answer":"defines specific quality characteristics for software ergonomics"},{"question":"What part UML Association Class","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"What is Cost Unit?","answer":"Is information about a person or an institution responsible for bearing the costs or a part of the costs for the services to be provided"},{"question":"What are Relevancys?","answer":"Degree to which data are of relevance for a given situation. For example, no irrelevant data such as \u201cnumber of grandchildren\u2019s friends\u201d are stored."},{"question":"What is Completeness?","answer":"Describes whether data are sufficiently complete for a given purpose. For example, administrative data on a patient should be complete to allow patient identification."},{"question":"What uses IuKDG","answer":"Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management"},{"question":"What supports Audit Of ITPolicies","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What is Computer-Based Application Component?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What are OAIS3s?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"What are ISO/IEEE 11073 Family of Standardss?","answer":"The ISO/IEEE 23 family of standards defines a communication protocol for the exchange of bio-signals and vital parameters between various point-of-care devices. Furthermore, the standard enables a dynamic exchange and reconfiguration of devices and remote control, for example, of infusion pumps. The protocol can be used to display data from infusion pumps, respirators, ECG, etc. on patient monitors in the intensive care unit, but also for personal health applications. ISO/IEEE 11073 defines a complete communication protocol stack, with various cabled or wireless options on the lower layer, and a binary encoding optimized for near real-time transmission and small embedded devices on the upper layers, thus enabling a true \u201cplug and play\u201d operation."},{"question":"What part Opening a Patient Record","answer":"Archiving of Patient Information"},{"question":"What is Remote Procedure Call?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What is responsible for Requirement","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is Electronic Health Record?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Maintenance Contract Release?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Order?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is DICOM Standard?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"What is responsible for Order","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What part Atomicity","answer":"ACID"},{"question":"What part task bearer","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"Who is Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"Who is Laundry?","answer":"Is scrubs, linen, etc."},{"question":"What uses Network","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What uses HIS Quality","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is Technical Metamodel?","answer":"technical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools usedtechnical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools used"},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Communication Interface","answer":"3LGM² Communication Link"},{"question":"Who is V1 Style?","answer":"We denote a homogenous (sub-)HIS, that is, a (sub-)HIS with software from only one vendor as \u201cV 1.\u201d"},{"question":"What part Study Planning","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What part Bid Comparison","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What is responsible for Administrative Information Management Task","answer":"Taktische Managementebene"},{"question":"What uses measured value","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What part Federated Database Schema","answer":"Federated Database System"},{"question":"What communicates with Radiology Information System","answer":"Picture Archiving and Communication System"},{"question":"What is Integrated Health Care Delivery System?","answer":"One form of a health care network where health care institutions join together to consolidate their roles, resources, and operations in order to deliver a coordinated range of services and to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of patient care."},{"question":"What is Clinical Trial?","answer":"Is a research study testing a new treatment, medication, or medical device on patients. Results obtained in a trial may be used for care and data recorded during care are necessary input for trials"},{"question":"Who is Application Server?","answer":"Server can run the back-end part of application software"},{"question":"What are Information System Metamodels?","answer":"information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution.information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution."},{"question":"Who is Patient Chart System?","answer":"Application component supporting documentation and presentation of vital signs, physician orders, procedure documentation, findings, and other clinical information. Central tool for inter-professional communiation within the health care professional team."},{"question":"What updates Project Manager","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"What part Financial Controlling","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What key Data Object Source Control Component","answer":"Source"},{"question":"What are Reference Models?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"What part Scheduling","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What part information infrastructure component","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"What updates information infrastructure component","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What updates Current State Model","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What is Atomicity?","answer":"Atomicity guarantees that either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are."},{"question":"What are Communication Interfaces?","answer":"Used by application components for communication among themselves. Can either send or receive data about entity types. Part of a communication link."},{"question":"Who uses Project Budget?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What uses Gantt Chart","answer":"Creation of Schedule"},{"question":"What are Heterogeneous Architectures?","answer":"diverse software products from different manufacturers lead to very heterogeneous (DB  n  , AC  n  , V  n  ) architectures. At the physical tool layer, heterogeneity is often the consequence of the evolution of the HIS, comprising different generations of computer systems."},{"question":"What are Quality Reports?","answer":"Is an openly published report about a hospital\u2019s performance"},{"question":"Who is Long Term Archiving?","answer":"After the discharge of the patient , patient records must be archived for a long time (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on the legal regulations). The archive must offer enough space to allow the long-term storage of patient records. Their authenticity and correctness can be proven more easily, for example, in case of legal action, when they are archived in accordance with legal regulations."},{"question":"What increases Success Potential","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"Who is involved in Execution of Project Review?","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What is Availability of Data?","answer":"Availability means that data must be retrievable and readable at any time throughout the archiving period"},{"question":"What is Patient Record System?","answer":"The paper-based patient record system, comprising a paper file and the organizational rules regarding which papers have to be collected where by whom, serves as a collection of all documents that are either available only in paper-based form (such as the patient chart) or that are printed out by computer-based application components to support easier access to relevant data (such as print-out of new findings ). Application component that comprises all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution. Document carriers may be paper-based or electronic media. Nowadays, many documents in the paper-based patinet record are computer printouts, and the portion of documents created in computer-based form will further increase, which supports the trend towards the electronic patient record."},{"question":"Who is Tree?","answer":"Practically speaking, the tree topology hierarchically connects two or more star topology networks by connecting the central physical data processing systems"},{"question":"What are EN12539s?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What part Analysis Report","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What updates Project Budget","answer":"Invoice Verification"},{"question":"What is Organizational Model?","answer":"Model describing the organization of a unit or area. Concepts typically offered are units or roles that stand in a certain organizational relationship to each other."},{"question":"What part Representative of Hospital Department","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What uses Business Process","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What is AC1 Style?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM²-M Communication Standard","answer":"Communication Standard"},{"question":"Who is Master Application Component?","answer":"For every redundantly stored entity type, an application component is determined as the master application component for this entity type. Thus, data about entities of this type can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component. Application component that contains the original data about a given entity type. In case of redundant data storage, other application components may hold copies of these data, but these data can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component; data integrity in the other application components has to be maintained by communicating new copies of the original data to the other application components."},{"question":"Who is Controlled Transcription of Data?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a change of the storage media (media crack), for example, transcribing data from a computer-based media to paper (or other way round). Manual transcription is time-consuming and may lead to copy-errors. Therefore, manual transcription has to be avoided."},{"question":"What are Patient Data Management Systems?","answer":"The patient data management system (PDMS) is specialized to automatically monitor, store, and clearly present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data in intensive care units.It also supports scoring (e.g., TISS,  SAPS  ) and may offer features for decision support and various statistical analyses. Application component in intensive care units to automatically monitor, store, and present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data. In this area, the requirements for the permanent availability of the application components and their data is of highest importance to guarantee patient's safety."},{"question":"What uses Scope Agreement","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What is Application Component?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components."},{"question":"What is Architectural Style of the Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"What is Tactical HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing in tactical management means the execution of such tactical information management projects in hospitals, based on a project plan. Therefore, it includes typical tasks of project management such as resource allocation and coordination, motivation and training of the staff, etc. Monitoring means continually"},{"question":"What part Process Role","answer":"Business Process"},{"question":"What are CT Scanners?","answer":"Examination of in and out patients in radiological department"},{"question":"Who is Qualitative Evaluation Method?","answer":"Qualitative methods deal with qualitative data, that is, with text and any other non-number data. Qualitative data can describe individual situations and contexts in detail"},{"question":"What are Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicines?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"What uses Transfer","answer":"Medical Admission"},{"question":"What is based on Performance Potential","answer":"Success Potential"},{"question":"What are Efficiency of Information Logisticss?","answer":"provide the right information at the right time at the right place to the right people in the right form"},{"question":"What part Preparation and Modeling","answer":"System Analysis"},{"question":"What is responsible for Information Management Task","answer":"Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is involved in Long-Term HIS Planning","answer":"Clinical Department"},{"question":"What is associated with Functional Model","answer":"Information System Metamodel"},{"question":"Who is CCOW?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What are UML Class Diagrams?","answer":"consist of classes, abstract classes and associations between classes."},{"question":"What is associated with information function","answer":"Performance Potential"},{"question":"What part Project Planning Phase","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What are Document Archiving Systems?","answer":"Application component that supports long-term archiving of patient-related and other data and documents based on sustainable standardized data formats, documents formats, and interfaces."},{"question":"Who is Enterprise Function?","answer":"An enterprise function describes what acting human or machines have to do in a certain enterprise to contribute to its mission and goals. Enterprise functions are ongoing and continuous. They describe what is to be done, not how it is done. The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (for short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"Who is Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management?","answer":"In each country, different laws affect health information processing, addressing, for example, organization of health care, financing of health care, and health statistics. Those laws must be taken into account by information management."},{"question":"What updates Checklist for Project Review","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What part Signature of Project Manager","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Server Administration?","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"Who role component Top Management?","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What part Event Modeling Element","answer":"Event-Driven Process Chain"},{"question":"Who is Patient-Centric Strategy?","answer":"In this strategy, the patient is perceived as the primary owner of his data. A patient can set up a record on an internet portal or on other appropriate media. The record is filled by the patient and practitioners or other physicians may support him or her. The patient decides which information should be included and which persons can access the record. This type of patientowned electronic record is also called Personal Health Record (PHR)."},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Team Leading","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is HIS Certification?","answer":"Certification in general means to confirm that an object or organization has certain characteristics. HIS certification in general describes a process where an accredited body confirms that the HIS fulfills certain pre-defined quality characteristics."},{"question":"What part Health Insurance Company","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What are Reliability of Datas?","answer":"Data are reliable when they are verifiable. For example, there is no element of uncertainty with regard to the clinical findings because they are signed by a responsible doctor."},{"question":"What are ISO 9241-110s?","answer":"Part 9241-110 of this standard deals with dialogue principles for user interface design"},{"question":"What part Coding of Diagnoses and Procedures","answer":"Patient Care"},{"question":"What part HIS Certification","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What part guideline","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"What is LIS?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"Who is Ad Hoc Monitoring?","answer":"Ad Hoc Monitoring may be initiated when larger changes of a component are planned, or when sudden larger problems of HIS components have been observed. Ad hoc activities help to analyze a certain situation in detail, in order to better understand reasons and consequences of an observed or expected problem. The execution of those ad hoc activities entails systems evaluation studies which are planned and conducted by tactical information management."},{"question":"What is associated with IT goal","answer":"information management goal"},{"question":"What uses Award Criterion","answer":"Tendering"},{"question":"What is associated with Integration","answer":"Integrated HIS"},{"question":"Who is MPI?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"What is mobile physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, mobile tools like PDA and tablet-PC, which are not restricted to a certain working place, are available."},{"question":"What is responsible for Nursing Admission","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"What are Trees?","answer":"Practically speaking, the tree topology hierarchically connects two or more star topology networks by connecting the central physical data processing systems"},{"question":"What is Strategic HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing as part of strategic information management means to transform the strategic information management plan into action, that is, to systematically manipulate the hospital information system to make it conform to the strategic plan. Strategic directing of HIS is a consequence of planning and monitoring hospital functions, HIS architectures, and information management organizations."},{"question":"What is responsible for Discharge Summary","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"Who is ADT?","answer":"ADT stands for messages related to admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient. Admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient, as part of patient administration."},{"question":"What uses Cost Analysis","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What updates EuroRec EHR Quality Seal","answer":"Certification by EuroRec"},{"question":"What is responsible for strategic information management","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is Medical Admission?","answer":"The responsible physician will carry out the medical admission. This typically comprises the patient history (disease history, systems review, social history, past medical history, family history, medication). Some of this information may be collected from documents of the referring physician and is taken to the hospital by the patient himself or herself."},{"question":"Who is Relevancy?","answer":"Degree to which data are of relevance for a given situation. For example, no irrelevant data such as \u201cnumber of grandchildren\u2019s friends\u201d are stored."},{"question":"Who is associated with project organization?","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What are harmless physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, a computer in the operating room is designed not to harm the patient or the clinical user by electric hazards."},{"question":"What entity Relationship Policy","answer":"Conceptual Service"},{"question":"Who is Facility and Area?","answer":"Lists and describes the facilities of the hospital"},{"question":"What are 3-tier Architectures?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"What are Electronic Health Records?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"Who is Saturation?","answer":"An architecture is saturated if as many enterprise functions as possible are supported by computer-based tools, and if there are no or only a small number of noncomputer- based tools still in use."},{"question":"What are Systems?","answer":"Set of persons, things, events and their relationships that forms an integrated whole. We distinguish between natural systems and artificial (man-made) systems. A system can be divided into subsystems."},{"question":"Who is Contextual Integration?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"What are Fulfillment of Strategic Hospital Goals?","answer":"For the hospital as an enterprise, the hospital information system should typically contribute to high quality patient care, efficient usage of resources, and fulfillment of legal requirements as general goals of all hospitals."},{"question":"What is maintainable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, costs for purchase and support of tools are low."},{"question":"What is Object Class?","answer":"Objects being similar with respect to their attribute categories are summarized as object classes"},{"question":"What is Management?","answer":"management comprises all leadership activities that determine the institution\u2019s goals, structures, and behaviors. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s goals, structures, and activities. Management can stand for an institution or an enterprise function. As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning, monitoring, and directing all activities of subordinate units. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s\ngoals, structures, and behaviors."},{"question":"What uses Internal Procedure Instruction","answer":"Definition of Target Value"},{"question":"What part Corporate Governance of IT","answer":"Corporate Governance"},{"question":"What is involved in Decision and Contract Conclusion","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is associated with role","answer":"Responsible Accountable Consulted and Informed"},{"question":"Who is ISO 9241-110?","answer":"Part 9241-110 of this standard deals with dialogue principles for user interface design"},{"question":"What updates Medical Device","answer":"Management of Medical Devices"},{"question":"What part Project Review Wrap-Up Section","answer":"Checklist for Project Review"},{"question":"What updates Nursing Care Plan","answer":"Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"What part Signature of Contractor","answer":"Project Order"},{"question":"What updates Medical Anamnesis","answer":"Medical Admission"},{"question":"What is Hospital Administration?","answer":"Hospital administration supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Hospital function that supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Subfunctions are patient administration, archiving of patient information, quality management, cost and financial accounting, controlling, facility management, and information management."},{"question":"What part Resource","answer":"Study"},{"question":"What updates Electronic Health Record","answer":"management of electronic health records"},{"question":"What is AppropriatePhysicalDataProcessingSystem?","answer":"For example, the bedside computer does not dominate the physician-patient relationship."},{"question":"What are Patient Links?","answer":"\"Patient Link\" is used for the synchronization of application components with regard to a chosen or identified patient."},{"question":"What part Project Resource Allocation","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What is Effectiveness Study?","answer":"Quantitative  analysis  of  the  effects  of  an  information  system component"},{"question":"Who is RFC?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What updates Fallback Concept","answer":"Definition of Introduction Strategy"},{"question":"What updates Work Package","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What are Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodels?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"What uses Val IT Principle","answer":"Val IT process or key management practice"},{"question":"What is responsible for Disease Management","answer":"Health Insurance Company"},{"question":"What is responsible for Change Request Aquisition","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What uses Analysis Plan","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Execution","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"Who is Knowledge?","answer":"Knowledge is general information about concepts in a certain (scientific or professional) domain (e.g., about diseases or therapeutic methods)."},{"question":"What is Third-Level Support?","answer":"addresses the most severe problems that cannot be solved by the second-level support. It can consist, for example, of specialists from the software vendor"},{"question":"What current Practice Engagement Dataflow Functional Component","answer":"Functional Component"},{"question":"What part Project Organization","answer":"Project"},{"question":"Who is Remote Procedure Call?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What is based on Success Potential","answer":"corporate success"},{"question":"What are Software Ergonomicss?","answer":"Comprises suitability for a task, suitability for learning, suitability for individualization, conformity with user expectations, self-descriptiveness, controllability, and error tolerance of a software product."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Organizational Development?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What uses Workstation","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-M Communication Standard","answer":"3LGM²-M"},{"question":"What uses To-do List","answer":"Task Allocation"},{"question":"What is involved in Change Request Monitoring","answer":"CAB"},{"question":"What is Facility Management?","answer":"Facility management comprises the management of buildings, areas, and utilities of the hospital and also influences KPIs"},{"question":"What part Sponsor","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What is V1 Style?","answer":"We denote a homogenous (sub-)HIS, that is, a (sub-)HIS with software from only one vendor as \u201cV 1.\u201d"},{"question":"Who is Finding?","answer":"Summarizes the results of diagnostic procedures such as lab and x-ray examinations"},{"question":"Who is Radiology Information System?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"What is associated with competitor","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"What uses Qualification Criterion","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What part Chief Executive Officer","answer":"Hospital\u2019s Board of Directors"},{"question":"Who is Master Patient Index?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"What communicates with Data Warehouse System","answer":"ERP System"},{"question":"Who is DB1 Style?","answer":"If a HIS (or its subinformation system) comprises only one database to store all patient-related data, we call this the DB 1 style. This single database is often called the central database."},{"question":"What updates Study Motivation","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Application Component?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components. If the rules are implemented as executable software, the application component is called computer-based application component. Otherwise it is called non-computer-based."},{"question":"What updates Policy","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What part Intrapersonal Information Behavior","answer":"information behavior"},{"question":"What uses Budget","answer":"Budget Planning"},{"question":"What is responsible for Department of Information management","answer":"Director of Information Systems"},{"question":"What is associated with Project Management","answer":"DIN 69901"},{"question":"What is responsible for Annual IT Budget","answer":"Information Technology Director"},{"question":"What is Evaluation?","answer":"Act of measuring or exploring properties of a health information system. The result of an evaluation should give information to support decisions concerning the health information system. Evaluation studies are typically conducted as projects of tactical information management. Evaluation studies support monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is DICOM Standard?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"Who is Model Pattern?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"What part organizational infrastructure","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"What is Star?","answer":"All physical data processing systems are connected via a two-point connection to a central system which handles data transmission"},{"question":"What is Certification?","answer":"Assessment of the compliance with certain predefined quality characteristics. For example, ISO 9001 standard assesses the hospital\u2019s compliance with certain quality management standards, and the Joint Commission assesses the quality of processes related to patient care, hospital management, and information management. CCHIT and EuroRec certify functionality, security, and interoperability of electronic health records."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Availability of Application Components?","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Independent Health Record Bank?","answer":"neutral independent health bank actor"},{"question":"What part Computer-Based Tool","answer":"HIS Architecture"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Bid?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is ISO 25000?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"What part HL7 Version 3 Message","answer":"HL7 Version 3"},{"question":"What updates Workstation","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Diagnosis Class?","answer":"Is an aggregation of diagnoses with similar properties"},{"question":"Who is Reliability?","answer":"Can an application component provide defined services for a defined time under certain conditions? For example, a RIS has no down-times and is tolerant with regard to wrong data entry by a user."},{"question":"What updates Final Protocol of Project Steering Committee","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What is ISO TR 22221?","answer":"There is an ISO standard (ISO TR 22221) on \u201cGood principles and practices for a clinical data warehouse (CDW)\u201d which provides implementation guidance for data warehouses in a HIS."},{"question":"What uses Project Budget","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What updates Architecture","answer":"procedural model"},{"question":"What are DICOM Standards?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"What is Opening a Patient Record?","answer":"Administrative admission triggers the opening of a patient record. The patient record may be electronic or paper-based or a mixture of both. For the filing formats of documents standards have to be established and used."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Documentation?","answer":"Documentation Manager"},{"question":"Who is Information?","answer":"Information is a specific determination about entities such as facts, events, things, persons, processes, ideas, or concepts."},{"question":"What updates Work Schedule","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Defining Project Organization","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What is involved in System Evaluation","answer":"Evaluation Team"},{"question":"What is associated with Software Vendor","answer":"Software Product"},{"question":"What updates Schedule for Elicitation","answer":"Detail Planning"},{"question":"What part Medical Discharge and Medical Report Writing","answer":"Patient Discharge and Transfer to Other Institutions"},{"question":"What uses Third-Party Fund","answer":"Research Management"},{"question":"What is BPflV?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"What is HIS Quality?","answer":"HIS quality is a matter of finding optima in a multidimensional space with myriads of restrictions. Due to this it is hardly possible to provide information managers with a simple checklist to find out whether the HIS is good or not. Several specific approaches and initiatives are dealing with this issues of HIS quality.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"Who updates Project Steering Committee?","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"What uses information management goal","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What key Data Object Service Monitoring Component","answer":"Service Monitor"},{"question":"What supports Health Care Network","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What increases Contextual Integration","answer":"Integration Platform"},{"question":"What is Thin Client?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"What are Architectural Styles?","answer":"Combines architectures of information systems that are equivalent with regard to certain characteristics. On the logical tool layer, these characteristics comprise number of databases (DB 1 versus DB n ), number of application components (AC 1 versus AC n ), number of software products and vendors (V 1 versus V n ), and communication patterns (star versus spaghetti architecture and CP 1 versus CP n , respectively). On the physical tool layer, we can, for example, distinguish the mainframe architecture (1-tier architecture or T 1 ) and the client-server architectural style (2-tier architecture or T 2 , 3-tier architecture or T 3 )."},{"question":"What part Service Desk Management","answer":"Service Operation"},{"question":"What updates Nursing Report","answer":"Nursing Discharge and Nursing Report Writing"},{"question":"What are SOAs?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"What part Information System Plan","answer":"strategic IT plan"},{"question":"What uses Project Order","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What is Delphi Survey?","answer":"Consensus method for the prediction of the future. A panel of experts is  \u2022 surveyed on a given topic in several iterative rounds. The result of each round is presented to each expert in anonymized form; the experts are then invited to modify their judgment in the next round."},{"question":"What chapter Distribution of Computing Power: Mainframes vs. Client-Server","answer":"T2"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-S?","answer":"For architectures in which computer-based application components provide s ervices to be used by other computer-based application components (so-called service-oriented architectures), the concepts of 3LGM²-S are useful for modeling."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Budget?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is Quality of Tactical Information Management?","answer":"quality of tactical information management (e.g., percentage of successfully completed IT projects)"},{"question":"What updates Observation Form","answer":"Preparation of Observation"},{"question":"What is Electronic Health Record?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"What uses Policy","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What part operational structure","answer":"organizational infrastructure"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-M Message Type?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Physical Data Processing System","answer":"3LGM² Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"Who is Patient Record System?","answer":"The paper-based patient record system, comprising a paper file and the organizational rules regarding which papers have to be collected where by whom, serves as a collection of all documents that are either available only in paper-based form (such as the patient chart) or that are printed out by computer-based application components to support easier access to relevant data (such as print-out of new findings ). Application component that comprises all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution. Document carriers may be paper-based or electronic media. Nowadays, many documents in the paper-based patinet record are computer printouts, and the portion of documents created in computer-based form will further increase, which supports the trend towards the electronic patient record."},{"question":"What updates HIS Benchmarking Method","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"What are Non-Computer-Based Application Components?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are not implemented as executable software but as organizational rules."},{"question":"What part Patient Admission","answer":"Patient Care"},{"question":"Who predicate object?","answer":"role"},{"question":"What is associated with benefit","answer":"thrift"},{"question":"Who is Entity Type?","answer":"Is a representation of an object class and of the data describing the objects of this class, if these data are stored or could/should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"What are Human Resources?","answer":"Is a person working in the hospital, i.e., a doctor, nurse, administrative staff member, IT staff member, etc."},{"question":"What updates Bill","answer":"Invoice Verification"},{"question":"What part Internal Quality Management","answer":"Quality Management"},{"question":"What part HIS Stakeholder","answer":"Information Management Board"},{"question":"What is SOA?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"What are Quality of HIS Structuress?","answer":"Availability of technical or human resources needed for information processing. It comprises quality of data, quality of computer-based application components, quality of physical data processing systems, and quality of HIS architectures."},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-M?","answer":"3LGM²-M extends 3LGM²-B by concepts for modeling message- based communication."},{"question":"What part Diet","answer":"Nursing Report"},{"question":"What are Functionalitys?","answer":"Does an application component have the required functionality? For example, a RIS contains functionality required for report writing, it provides correct output when searching for a patient , and it guarantees security of stored data."},{"question":"What is responsible for Placing a Project Order","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What are CPn Styles?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What updates IT deployment","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Execution of a Kick-Off-Meeting?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is SAN?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What is Tactical Information Management?","answer":"One part of information management. Deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects."},{"question":"What is based on Architectural Style","answer":"Architecture of an Information System"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Management of Information Systems?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is based on corporate mission statement","answer":"IT mission statement"},{"question":"What is Standardization of Data?","answer":"Data are uniformly recorded and there are clear rules on what data and how the data are recorded and stored."},{"question":"What are Information Management Costs?","answer":"Costs for information management comprise, e.g., overall costs, costs in relation to number of users or number of workstations."},{"question":"What approves Roll-Out","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What is involved in Controlling","answer":"Leitung der IT-Abteilung"},{"question":"What are Isolations?","answer":"Isolation makes intermediary updates of data inside the transaction invisible"},{"question":"What is associated with Process","answer":"Review"},{"question":"What is CCHIT?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"What is Transparency?","answer":"The details of the HIS architecture are described in an up-to-date documentation (e.g., using 3LGM ² as modeling language)."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Department of Information management?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is Leanness of Information Processing Tools?","answer":"for each process, there should be all the tools necessary but as few as possible. For a given task, from the point of view of the user, there should be as many different information processing tools as necessary, but as few as possible."},{"question":"What uses Cost-Benefit Analysis","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What uses Information System Component","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What uses Legal Requirement","answer":"Financial Accounting"},{"question":"What updates Milestone","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What part User","answer":"UML Use Case Diagram"},{"question":"What part Hospital's Service","answer":"Service Catalog"},{"question":"Who is Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures?","answer":"The planned diagnostic, therapeutic, or nursing procedures (such as operations, radiotherapy, radiological examinations, medication) must be executed."},{"question":"What uses Cost item","answer":"Cost Management"},{"question":"Who is Service?","answer":"A feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components. Services of similar type can be summarized in a service class."},{"question":"What are HIS Managements?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What key Data Object Cost Modeling Component","answer":"IT Cost Model"},{"question":"What part Activity","answer":"Business Process"},{"question":"What part Service Strategy","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What uses Hospital Budget","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What part Physical Data Processing Tool","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What is responsible for Second-Level Support","answer":"Supervisor"},{"question":"What uses Operational Management Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What approves Project","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is Star?","answer":"All physical data processing systems are connected via a two-point connection to a central system which handles data transmission"},{"question":"What are Third-Party Funds?","answer":"Is a fund of external institutions financing certain projects"},{"question":"What part Interim Report Summary","answer":"Interim Report"},{"question":"What uses Market Analysis","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What part Resource Planning","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What is based on Final Report Structure","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What part Quality of Data","answer":"Quality of HIS Structures"},{"question":"What are Clinical Researchs?","answer":"generalization of findings and experiences to gain new knowledge.120"},{"question":"What updates Check List","answer":"Execution of Market Analysis"},{"question":"What approves Corporate Governance of IT","answer":"ITGI"},{"question":"What part Tender Opening","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What uses Patient Record Archive","answer":"Administration and Allocation of Patient Records"},{"question":"What is Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"What uses Corporate Culture","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"Who is Semantic Integration?","answer":"Semantic integration is guaranteed if different application components use the same system of concepts, that is, they interpret data the same way. Condition of an information system where different application components use the same system of concepts, i.e., they interpret data the same way, or where different systems of concepts used by application components are mapped to each other (e.g., using medical data dictionaries)."},{"question":"What part Project Planning","answer":"project controlling"},{"question":"What are Saturations?","answer":"An architecture is saturated if as many enterprise functions as possible are supported by computer-based tools, and if there are no or only a small number of noncomputer- based tools still in use."},{"question":"What is Computer-Supported Information System?","answer":"An information system that comprises computer-based information processing and communication tools is called a computer-based information system."},{"question":"What uses Project Status Report","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"What are EPR, Provider-Centric Electronic Patient Record, Elektronische Patientenakte, EPAs?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"What is Discharge Summary?","answer":"Shortly summarizes diagnoses , treatment, and recommendations which are necessary for the health care institutions providing further treatment"},{"question":"What is Access Integration?","answer":"Access integration is guaranteed when the application components needed for the           completion of a certain task can be used where they are needed."},{"question":"What updates Therapeutic Procedure","answer":"Order Entry"},{"question":"What is Standardization of HIS Architecture?","answer":"percentage of interfaces using standards such as HL7"},{"question":"What are Management Units?","answer":"As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning , monitoring , and directing all activities of subordinate units"},{"question":"What part Project Team Leading","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What is associated with Business Process","answer":"ARIS"},{"question":"Who is Remote Function Call?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What is associated with HL7 Standard","answer":"Clinical Context Object Workgroup"},{"question":"Who is Terminal?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"Who is ISO/OSI Reference Model?","answer":"This reference model provides a framework for describing communication between computers at seven levels. Standards for the respective communication protocols such as TCP/IP are available for each level"},{"question":"What part Contract Duration","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What key Data Object Usage Component","answer":"Usage Record"},{"question":"What is Balance of Functional Leanness and Functional Redundancy?","answer":"Functional leanness describes a situation where one hospital function is supported by one and only one application component; the opposite is functional redundancy (see also Sect. 8.7.4 ), which results in additional costs both for investment and maintenance."},{"question":"What is responsible for Team Management","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What updates Written Agreement on the Study Outline","answer":"First Study Design"},{"question":"What are Classification of Diagnosess?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)"},{"question":"What are mobile physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, mobile tools like PDA and tablet-PC, which are not restricted to a certain working place, are available."},{"question":"What is Drug?","answer":"Is a substance administered to a patient for treatment, diagnosis , or prevention"},{"question":"What part Operational HIS Monitoring","answer":"Operational Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What updates Project Completition Report","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"Who is Information System Model?","answer":"An information system model is a model describing the architecture of the hospital\u2019s information system. Model that comprises several models such as a functional model, technical model, organizational model, data model, and business process model. Beyond this, information system models consider the dependencies of these models. An example of a metamodel for creating information system models is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"Who is Business Process Metamodel?","answer":"business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order;business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order."},{"question":"Who is Functional Coverage of the Application Component?","answer":"functional coverage of the application components (e.g., level of saturation of the overall HIS architecture, see Sect. 8.2.2 , or percentage of documents primarily created in computer-based form)."},{"question":"What is Patient-Centric Strategy?","answer":"In this strategy, the patient is perceived as the primary owner of his data. A patient can set up a record on an internet portal or on other appropriate media. The record is filled by the patient and practitioners or other physicians may support him or her. The patient decides which information should be included and which persons can access the record. This type of patientowned electronic record is also called Personal Health Record (PHR)."},{"question":"Who is Health Care Network?","answer":"A group of two or more legally separated health care institutions that have temporarily and voluntarily joined together to achieve a common purpose.           The information system of a health care network is called a transinstitutional health information system."},{"question":"What part patient identification","answer":"Patient Identification and Checking for Recurrent"},{"question":"What is based on Strategic Goal","answer":"Project Portfolio"},{"question":"What is Chief Financial Officer?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"What is associated with information reception","answer":"Intrapersonal Information Behavior"},{"question":"What are Result Documents?","answer":"Die Ergebnisdokumentation enthält die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Arbeitspakete. Die Art der Dokumente, die hier entstehen, hängt vom Projekt selber ab (z. B. Analyseberichte, Pflichtenhefte, Schulungskonzepte oder Evaluationsberichte)."},{"question":"What is involved in System Handover","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What part Trouble Shooting","answer":"Project Directing"},{"question":"What key Data Object Project Component","answer":"IT Initiative"},{"question":"What updates User Training Schedule","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What are ADTs?","answer":"ADT stands for messages related to admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient. Admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient, as part of patient administration."},{"question":"What is ISO 25000 Software Quality?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"What updates Medical Guideline","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"What uses Therapeutic Procedure","answer":"Execution of Nursing Procedures"},{"question":"Who is 2-tier Architecture?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"What uses KHStatV","answer":"Preparation of Health Statistics"},{"question":"What part Relation","answer":"Entity-Relationship-Model"},{"question":"What updates Customization Report","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What part Goal Setting","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What part Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures"},{"question":"What is associated with basic technology","answer":"key technology"},{"question":"What part Staff","answer":"Organization Chart"},{"question":"What increases Technological Trajectory","answer":"innovation ability"},{"question":"Who is UML Class?","answer":"Classes contain the attributes and methods of a set of similar entities."},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-M Message Type","answer":"3LGM²-M"},{"question":"What is associated with Middleware","answer":"RPC"},{"question":"What supports Administrative Admission","answer":"Patient Administration System"},{"question":"What is associated with The Open Group Architecture Framework","answer":"Architecture"},{"question":"Who is Suitability for the Task?","answer":"Does the user interface support the user in fulfilling her or his tasks effectively and efficiently?"},{"question":"What uses Health Care Regulation","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"What is involved in Information Acquisition","answer":"Department"},{"question":"What homonym Information Management","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What updates Service Contract","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What is based on Communication Protocol","answer":"Communication Network"},{"question":"What part Enterprise Function","answer":"Domain Layer"},{"question":"What is usable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a mobile tool allows easy data entry by a touch screen."},{"question":"What are Semantic Integrations?","answer":"Semantic integration is guaranteed if different application components use the same system of concepts, that is, they interpret data the same way. Condition of an information system where different application components use the same system of concepts, i.e., they interpret data the same way, or where different systems of concepts used by application components are mapped to each other (e.g., using medical data dictionaries)."},{"question":"What part Meeting Management","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What are HL7 Standards?","answer":"Important communication standard in health care supporting the transfer of patient- and case-based messages, excluding image data. HL7 describes the events and structure of messages that are exchanged between application components."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Enterprise Function?","answer":"The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"Who is BPflV?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"Who is involved in Execution of Product Presentation?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is involved in System Introduction?","answer":"System Introduction Team"},{"question":"What increases Presentation Integration","answer":"Integration Platform"},{"question":"What updates IT Evaluation Study","answer":"Permanent Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Delivering of Customer-Centered Services?","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via communication links and store them as data."},{"question":"What is associated with System Introduction","answer":"System Introduction Module"},{"question":"What part Payroll Accounting","answer":"Human Resource Management"},{"question":"Who is Return-on-Investment Study?","answer":"An economic analysis that describes how much an investment on an information system component pays back in a fixed period of time."},{"question":"Who is Transcription?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, transfer of patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or copy of data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a media crack. Transcription usually leads to the duplication of data."},{"question":"What part Use of Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Life Cycle Management of Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What communicates with Medical Documentation System","answer":"LIS"},{"question":"What uses Functional Redundancy Rate","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What uses RACI Diagram","answer":"COBIT Function"},{"question":"What is responsible for Standardization by CEN","answer":"European Committee for Standardization"},{"question":"What is associated with Quality of Outcome","answer":"Quality of Processes"},{"question":"What is responsible for Invoice Verification","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Conceptual Service","answer":"Service Portfolio Component"},{"question":"What uses objective","answer":"rationalization"},{"question":"Who is Hospital Budget?","answer":"Consists of all planned costs and revenues"},{"question":"What are Patient Administrations?","answer":"Patient administration comprises the administrative tasks in a hospital dealing more or less immediately with patients. Hospital function comprising patient admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT), and billing. A patient-related (not only case-related) patient administration can be regarded as the center of the memory of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What are Strategic HIS Plannings?","answer":"The planning activities of strategic information management result in a specific strategic information management plan. This plan includes the direction and strategy of information management and gives directives for the construction and development of the hospital information system by describing its intended architecture."},{"question":"What is responsible for Presentation of Intermediate Results","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What supports Asynchronous Communication","answer":"Communication Server"},{"question":"What is associated with Knowledge","answer":"Information and Knowledge Logistics"},{"question":"What are Computer-Based Information Systems?","answer":"An information system that comprises (among others) computer-based information processing tools."},{"question":"What updates Gantt Chart","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What part Project Closure","answer":"Project Work"},{"question":"What updates Health Care Professional","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What uses Finding","answer":"Clinical Research"},{"question":"What is Terminal?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"What is NOC?","answer":"NOC=Nursing Outcomes Classification"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Database Administration?","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What is Bus?","answer":"Every physical data processing system is directly connected to the shared transmission medium called bus. There are no other active devices between the devices and bus."},{"question":"What updates Hospital Business Plan","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What uses Target State","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What is involved in Maintenance Contract Creation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who role component Department Asisstant?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"Who is ISO/IEEE 11073 Family of Standards?","answer":"The ISO/IEEE 23 family of standards defines a communication protocol for the exchange of bio-signals and vital parameters between various point-of-care devices. Furthermore, the standard enables a dynamic exchange and reconfiguration of devices and remote control, for example, of infusion pumps. The protocol can be used to display data from infusion pumps, respirators, ECG, etc. on patient monitors in the intensive care unit, but also for personal health applications. ISO/IEEE 11073 defines a complete communication protocol stack, with various cabled or wireless options on the lower layer, and a binary encoding optimized for near real-time transmission and small embedded devices on the upper layers, thus enabling a true \u201cplug and play\u201d operation."},{"question":"What part UML Attribute","answer":"UML Class"},{"question":"What updates Computer-Based Nursing Form","answer":"Nursing Admission"},{"question":"What part HL7 Message Type","answer":"HL7 Version 2"},{"question":"What is based on Evaluation Criterion","answer":"Spider Chart"},{"question":"What part Information Processing Tool","answer":"Infrastructure of an Information System"},{"question":"What part Functional View","answer":"Architecture of Integrated Information Systems"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Invoice Release?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is IHE?","answer":"Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is an organization founded by medical professional societies together with the health care IT industry with the aim of improving the interoperability of application components in health care (in particular within the hospital). Organization that aims at improving the interoperability of application components in healthcare, using existing standards such as HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"What part Expected Project Benefit","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"What are EN12538s?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Execution of Training Course?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Hospital Goal","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What is Physical Tool?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"What part Target value","answer":"Analysis Plan"},{"question":"What uses Process","answer":"quality management"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Nursing Admission?","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"What part Support Cost","answer":"Information Management Operating Cost"},{"question":"What is associated with Project Organization","answer":"DIN 69901"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Demands","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"What are CPOEs?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What uses Nursing Procedure","answer":"Medical and Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"What increases Quality of HIS Outcome","answer":"Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Drug?","answer":"Is a substance administered to a patient for treatment, diagnosis , or prevention"},{"question":"What supports Management Of ITProposals","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What updates Handover Certificate","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Approval?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is Transfer?","answer":"Comprises all information about the transfer of a patient , e.g., referring doctor and reasons for referring"},{"question":"What part Operational HIS Planning","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What updates Result Document","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What is responsible for Final Report Creation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-S Service?","answer":"A service is a feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components."},{"question":"Who is Patient Administration System?","answer":"Application component supporting patient administration."},{"question":"What updates Structural Equality","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What part Service Asset Management","answer":"Service Transition"},{"question":"What uses Procedure","answer":"Patient Billing"},{"question":"What part Domain Expert","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What uses corporate strategy","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"What part Statistical Evaluation of Patient Data","answer":"Execution of Clinical Trials"},{"question":"What are Functional Redundancy Rates?","answer":"Functional redundancy deals with the adequate relationship between enterprise functions and application components to support these tasks."},{"question":"Who is involved in Result Verification?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What are Diagnosiss?","answer":"Is the identified cause or nature of a disease or medical condition"},{"question":"Who approves Project Result?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Storming Phase","answer":"Team Formation"},{"question":"Who approves Evaluation Report?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Portfolio Backlog Item","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"What updates Interview Guideline","answer":"Preparation of Interview"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Message Types?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"What part HL7 Event Type","answer":"HL7 Version 2"},{"question":"What is System?","answer":"Set of persons, things, events and their relationships that forms an integrated whole. We distinguish between natural systems and artificial (man-made) systems. A system can be divided into subsystems."},{"question":"What updates Training Course","answer":"Preparation of Training Course"},{"question":"What are secure physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools support data safety and data security as well as electrical safety. There exist standards such as ISO27001 3 that focus on these safety aspects."},{"question":"What updates Software Product","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What updates Introduction Strategy","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What part Project Phase","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What is Medical Procedure?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a doctor, e.g., radiological examination, operation"},{"question":"What is responsible for Management of User Accounts","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"What is responsible for Software Development","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is associated with Organizational Model","answer":"Information System Metamodel"},{"question":"What are T3s?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"What part Analysis and Assessment of the Current HIS State","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"Who is Portability?","answer":"How easily can a software product be transferred to another environment? For example, a RIS software follows established market standards with regard to the used database systems and operating systems."},{"question":"What is Heterogeneous Architecture?","answer":"diverse software products from different manufacturers lead to very heterogeneous (DB  n  , AC  n  , V  n  ) architectures. At the physical tool layer, heterogeneity is often the consequence of the evolution of the HIS, comprising different generations of computer systems."},{"question":"What part Stakeholder Analysis","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What are PDF/As?","answer":"PDF/A is an ISO standard for long-time archiving of documents based on the Portable Document Format (PDF)."},{"question":"What part Storage Medium","answer":"SAN"},{"question":"Who is Authenticity of Data?","answer":"Describes that data have an established authorship. For example, the authorship of a discharge report is clear and indisputable."},{"question":"What are Standardization of Interfacess?","answer":"Whether software products support different standards for integration (such as HL7) as introduced in Sect. 6.5.4 is another important aspect of quality of structures. Otherwise integration in AC n architectures is hardly reachable in an economically reasonable way."},{"question":"Who approves Project Goal?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"Who is Maintainability of Software?","answer":"How much effort does it take to modify an application component? For example, an upgrade of the RIS software can be done quickly and without endangering overall application component\u2019s stability."},{"question":"What part Goal Definition","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"Who is Planning?","answer":"One task of information management is planning the hospital information system and its architecture. Planning in strategic information management comprises strategic alignment, establishing a strategic information management plan, and managing portfolios. Planning in tactical management means planning projects and all resources needed for them. Planning in operational information management means planning organizational structures, procedures, and all resources such as finances, staff, rooms, or buildings that are necessary to ensure the faultless operation of all components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What part Project Deadline","answer":"Project Specification"},{"question":"What part Information Acquisition (Specification)","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"Who is responsible for User Support?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What is CFO?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"Who is Software Ergonomics?","answer":"Comprises suitability for a task, suitability for learning, suitability for individualization, conformity with user expectations, self-descriptiveness, controllability, and error tolerance of a software product."},{"question":"What is associated with Project Planning Method","answer":"Project Management Triangle"},{"question":"What are Reliabilitys?","answer":"Can an application component provide defined services for a defined time under certain conditions? For example, a RIS has no down-times and is tolerant with regard to wrong data entry by a user."},{"question":"Who is CAM?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What are Quality of Health Care Processess?","answer":"Quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What are Medical Devices?","answer":"Is a technical or mechanical device used for diagnosis and treatment"},{"question":"What uses Information Infrastructure","answer":"quality management"},{"question":"What increases Transparency","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What part Project Execution Progress Document","answer":"Project Execution Document"},{"question":"What is Accuracy?","answer":"Describes that data should be free from mistakes. For example, patient laboratory findings are free of measurement or transcription errors."},{"question":"What part Strategic HIS Planning","answer":"Strategic Information Management"},{"question":"What engagement Dataflow Functional Component","answer":"Functional Component"},{"question":"Who is involved in System Specification?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"Who is responsible for project?","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What part Material Controlling","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What uses Preparation and Modeling Method","answer":"Preparation and Modelling"},{"question":"What updates strategie gap","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What uses Administrative Patient Data","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What part Detail Planning","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What is associated with Network Standard","answer":"ISO/OSI Reference Model"},{"question":"Who is Operation Management System?","answer":"The operation management system supports operation planning and operation documentation as a specialization of execution of diagnositc and therapeutic procedures. Application component that supports planning and documentation within operation rooms."},{"question":"What policy Service Portfolio Component","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"Who is Laboratory Information System?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"What part Publication of Tender","answer":"Tendering"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Presentation of Intermediate Results?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is Medical Data Dictionary?","answer":"MDDs are central catalogs of medical concepts and terms that offer the possibility of representing the semantic relationships among all data stored in a HIS, and of linking that local vocabulary to internationally standardized nomenclatures and knowledge sources. MDDs can be independent application components or part of existing application components."},{"question":"What are Nursing Management and Documentation Systems?","answer":"The nursing management and documentation system offers similar features as the medical documentation system. Application component for nursing documentation, supporting all phases of the nursing process such as nursing patient history, nursing care planning, execution of nursing tasks, and evaluation of results."},{"question":"What uses Work Package","answer":"Resource Planning"},{"question":"What updates Work Package Manager","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What part Information Management Task","answer":"information management model"},{"question":"What is associated with Organizational Plan","answer":"3LGM² Organizational System"},{"question":"Who is Patient-Centered Information Processing?","answer":"Information processing, therefore, should center on the patient (not on the institution)"},{"question":"What are Medical Admissions?","answer":"The responsible physician will carry out the medical admission. This typically comprises the patient history (disease history, systems review, social history, past medical history, family history, medication). Some of this information may be collected from documents of the referring physician and is taken to the hospital by the patient himself or herself."},{"question":"Who is DHCP Server?","answer":"A DHCP Server is responsible for dynamic IP assignment."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Physical Data Processing System?","answer":"A physical data processing system is a physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data. We denote receiving, storing, forwarding and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules"},{"question":"What is involved in Jour Fixe Execution","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What uses tender","answer":"tender analysis"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Execution?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Informed Consent","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"Who is Nursing Procedure?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a nurse, e.g., taking blood, taking the temperature"},{"question":"What is associated with Application System","answer":"platform architecture"},{"question":"What part Test Installation","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What is responsible for Risk Analysis","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What are Converging Technologiess?","answer":"Converging Technologies is the interrelationship between medical devices and Health Information Technology."},{"question":"What part Execution of Target-Performance Comparison","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is Appointment?","answer":"Determines which persons have to be at a certain place at a given time. Examples are appointment for patient admission , examination, or surgery"},{"question":"What updates Information System Component","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"Who is Information System Metamodel?","answer":"information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution.information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution."},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Domain Layer","answer":"Reference Model for the Domain Layer of Hospital Information Systems"},{"question":"What uses Diagnosis","answer":"Execution of Nursing Procedures"},{"question":"What updates Physical Data Processing System","answer":"Installation"},{"question":"What part Product Presentation","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Information Management Goal","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"What are Quality of HIS Outcomes?","answer":"Whether the goals of information management have been reached, or, in a broader sense, to what extent a hospital information system contributed to the goals of the hospital and to the expectations of different stakeholders, and how it fulfils information management laws."},{"question":"Who is Quality of Health Care Processes?","answer":"Quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What part architecture framework","answer":"TOGAF"},{"question":"Who is Physician Order Entry System?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What updates Procurement Plan","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is Qualitative Evaluation Method?","answer":"Qualitative methods deal with qualitative data, that is, with text and any other non-number data. Qualitative data can describe individual situations and contexts in detail"},{"question":"What decreases technological trajectory","answer":"innovation ability"},{"question":"What supports IT Financial Controlling","answer":""},{"question":"Who is Integration Technology?","answer":"Technologies used to achieve integration within distributed health information systems, including federated database systems, transaction management, and middleware (e. g. communication servers, remote function calls, SOA)."},{"question":"What part Signature of Sponsor","answer":"Project Order"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Change Request Aquisition?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What part Research Management","answer":"Research and Education"},{"question":"Who is responsible for System Operation?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What part Project Schedule","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What updates Knowledge Gap","answer":"Knowledge Development"},{"question":"What uses Case Mix Index","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What is involved in Execution of Product Presentation","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is Application Server?","answer":"Server can run the back-end part of application software"},{"question":"What supports Human Resource Management","answer":"Medical Documentation System"},{"question":"What are Single-Sign-Ons?","answer":"Single-Sign-On eliminates annoying multiple user logins for different application components by passing data about user authorization to the other application components when the user has logged in at an involved application component"},{"question":"What uses Observation","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What is associated with Corporate Governance of IT","answer":"Responsible Accountable Consulted and Informed"},{"question":"What updates Project Cost","answer":"Resource Planning"},{"question":"What is Information Management Cost?","answer":"Costs for information management comprise, e.g., overall costs, costs in relation to number of users or number of workstations."},{"question":"What supports Buffer Time Calculation","answer":"Project Management Software"},{"question":"Who is Information Technology Director?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What part Publishing and Presentation","answer":"Research and Education"},{"question":"What assets (availability) Proposal Component","answer":"IT Asset Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for Medical Admission","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"Who is CCHIT?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"What are Director of Information Systemss?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"Who is Discharge Summary?","answer":"Shortly summarizes diagnoses , treatment, and recommendations which are necessary for the health care institutions providing further treatment"},{"question":"What auxiliary Functional Component Strategy To Portfolio","answer":"Labor Management"},{"question":"What part Entity Type Relation Modeling Element","answer":"Data Model"},{"question":"What is based on Communication Standard","answer":"Standardization of Interfaces"},{"question":"What supports Invoice Verification","answer":"SAPFI"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Representation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is Archiving of Patient Information?","answer":"Relevant data and documents containing patient information must be created, gathered, presented, and stored such that they are efficiently retrievable during the whole process of patient treatment. The storage of these data and documents is primarily done in patient records. Today, usually a mixture of paper-based and computer-based patient records is used. Certain legal requirements usually must be considered."},{"question":"What is responsible for Network Management","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What are Subsystems?","answer":"A subset of all components of a system, together with the relationships between them."},{"question":"What are ISO 25000 Software Qualitys?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Stability of Application Components?","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What is Quality of Processes?","answer":"In medicine, quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What uses Risk Analysis Factor","answer":"Risk Analysis"},{"question":"What uses Killer Phrase","answer":"Project Team Leading"},{"question":"What is HIS Stakeholder?","answer":"Anyone who has direct or indirect influence on or interest in a component of an information system."},{"question":"What part HL7 Patient Identification","answer":"ADT"},{"question":"What uses Time","answer":"Project Management"},{"question":"What uses Work Package Description","answer":"Work Package Execution"},{"question":"What part User Requirements Analysis","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What are Oncology Information Systems?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an oncology department"},{"question":"Who is Patient Identification?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. To determine and record a patient's identity. As a result of patient identification, a unique patient identification number (PIN) is assigned."},{"question":"What are 3LGM²s?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"What part Enterprise Function Modeling Element","answer":"Functional Model"},{"question":"What updates Acceptance Report","answer":"Commissioning"},{"question":"What uses Description of the Current HIS State","answer":"Analysis and Assessment of the Current HIS State"},{"question":"What updates Data System","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Network Management?","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"Who approves Information Acquisition Method?","answer":"Staff Council"},{"question":"Who is Message?","answer":"Set of data that are arranged as a unit in order to be communicated between application components."},{"question":"What approves Target value","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is COBIT?","answer":"COBIT is developed by the IT Governance Institute. It provides a common language for executives to communicate goals, objectives and expected results of IT systems and IT projects. COBIT is built on a process model that defines 34 IT-related processes within four domains: plan and organize; acquire and implement; deliver and support; monitor and evaluate. Provides a common language to communicate goals, objectives, and expected results of application components and related projects. COBIT defines 34 IT-related business processes. For each of them, information on how the specific process goals can be measured, what the key activities and major deliverables are, and who is responsible for them is provided."},{"question":"Who is Quality of Computer-Based Application Components and Their Integration?","answer":"Quality characteristics for software and software ergonomics, which can be applied to computer-based application components, are provided by ISO 25000 and ISO 9241. Further quality criteria for software products that are of relevance for health care are adaptability, availability, sustainability, maturity, certification and standardized interfaces.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What part Medical Admission","answer":"Patient Admission"},{"question":"What uses SGB V","answer":"Organization of Health Care"},{"question":"What uses Server","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Monolithic Style?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"What supports Controlling","answer":"Enterprise Resource Planning System"},{"question":"What uses Information Management Organizational Structure","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What supports Monitoring of Vital Signs","answer":"Patient Chart System"},{"question":"What is associated with Pacemaker Technology","answer":"pacemaker technology"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Release","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What is Key Performance Indicator?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"What part Intermediate Result","answer":"Progress Document"},{"question":"What part contract","answer":"Contract Inventory"},{"question":"What updates System Specification Method","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What is associated with Electronic Health Record","answer":"EHR Strategy"},{"question":"What is Blood Bank Management System?","answer":"Supports blood donor services, blood analyses, administration of blood bottles"},{"question":"What part Project Team Member","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What part Creation of Schedule","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Tool Class","answer":"3LGM² Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"Who is involved in Conflict Management?","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Fulfillment Execution Component","answer":"Desired Service Model"},{"question":"What is involved in Definition of Project Goals","answer":"Stakeholder"},{"question":"What updates Data Security Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is associated with HIS Stakeholder","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What uses Spider Chart","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What updates System Failure Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Preparation of Results","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What part Defining and Scheduling Milestones","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What is associated with Single-Sign-On","answer":"CCOW Standard"},{"question":"What uses Cross-linked Gantt Chart","answer":"Minimum Project Duration Calculation"},{"question":"Who is Application Component?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components."},{"question":"What is HIS Management?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is Clinical Documentation?","answer":"Documentation in clinical environment. Recording all clinically relevant patient data that arise during patient care as completely, correctly, and quickly as possible. This supports the coordination of patient treatment between all involved health care professionals, and also the legal justification of the actions taken. Structured documentation of data is a precondition for data aggregation and statistics, computerized decision support, and retrieval of data. Is supported by medical documentation systems and nursing management and documentation systems. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"What is Physical Tool Layer?","answer":"A set of physical data processing systems in the 3LGM² that are physically connected via data transmission connections."},{"question":"What are Drugs?","answer":"Is a substance administered to a patient for treatment, diagnosis , or prevention"},{"question":"Who is Evaluation?","answer":"Act of measuring or exploring properties of a health information system. The result of an evaluation should give information to support decisions concerning the health information system. Evaluation studies are typically conducted as projects of tactical information management. Evaluation studies support monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What uses Evaluation Method","answer":"Execution of an IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What uses Descriptive Statistics","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What is Bed?","answer":"Must be managed according to its occupation"},{"question":"What increases Project Transparency","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What is Transfer?","answer":"Comprises all information about the transfer of a patient , e.g., referring doctor and reasons for referring"},{"question":"What is Procedure?","answer":"Procedure is the generalization of a medical procedure or nursing procedure."},{"question":"Who is Subsystem?","answer":"A subset of all components of a system, together with the relationships between them."},{"question":"Who is CSF?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"What uses Project Budget Administration","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"What part Monitoring of Defect Fixes","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"What part Verification (System Analysis)","answer":"System Analysis"},{"question":"What is 2-Phase-Commit-Protocol?","answer":"The \u201c2-phase commit protocol\u201d was developed for transaction management in DB n architectures. In the initial phase, this protocol checks if the transaction can be carried out by all affected database systems. Only if the changes are possible everywhere, they are actually carried out in a second phase in all database systems."},{"question":"What uses Nursing History","answer":"Nursing Admission"},{"question":"What is Balance of Data Security and Working Processes?","answer":"A hospital information system should implement strict access control methods to ensure that unauthorized access is impossible. However, this can lead to hindrances in the daily work of the health care professionals."},{"question":"What uses Reference Model for the Domain Layer of Hospital Information Systems","answer":"Modeling Hospital Information Systems"},{"question":"What part Nursing Center","answer":"Integrated Care Network"},{"question":"What part Laundry Management","answer":"Supply and Disposal Management"},{"question":"What are Patient-Centric Strategys?","answer":"In this strategy, the patient is perceived as the primary owner of his data. A patient can set up a record on an internet portal or on other appropriate media. The record is filled by the patient and practitioners or other physicians may support him or her. The patient decides which information should be included and which persons can access the record. This type of patientowned electronic record is also called Personal Health Record (PHR)."},{"question":"What part Planning of Organizational Structures","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What entity Relationship IT Budget","answer":"Conceptual Service"},{"question":"What is CCOW?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What is Information and Knowledge Logistics?","answer":"To make available the right information and knowledge at the right time, at the right place, to the right people, in the right form, so that people can make the right decisions."},{"question":"What is associated with Process Integration","answer":"Quality of Processes"},{"question":"What part Project Manager","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What supports Medical Anamnesis","answer":"Medical Care Planning"},{"question":"What part quality assurance","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What is Food?","answer":"Must be provided according to different nutritional needs of patients , e.g., normal diet and light diet"},{"question":"What are Health Care Networks?","answer":"A group of two or more legally separated health care institutions that have temporarily and voluntarily joined together to achieve a common purpose.           The information system of a health care network is called a transinstitutional health information system."},{"question":"What is First-Level Support?","answer":"User support unit serving as first contact for all user groups with any kinds of information processing problems. It may consist, for example, of a central 24-h-hotline (service desk) that is responsible for the management of user accounts and first troubleshooting, or of decentralized information processing staff. When the first-level support cannot solve the problems, it hands them over to the second-level support."},{"question":"What are Bundespflegesatzverordnungs?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"What is responsible for Delivering of Customer-Centered Services","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"What part Name and Address of Contractor","answer":"Project Order"},{"question":"What is ORU?","answer":"ORU stands for an unsolicited observational result (e.g., a radiology report)."},{"question":"What service Architecture To Conceptual Service Conceptual Service","answer":"Service Architecture"},{"question":"What is responsible for Function","answer":"task bearer"},{"question":"What are Hospital Information Systems?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of a hospital that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. The aim of a hospital information system is to sufficiently enable the adequate execution of hospital functions for patient care."},{"question":"What are Quality of Health Care Outcomes?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care , that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"What uses Hospital Cost","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What is Suitability for the Task?","answer":"Does the user interface support the user in fulfilling her or his tasks effectively and efficiently?"},{"question":"What supports Supply and Disposal Management","answer":"Enterprise Resource Planning System"},{"question":"Who is Clinical Information System?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"What part Study Introduction","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What uses Best-Practice-Benchmark","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"What part Debtor Accounting","answer":"Financial Accounting"},{"question":"What approves Service Level Agreement","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What part Education","answer":"Research and Education"},{"question":"What are Tactical Information Managements?","answer":"One part of information management. Deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects."},{"question":"What are Usabilitys?","answer":"Is the application component easy to use? For more details on software ergonomics, see next paragraph."},{"question":"What is associated with Costs","answer":"thrift"},{"question":"What are Quality of HIS Processess?","answer":"Quality of the information processes that are necessary to meet the user's needs, such as single recording and multiple usability of data, no transcription of data, leanness of information processing tools, efficiency of information logistics, and patient-centred information processing."},{"question":"What uses Patient Age","answer":"DRG Calculation"},{"question":"What uses Study Outline","answer":"Operationalization of Methods and Detailed Study Plan"},{"question":"What are Personal Health Records?","answer":"A patient-owned electronic health record, with the patient perceived as the primary owner of his/her data."},{"question":"What key Data Object Portfolio Demand Component","answer":"Portfolio Backlog Item"},{"question":"What are Durabilitys?","answer":"Durability stands for persistence of the transaction\u2019s results."},{"question":"What uses Migration Path","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What are Portabilitys?","answer":"How easily can a software product be transferred to another environment? For example, a RIS software follows established market standards with regard to the used database systems and operating systems."},{"question":"What supports Teleconsultation","answer":"Video Conferencing System"},{"question":"What are Project Management Boards?","answer":"Such a project management board supports the project manager by providing an interface between the project manager, future user groups, vendors involved in the project, and strategic information management authorities like CIO and information management board."},{"question":"What are Message Types?","answer":"Class of uniform messages, determines which data about which entity types are communicated by a message belonging to this message type. A message type can belong to a communication standard."},{"question":"What decreases Risk","answer":"contract"},{"question":"What is Integration Technology?","answer":"Technologies used to achieve integration within distributed health information systems, including federated database systems, transaction management, and middleware (e. g. communication servers, remote function calls, SOA)."},{"question":"What approves Project Plan","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is associated with General Practice","answer":"General Practitioner"},{"question":"Who is responsible for System Specification?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What is Sample?","answer":"Is a specimen taken from a patient , e.g., a blood sample or a urine sample"},{"question":"What uses BDSG","answer":"Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Classification?","answer":"Consists of a set of classes summarizing concepts not to be distinguished during analysis"},{"question":"Who is Communication Link?","answer":"Communicates data about a certain entity type. Connects a communication interface of one application component with a communication interface of another application component."},{"question":"What part Project Approval","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What is Medical Admission?","answer":"The responsible physician will carry out the medical admission. This typically comprises the patient history (disease history, systems review, social history, past medical history, family history, medication). Some of this information may be collected from documents of the referring physician and is taken to the hospital by the patient himself or herself."},{"question":"What part UML Entity","answer":"UML Sequence Diagram"},{"question":"What approves Analysis Plan","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Conflict Management?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Data","answer":"Message"},{"question":"Who is responsible for GSTOOL?","answer":"BSI"},{"question":"Who is Cost Accounting?","answer":"For controlling purposes, it is necessary to keep track of services, their costs, and who has received them. Cost accounting usually investigates which costs incur (cost-type accounting), where costs incur (cost center accounting), and for what activities or services costs incur (cost unit accounting). According to the accounting purpose, the time period to be observed and the scope of the costs to be accounted have to be defined. The results of cost accounting , that is, KPIs , serve as input for controlling"},{"question":"What are Thin Clients?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"Who role component position?","answer":"department"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Business Strategy?","answer":"Chief Executive Officer"},{"question":"What part Entity Type Modeling Element","answer":"EPK"},{"question":"What part competative strategy","answer":"Corporate Strategy"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Budget","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What is SWOT Analysis?","answer":"Quantitative  and/or  qualitative  analysis  of  the  most  significant strengths (positive features), weaknesses (negative features), opportunities (potential strengths), and threats (potential weaknesses) that characterize an information system. component."},{"question":"What uses Method of Verification","answer":"Verification (Specification)"},{"question":"What are Second-Level Supports?","answer":"Specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of the specific application components. User support unit addressing information processing problems that cannot be solved by first-level support. It may consist, for example, of specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of specific application components. When the second-level support cannot solve the problems, they are handed over to the third-level support."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Invoice Verification?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What is Tree?","answer":"Practically speaking, the tree topology hierarchically connects two or more star topology networks by connecting the central physical data processing systems"},{"question":"What part Adoption of Project Result","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"Who is maintainable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, costs for purchase and support of tools are low."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Plan Creation?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What record Fabric Integration Functional Component","answer":"Functional Component"},{"question":"What part Strategic HIS Monitoring","answer":"Strategic Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What uses Analysis Report","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What uses Information Acquisition Method","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What are Software Qualitys?","answer":"Functionality, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, portability, and usability of a software product."},{"question":"What part Organizational Review","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Physical Tool Layers?","answer":"The physical tool layer is a set of physical data processing systems."},{"question":"What uses Diffusion of Innovation Theory","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What part Norm","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"What are Taxononmy of Architecture at the Logical Tool Layers?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"What is Confidentiality?","answer":"Clinical data should be kept confidential. For e xample, the diagnoses of a patient are only accessible by the treating health care professionals."},{"question":"What is involved in Project Budget Administration","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What part Result","answer":"Project Management Triangle"},{"question":"What increases Data Integration","answer":"Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport"},{"question":"What part Discharge Summary","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What are OpenEHRs?","answer":"OpenEHR defines onotologies and provides open source software tools for maintaining and managing patient-centric electronic health records. It contains clinical models of content and processes, which are known as archetypes"},{"question":"Who is Integrity?","answer":"The correctness of data stored in a health information system. Important aspects of integrity are object identity, referential integrity, and consistency of data."},{"question":"What part Organizational Development","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"Who is Organizational System?","answer":"A non-computer-based application Component."},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Transmitting Medium","answer":"3LGM² Data Transmission Connection"},{"question":"What is associated with Description Function of an Architecture","answer":"Architecture Principle"},{"question":"What are Physical Data Processing Systems?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"Who is Functional Leanness?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by one and only one application component. The opposite is functional redundancy."},{"question":"Who is External Finding?","answer":"Is a finding of a previously treating health care provider"},{"question":"What is OpenEHR?","answer":"OpenEHR defines onotologies and provides open source software tools for maintaining and managing patient-centric electronic health records. It contains clinical models of content and processes, which are known as archetypes"},{"question":"Who is involved in Detail Planning?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What is Integration?","answer":"Integration in general describes a union of parts making a whole. /But besides this meaning as a property of a system, \u201cintegration\u201d additionally stands for the actions to be taken in order to achieve this property and thus has a behavioral perspective. describes a union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. A union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. We speak of integrated health information system if we want to express that it is a union that represents more than just a set of independent components. To achieve this integration, the components need to be interoperable. We expect positive consequences for the quality of information processing by integration. Different types of integration on the logical tool layer are data integration, semantic integration, access integration, presentation integration, contextual integration, and process integration. On the physical tool layer, physical integration is important."},{"question":"Who is HIS Infrastructure?","answer":"The set of all physical data processing systems in a health care institution is called the infrastructure of its HIS. This infrastructure can be described by the overall number of physical data processing systems, by the average number of physical data processing systems per unit (e.g., two personal computers and one laptop per ward), or per staff member."},{"question":"What is involved in Jour-fixe Execution CEO","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What part Project Planning Result","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What part Adjourning Phase","answer":"Team Formation"},{"question":"Who is Self-Descriptiveness?","answer":"Is each step of the user interface understandable for the user by providing direct feedback or explanation?"},{"question":"What is associated with ISO 9241","answer":"Software Ergonomics"},{"question":"What is Standardization of Interfaces?","answer":"Whether software products support different standards for integration (such as HL7) as introduced in Sect. 6.5.4 is another important aspect of quality of structures. Otherwise integration in AC n architectures is hardly reachable in an economically reasonable way."},{"question":"Who is Monitoring?","answer":"Assessing the development and operation of a hospital information system with respect to the planned objectives. Monitoring in strategic information management means continually auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals. Monitoring in tactical information management means continually checking whether initiated projects are running as planned, and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring in operational information management means verifying the proper working and effectiveness of all components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What uses Quality Objective","answer":"Quality Planning"},{"question":"What is responsible for project","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What part Order","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What is responsible for Information Acquisition","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What part Non-Computer-Based Information Processing Tool","answer":"HIS Architecture"},{"question":"What part Operational HIS Directing","answer":"Operational Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What decreases Media Crack","answer":"Process Integration"},{"question":"What uses Competitive Benchmarking","answer":"Competitive Benchmarking"},{"question":"What is responsible for User Support","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What is Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"What is associated with Integrity of Data","answer":"Document Archiving System"},{"question":"What is associated with ACn Style","answer":"All-In-One Architecture"},{"question":"What updates procedural model","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What uses Reference Model","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"What updates Elicitation Form","answer":"Elicitation"},{"question":"Who is Functional Redundancy Rate?","answer":"Functional redundancy deals with the adequate relationship between enterprise functions and application components to support these tasks."},{"question":"What updates measured value","answer":"measuring"},{"question":"What are Master Application Components?","answer":"For every redundantly stored entity type, an application component is determined as the master application component for this entity type. Thus, data about entities of this type can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component. Application component that contains the original data about a given entity type. In case of redundant data storage, other application components may hold copies of these data, but these data can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component; data integrity in the other application components has to be maintained by communicating new copies of the original data to the other application components."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Entity Type?","answer":"An entity type is a representation of 1. an object class and of 2. the data representing information concerning the objects of this object class, if these data are stored or could or should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"What part Computerized Physician Order Entry System","answer":"Clinical Information System"},{"question":"What is Single-Sign-On?","answer":"Single-Sign-On eliminates annoying multiple user logins for different application components by passing data about user authorization to the other application components when the user has logged in at an involved application component"},{"question":"Who is Outpatient Management System?","answer":"The outpatient management system is comparable to the medical documentation system.Application Component for outpatient units, supporting, among others, appointment scheduling, medical documentation, work organization, and billing."},{"question":"What are Information Managements?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"What uses Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What part Nursing Goal","answer":"Nursing Care Plan"},{"question":"What is Balance of Homegeneity and Heterogeneity?","answer":"The collection of information processing tools (both on the logical and on the physical tool layer) should be as homogeneous (i.e., comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor) as possible and as heterogeneous as necessary. In general, a homogeneous set of information processing tools makes training and support of users easier and thus leads to reduced costs for the HIS."},{"question":"What is associated with Media Crack","answer":"Transcription"},{"question":"Who is North American Nursing Diagnoses Association?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"Who is Information Management Board?","answer":"Such a board can often be found in larger hospitals (Fig. 9.7 ). Members should include one representative from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department (see Sect. 9.3.2 ) if this director is not the CIO simultaneously. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital.  Responsible for strategic information management in a hospital. Members should include representatives from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital."},{"question":"What part Critical Path","answer":"Net Plan"},{"question":"What updates Quality Policy","answer":"quality management"},{"question":"What is ORM?","answer":"ORM stands for a general order message (e.g., ordering a radiological examination)."},{"question":"What is involved in Project Planning","answer":"Department Manager"},{"question":"What updates interpersonel information behavior","answer":"cognition"},{"question":"What part System Analysis Planning","answer":"System Analysis"},{"question":"What are Findings?","answer":"Summarizes the results of diagnostic procedures such as lab and x-ray examinations"},{"question":"Who is Process Integration?","answer":"Process integration is guaranteed when business processes are effectively supported           by a set of interacting application components."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Purchase Order Processing?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"Who is Queue Manager?","answer":"Queue managers support the sending of messages from the sender to the receiver and the distribution of a single message to numerous receivers (multicasting)."},{"question":"What is Medical Anamnesis?","answer":"A medical anamnesis comprises all information needed as a basis for medical care planning."},{"question":"What part Execution of Nursing Procedures","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures"},{"question":"What uses Medical Procedure","answer":"Preparation of an Order"},{"question":"Who is involved in Medical and Nursing Care Planning?","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What part Interpersonal Information Behavior","answer":"Information Behaviour"},{"question":"Who is admission?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"What part Computer-Based Application Component","answer":"Information and Communication Technology"},{"question":"What uses Maintenance Contract","answer":"Maintenance Contract Release"},{"question":"What part Quality Improvement","answer":"QM"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-S Invoking Interface?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"What part infrastructure architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"Who is Quality of IT Training?","answer":"quality of IT training (e.g., IT training hours per user)"},{"question":"What is Time-Motion Analysis?","answer":"The time-motion analysis is based on trained observers that measure the duration of observed events (e.g., tasks) while using a predefined list of event categories"},{"question":"What are Information Technology Directors?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What is based on Metamodel","answer":"Reference Model"},{"question":"What updates Referential Integrity","answer":"Establishing Referential Integrity"},{"question":"What are Suitability for Learnings?","answer":"Is the user supported to learn and use the user interface?"},{"question":"What are Project Plans?","answer":"This plan has to describe the project's subject and motivation, the problems to be solved, the goals to be achieved, the tasks to be performed, and the activities to be undertaken to reach the goals."},{"question":"What uses information infrastructure","answer":"distribution of information"},{"question":"What uses Hospital Service","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Priorisation","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What part Project Distinction","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"What uses Cost of Treatment","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"Who is Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM2, the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via comunication links and store them as data."},{"question":"What part Incident Classification","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Initiation?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Recruitment of Patients","answer":"Execution of Clinical Trials"},{"question":"What part Execution of a Kick-Off-Meeting","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What is Balance of Computer-Based and Non-Computer-Based Tools?","answer":"It is the task of information management to manage information processing in such a way that the goals of the hospital can be reached best. So, for a hospital whose goal is to provide very personal and humane treatment, it might be sensible, for example, to abstain from the use of technology and especially computers for all immediate physician-patient contact."},{"question":"What are Physical Tools?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"What uses development project","answer":"to carry out a development project"},{"question":"What uses Service","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What is responsible for Controlling","answer":"Chief Financial Officer"},{"question":"What are Rings?","answer":"Every physical data processing system has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. Finally the physical data processing systems are interconnected to form a ring. Data are passed from one system to the other in the same direction (either \u201cclockwise\u201d or \u201ccounterclockwise\u201d) as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"Who is Electronic Patient Record?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"What part Resource Plan","answer":"Project Plan Summary"},{"question":"What are Best-of-Breed-Architectures?","answer":"An (AC n , V n ) architecture where the different application components are based on software from different vendors is commonly denoted as \u201cbest-of-breed,\u201d pointing to the fact that the hospital combines the \u201cbest\u201d software products from different vendors."},{"question":"What is involved in Invoice Verification","answer":"Department Manager"},{"question":"Who is Management?","answer":"management comprises all leadership activities that determine the institution\u2019s goals, structures, and behaviors. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s goals, structures, and activities. Management can stand for an institution or an enterprise function. As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning, monitoring, and directing all activities of subordinate units. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s\ngoals, structures, and behaviors."},{"question":"What part DICOM Message Format","answer":"DICOM Standard"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Management of User Accounts?","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"What is based on 3LGM²","answer":"3LGM² Tool"},{"question":"Who is Patient Link?","answer":"\"Patient Link\" is used for the synchronization of application components with regard to a chosen or identified patient."},{"question":"Who is Standardization of Interfaces?","answer":"Whether software products support different standards for integration (such as HL7) as introduced in Sect. 6.5.4 is another important aspect of quality of structures. Otherwise integration in AC n architectures is hardly reachable in an economically reasonable way."},{"question":"What are Information Systems?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of an institution that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. An information system can be divided into sub-information systems."},{"question":"What uses Knowledge","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What part Customizing","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What are Maintainability of Softwares?","answer":"How much effort does it take to modify an application component? For example, an upgrade of the RIS software can be done quickly and without endangering overall application component\u2019s stability."},{"question":"What is Dialysis Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of a dialysis department, has interfaces to hemodialysis machines"},{"question":"What is Patient Identification?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. To determine and record a patient's identity. As a result of patient identification, a unique patient identification number (PIN) is assigned."},{"question":"What part Definition of Project Goals","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"Who approves Specification Plan?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is Mesh?","answer":"Each physical data processing system is connected with one or more devices; if each device is connected with all other devices on the network the mesh is said to be fully connected."},{"question":"What are Strategic Information Management Goals?","answer":"Based on a description of the hospital\u201fs strategic goals (e.g., presented in a mission statement), the strategic information management goals should be derived using the method of strategic alignment. (chapter 9.4) The challenge of information management is to keep the balance between the different - and possible contradicting- goals of the hospital. (chapter 8.5)"},{"question":"Who approves Interim Report?","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is Communication Link?","answer":"Communicates data about a certain entity type. Connects a communication interface of one application component with a communication interface of another application component."},{"question":"What is Planning?","answer":"One task of information management is planning the hospital information system and its architecture. Planning in strategic information management comprises strategic alignment, establishing a strategic information management plan, and managing portfolios. Planning in tactical management means planning projects and all resources needed for them. Planning in operational information management means planning organizational structures, procedures, and all resources such as finances, staff, rooms, or buildings that are necessary to ensure the faultless operation of all components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What are Certifications?","answer":"Assessment of the compliance with certain predefined quality characteristics. For example, ISO 9001 standard assesses the hospital\u2019s compliance with certain quality management standards, and the Joint Commission assesses the quality of processes related to patient care, hospital management, and information management. CCHIT and EuroRec certify functionality, security, and interoperability of electronic health records."},{"question":"Who is Efficiency of Information Logistics?","answer":"provide the right information at the right time at the right place to the right people in the right form"},{"question":"What is Directing?","answer":"Executing a plan. Directing in strategic information management means to transform a strategic information management plan into projects. Directing in tactical information management means the execution of projects, based on a project plan. Directing in operational information management means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper reactions to operating problems of components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What approves Contractor","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What is Physical Integration?","answer":"Physical integration is guaranteed if there exist physical communication for any kind of data exchange. In other words, physical integration is a prerequisite for integration application components. Condition of an information system where the physical infrastructure for any kind of data exchange exists."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Information Acquisition?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What is Pathology Information System?","answer":"A Pathology Information System has similar features as a laboratory information system (LIS), e.g., receiving orders , writing reports."},{"question":"Who is Functionality?","answer":"Does an application component have the required functionality? For example, a RIS contains functionality required for report writing, it provides correct output when searching for a patient , and it guarantees security of stored data."},{"question":"What is Documentation?","answer":"If an entity type E is updated by an enterprise function and this entity type\u2019s data are stored in an application component, we call this combination the \u2018 documentation of entity type E\u2019. Recording of data. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"What part Department Manager","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What part tool","answer":"TOGAF"},{"question":"What is Qualitative Observation?","answer":"This  comprises  open,  less-standardized,  nonquantitative  observations  of  processes  or events. In contrary to quantitative observations, the aim is not to count and measure, but to get insight into a situation."},{"question":"What is involved in System Specification","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What part Server","answer":"Server Cluster"},{"question":"What are Service-Oriented Architectures?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"Who is responsible for COBIT?","answer":"ITGI"},{"question":"What uses CCHIT Functional Criterion","answer":"Certification by CCHIT"},{"question":"What uses Strategic Goal of the Network","answer":"Information Management in Health Care Networks"},{"question":"Who is Nursing Anamnesis?","answer":"Comprises all information needed as a basis for nursing care planning"},{"question":"What are Financial Accountings?","answer":"All the hospital\u2019s financial operations have to be systematically recorded to meet legal requirements. Financial accounting comprises, for example, debtor accounting, credit accounting, and asset accounting."},{"question":"Who is Visual Integration?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"What part Task","answer":"5-Level-Method for Systematic Structural Planning"},{"question":"What are IHEs?","answer":"Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is an organization founded by medical professional societies together with the health care IT industry with the aim of improving the interoperability of application components in health care (in particular within the hospital). Organization that aims at improving the interoperability of application components in healthcare, using existing standards such as HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"What key Data Object Request Realisation Component","answer":"Subscription"},{"question":"What uses Project Progress","answer":"Project Marketing"},{"question":"What is Computerized Physician Order Entry System?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What is Reliability of Data?","answer":"Data are reliable when they are verifiable. For example, there is no element of uncertainty with regard to the clinical findings because they are signed by a responsible doctor."},{"question":"What updates Interim Report","answer":"Interim Report Creation"},{"question":"What is involved in Verification (System Analysis)","answer":"Department"},{"question":"What are Cross-Enterprise Document Sharings?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry, information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"What uses ITIL","answer":"IT Service Management"},{"question":"What is Integrated Care?","answer":"to organize health care in a patient-centric way, such that all participating in- or outpatient care institutions cooperate very closely"},{"question":"What are Terminals?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"What part Usufructuary Right","answer":"copyright"},{"question":"Who is Strategic Information Management?","answer":"Strategic information management deals with information processing as a whole. Strategic information management deals with the hospital\u2019s information processing as a whole. It depends strictly on the hospital\u2019s business strategy and strategic goals and has to translate these into an appropriate information strategy. One part of information management. Deals with the enterprise\u2019s information processing as a whole and establishes strategies and principles for the evolution of the information system. An important result of strategic information management activities is a strategic information management plan which is aligned with the hospital\u2019s business strategy."},{"question":"What are Mainframe Architectures?","answer":"In a mainframe architecture , all computer-based application components are installed on one or multiple mainframe system(s) to which various terminals are attached. The terminals cannot execute applications or store data, that is, they only serve for data input and output. Until the late 1980s mainframe architectures had been predominantly in hospitals. Architectural style at the physical tool layer, consisting of one or multiple (networked) mainframe systems to which various terminals are attached."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Domain Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the domain layer describes what kinds of activities in a health care institution are enabled by its information system and what kind of data should be stored and processed, independent of its implementation. Consequently, the domain layer describes enterprise functions and entity types."},{"question":"What updates Corporate Governance of IT","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What are Socio-Technical Systems?","answer":"A (man-made) system that consists of both human and technical components."},{"question":"What key Data Object Policy Component","answer":"Policy"},{"question":"What part Organizational Model","answer":"Business Reference Model"},{"question":"What is responsible for Joint Commission\u2019s Certification Program","answer":"Joint Commission"},{"question":"What is responsible for Completion of Project Documentation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Quality of HIS Outcome","answer":"HIS Quality"},{"question":"What is associated with key technology","answer":"future technology"},{"question":"What part Maintenance of Centralized Technical Components","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"Who is Medical Procedure?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a doctor, e.g., radiological examination, operation"},{"question":"What uses strategic goal","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"What is Patient Admission?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"What are Integritys?","answer":"The correctness of data stored in a health information system. Important aspects of integrity are object identity, referential integrity, and consistency of data."},{"question":"What uses SMART","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"Who is Decomposition?","answer":"Decompositions describe part-of relationships. The respective superordination is called"},{"question":"What is associated with Project Web Site","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What is associated with Project Goal","answer":"SMART"},{"question":"What are maintainable physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, costs for purchase and support of tools are low."},{"question":"What part Human Resource Management","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What uses Service Level Agreement","answer":"Computer-Based Application System Operation"},{"question":"What is Modular Architecture?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What are Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transports?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"What part Control Structure","answer":"Business Process"},{"question":"What approves Target Concept","answer":"User"},{"question":"What part ISO 9241-110","answer":"ISO 9241"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-S?","answer":"For architectures in which computer-based application components provide s ervices to be used by other computer-based application components (so-called service-oriented architectures), the concepts of 3LGM²-S are useful for modeling."},{"question":"What approves Functional Specification Document","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is Application System?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What uses strategic IT plan","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What part Hospital Revenue","answer":"Hospital Budget"},{"question":"What is Laboratory Information System?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"What part OpenEHR Model of Processes","answer":"OpenEHR Ontology"},{"question":"What is CEO?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What part Isolation","answer":"ACID"},{"question":"What is responsible for Work Package Execution","answer":"Work Package Manager"},{"question":"What is associated with Project Closure","answer":"Project Closure Phase"},{"question":"What are Transaction Managements?","answer":"Ensures that every update of data which have been consistent will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"Who is Procedure?","answer":"Procedure is the generalization of a medical procedure or nursing procedure."},{"question":"What is associated with Information Function","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What is associated with cooperation partner","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"What is Web Server?","answer":"Web site management"},{"question":"Who is BAR?","answer":"BAR stands for a patient accounting message"},{"question":"What updates Cost of Treatment","answer":"Patient Billing"},{"question":"What uses Nursing Care Plan","answer":"Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"What part Administration of Business Trips and Further Training","answer":"Human Resource Management"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Status Report?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What are Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Managements?","answer":"In each country, different laws affect health information processing, addressing, for example, organization of health care, financing of health care, and health statistics. Those laws must be taken into account by information management."},{"question":"What is PACS?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"What is Room?","answer":"Is an operating room (OR), doctor\u2019s office, or waiting room"},{"question":"What portfolio Backlog Item Portfolio Demand Component","answer":"Problem Component"},{"question":"What is based on current system","answer":"current architecture"},{"question":"What are Operational Information Managements?","answer":"Operational information management , finally, is responsible for operating the components of the information system"},{"question":"What are Patient Records?","answer":"A patient record in general is composed of all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution."},{"question":"What part Hospital","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"Who is Non-Computer-Based Application Component?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are not implemented as executable software but as organizational rules."},{"question":"What part Tender Vetting","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What supports Critical Path Calculation","answer":"Project Management Software"},{"question":"Who approves Roll-Out?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What are R01s?","answer":"R01 describes \u201ccompletion of an examination result\"."},{"question":"What uses Training Concept","answer":"Execution of Training Course"},{"question":"What is based on Data Metamodel","answer":"Data Reference Model"},{"question":"What are Functional Models?","answer":"Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them.Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them. Model representing what is to be done in an institution (e.g., a hospital). Concepts typically offered comprise the enterprise functions that are supported by the application components of a health information system. Functional models describe what is to be done."},{"question":"What part Project Execution","answer":"Project Work"},{"question":"What are Integrity of Datas?","answer":"Comprises the mere correctness (e.g., correct diagnosis ), object identity (e.g., correct identification of every patient by a unique patient identification number), referential integrity (e.g., each clinical report can uniquely be linked to a patient ), and consistency of redundant data (e.g., the name of a patient is not spelled differently in different databases)."},{"question":"What part Release of Resources","answer":"Project Specification"},{"question":"What are Tan\u2019s Critical Success Factor Approachs?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"What is Information Technology Director?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"Who is involved in Decision Making and Patient Information?","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What is Process Integration?","answer":"Process integration is guaranteed when business processes are effectively supported           by a set of interacting application components."},{"question":"What is responsible for Designing Customer-Centered Services","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"What updates Study Hypothesis","answer":"Execution of a Quantitative Study"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Interface Management?","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What is Tan\u2019s Critical Success Factor Approach?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"What is based on BPMN","answer":"BPML"},{"question":"Who is harmless physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a computer in the operating room is designed not to harm the patient or the clinical user by electric hazards."},{"question":"Who is Information and Knowledge Logistics?","answer":"To make available the right information and knowledge at the right time, at the right place, to the right people, in the right form, so that people can make the right decisions."},{"question":"What uses IT mission statement","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"Who is Qualitative Observation?","answer":"This  comprises  open,  less-standardized,  nonquantitative  observations  of  processes  or events. In contrary to quantitative observations, the aim is not to count and measure, but to get insight into a situation."},{"question":"What part Information Demand","answer":"Information Need"},{"question":"What uses Software Distribution","answer":"Go-Live"},{"question":"Who approves Project?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What supports Management Of ITInitiatives","answer":"Project Component"},{"question":"What are Leanness of Information Processing Toolss?","answer":"for each process, there should be all the tools necessary but as few as possible. For a given task, from the point of view of the user, there should be as many different information processing tools as necessary, but as few as possible."},{"question":"What part Vendor","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"Who is Data Integration?","answer":"Data integration is obtained in a hospital information system when data that have been recorded are available wherever they are needed, without having to be reentered. Thus, each data item needs to be recorded, changed, deleted, or otherwise edited just once, even if it is used in several application components."},{"question":"What is associated with Strategy To Portfolio","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What uses Commissioned Assessment","answer":"Decision and Contract Conclusion"},{"question":"What part Competitive Strategy","answer":"Corporate Strategy"},{"question":"What is Mainframe Architecture?","answer":"In a mainframe architecture , all computer-based application components are installed on one or multiple mainframe system(s) to which various terminals are attached. The terminals cannot execute applications or store data, that is, they only serve for data input and output. Until the late 1980s mainframe architectures had been predominantly in hospitals. Architectural style at the physical tool layer, consisting of one or multiple (networked) mainframe systems to which various terminals are attached."},{"question":"What are CCOWs?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What is Efficiency?","answer":"How much resources are needed for an application component? For example, a RIS has a good response rate of less than 1 s for most of the functionalities."},{"question":"What is associated with Requirement","answer":"Requirement Component"},{"question":"What are KPIs?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"What part Security","answer":"IT mission statement"},{"question":"What are Process Integrations?","answer":"Process integration is guaranteed when business processes are effectively supported           by a set of interacting application components."},{"question":"What is associated with relative","answer":"Patient"},{"question":"What are Specializations?","answer":"Specializations describe refinement relationships."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-M?","answer":"3LGM²-M extends 3LGM²-B by concepts for modeling message- based communication."},{"question":"What is associated with System Analysis and Assessment","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment Module"},{"question":"What uses Project Risk","answer":"Project Priorisation"},{"question":"What are Information Management in Hospitalss?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is Virtualization?","answer":"We speak of virtualization when, either, one or more physical data processing systems simulate one physical data processing system (cluster), or one physical data processing simulates one or more physical data processing systems (virtual machine)."},{"question":"What is Adaptability of the HIS?","answer":"In general, the hospital information system should be sufficiently flexible to adapt to the changing needs of the hospital. For example, it should be easy to add new computer-based application components to the information system, and application components should be easily replaceable by other (more advanced) application components. A star-based architecture (CP 1 architecture) with a communication server (see Sect. 6.5.1.3 ) supports exchanging or adding of new computer-based application components. Additionally, the available bandwidth of the network infrastructure should be easily extendable to match increasing volume of communication."},{"question":"What is R01?","answer":"R01 describes \u201ccompletion of an examination result\"."},{"question":"Who is Sub-Information System?","answer":"A subset of the components of an information system and the relationships between them. A sub-information system is a subsystem of the overall information system and thus itself an information system."},{"question":"What increases Project Result Representation","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What are Return-on-Investment Studys?","answer":"An economic analysis that describes how much an investment on an information system component pays back in a fixed period of time."},{"question":"What is responsible for Providing Customer-Centered Services","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"Who is Communication Interface?","answer":"Used by application components for communication among themselves. Can either send or receive data about entity types. Part of a communication link."},{"question":"What uses Current State Model","answer":"Preparation and Modeling (Specification)"},{"question":"What part Completion of Project Documentation","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Builds","answer":"Build Component"},{"question":"What part Home of the Patient","answer":"Integrated Care Network"},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-B","answer":"3LGM²-M"},{"question":"Who is Financial Accounting?","answer":"All the hospital\u2019s financial operations have to be systematically recorded to meet legal requirements. Financial accounting comprises, for example, debtor accounting, credit accounting, and asset accounting."},{"question":"Who is Second-Level Support?","answer":"Specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of the specific application components. User support unit addressing information processing problems that cannot be solved by first-level support. It may consist, for example, of specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of specific application components. When the second-level support cannot solve the problems, they are handed over to the third-level support."},{"question":"Who approves Analysis Plan?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is Patient Record Archive?","answer":"The patient record archive describes how and where the electronic or paper-based patient record can be found. The exact location of each record should be known (e.g., in which archive, on which shelf). Robot systems may store and gather paper-based records automatically (see Fig. 6.19 ). Lending and return of records (e.g., for patients coming for multiple visits) have to be organized, while respecting different access rights that depend on the role of the health care professionals in the process of patient care."},{"question":"What is associated with Service Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What are Certifiability of Softwares?","answer":"Is the software product certified? For example, the PACS software is certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"Who is Balance of Data Security and Working Processes?","answer":"A hospital information system should implement strict access control methods to ensure that unauthorized access is impossible. However, this can lead to hindrances in the daily work of the health care professionals."},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Service Design Component","answer":"Logical Service Blueprint"},{"question":"What are Quality of Tactical Information Managements?","answer":"quality of tactical information management (e.g., percentage of successfully completed IT projects)"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Domain Layers?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the domain layer describes what kinds of activities in a health care institution are enabled by its information system and what kind of data should be stored and processed, independent of its implementation. Consequently, the domain layer describes enterprise functions and entity types."},{"question":"What part Planning of Finances","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is Data Warehouse System?","answer":"Application component that contains data which have been extracted from other application components, in order to support either hospital management or clinical research."},{"question":"What are Confidentialitys?","answer":"Clinical data should be kept confidential. For e xample, the diagnoses of a patient are only accessible by the treating health care professionals."},{"question":"What part Health Care Institution","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What part Application System Maintenance","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What is responsible for Change Request Check","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What are T2s?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"What are Qualitative Interviews?","answer":"This comprises all forms of semi- or unstructured interviews that use open questions, thus generating free-text as results."},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Information Processs?","answer":"Logical and chronological sequence of enterprise functions which interpret or update data about entities. Different from business processes, information processes do not contain the conditions under which enterprise functions are performed."},{"question":"What updates 3LGM² Entity Type","answer":"3LGM² Enterprise Function"},{"question":"What part Go-Live","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What is Operational HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring deals with caring for the verification of the proper working and effectiveness of components of the hospital information system"},{"question":"What part Quality of Processes","answer":"Quality"},{"question":"What is involved in Knowledge Management","answer":"Competence"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Intralayer Relationship","answer":"3LGM²"},{"question":"What is Leanness of Information Processing Tools?","answer":"for each process, there should be all the tools necessary but as few as possible. For a given task, from the point of view of the user, there should be as many different information processing tools as necessary, but as few as possible."},{"question":"What part Nursing Anamnesis","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What is associated with IT deployment","answer":"Corporate Governance of IT"},{"question":"What are HIS Benchmarkings?","answer":"Comparison of HIS quality with other organizations in order to find best practices. Benchmarking in general describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to a given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria such as costs, quality of structures, quality of processes, or quality of outcome. In strategic hospital management, benchmarking is seen as an important approach to assess a hospital\u2019s performance. Benchmarking is often seen part of a continuous quality improvement process, in which organizations measure and then steadily improve their performance."},{"question":"Who is Balance of Documentation Quality and Documentation Efforts?","answer":"Thus, information management carefully has to balance the amount of documentation that is really needed for the various purposes, and the effort that health care professionals have to invest."},{"question":"What uses Information System Model","answer":"Tactical Information Management"},{"question":"What supports Financial Accounting","answer":"ERP System"},{"question":"What are Patient Identifications?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. To determine and record a patient's identity. As a result of patient identification, a unique patient identification number (PIN) is assigned."},{"question":"Who is responsible for System Analysis Planning?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is responsible for First-Level Support?","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"What is Laundry?","answer":"Is scrubs, linen, etc."},{"question":"What are V1 Styles?","answer":"We denote a homogenous (sub-)HIS, that is, a (sub-)HIS with software from only one vendor as \u201cV 1.\u201d"},{"question":"What supports Access Control","answer":"Access Control System"},{"question":"What are ISO TR 22221s?","answer":"There is an ISO standard (ISO TR 22221) on \u201cGood principles and practices for a clinical data warehouse (CDW)\u201d which provides implementation guidance for data warehouses in a HIS."},{"question":"What competency (availability) Proposal Component","answer":"Labor Management"},{"question":"What uses Cost Comparison","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What is Project Plan?","answer":"This plan has to describe the project's subject and motivation, the problems to be solved, the goals to be achieved, the tasks to be performed, and the activities to be undertaken to reach the goals."},{"question":"Who is Component Alignment Model?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What are Monitorings?","answer":"Assessing the development and operation of a hospital information system with respect to the planned objectives. Monitoring in strategic information management means continually auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals. Monitoring in tactical information management means continually checking whether initiated projects are running as planned, and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring in operational information management means verifying the proper working and effectiveness of all components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What uses Measuring Instrument","answer":"measuring"},{"question":"What is Patient Administration System?","answer":"Application component supporting patient administration."},{"question":"What is Software Ergonomics?","answer":"Comprises suitability for a task, suitability for learning, suitability for individualization, conformity with user expectations, self-descriptiveness, controllability, and error tolerance of a software product."},{"question":"Who is Operational Information Management?","answer":"Operational information management , finally, is responsible for operating the components of the information system"},{"question":"What part Project Documentation","answer":"Project Organization"},{"question":"What key Data Object Catalog Composition Component","answer":"Service Catalog Entry"},{"question":"What is responsible for Interface Management","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What is Classification of Diagnoses?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)"},{"question":"Who is Clinical Documentation?","answer":"Documentation in clinical environment. Recording all clinically relevant patient data that arise during patient care as completely, correctly, and quickly as possible. This supports the coordination of patient treatment between all involved health care professionals, and also the legal justification of the actions taken. Structured documentation of data is a precondition for data aggregation and statistics, computerized decision support, and retrieval of data. Is supported by medical documentation systems and nursing management and documentation systems. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"Who is Completeness?","answer":"Describes whether data are sufficiently complete for a given purpose. For example, administrative data on a patient should be complete to allow patient identification."},{"question":"Who is Adaptability of the HIS?","answer":"In general, the hospital information system should be sufficiently flexible to adapt to the changing needs of the hospital. For example, it should be easy to add new computer-based application components to the information system, and application components should be easily replaceable by other (more advanced) application components. A star-based architecture (CP 1 architecture) with a communication server (see Sect. 6.5.1.3 ) supports exchanging or adding of new computer-based application components. Additionally, the available bandwidth of the network infrastructure should be easily extendable to match increasing volume of communication."},{"question":"What is Business Process Model?","answer":"Model focusing on the dynamic view of information processing. Concepts typically offered are activities and their chronological and logical order. Often, other concepts can be added, such as the role or organizational unit that performs an activity, or the information processing tools that are used. Because of the number of different perspectives, various business process metamodels exist, such as simple process chains, eventdriven process chains, activity diagrams, and Petri nets."},{"question":"What is based on Corporate Culture","answer":"innovation ability"},{"question":"What are Media Cracks?","answer":"Change of the storage media during the transcription of data."},{"question":"What are Data Models?","answer":"Data models describe the data processed and stored in an information system. Model describing the data processed and stored in an information system. Concepts typically offered are entity types and their relationships. A typical metamodel for data modeling is offered by the class diagrams in the Unified Modeling Language (UML)."},{"question":"Who is Accuracy?","answer":"Describes that data should be free from mistakes. For example, patient laboratory findings are free of measurement or transcription errors."},{"question":"What part Hospital Information System","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What updates Stakeholder","answer":"Execution of a Stakeholder Analysis"},{"question":"What uses Evaluation Plan","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What approves Schedule for Elicitation","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"What are Project Executions?","answer":"deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects. Such tactical information management projects are initiated by strategic information management."},{"question":"What are Time-Motion Analysiss?","answer":"The time-motion analysis is based on trained observers that measure the duration of observed events (e.g., tasks) while using a predefined list of event categories"},{"question":"Who is Teleradiology?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists' remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS."},{"question":"What is Tactical HIS Planning?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What updates Description Function of an Architecture","answer":"procedural model"},{"question":"What supports Medical and Nursing Care Planning","answer":"Nursing Management and Documentation System"},{"question":"What part Home Care Institution","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What supports Order Entry","answer":"Computerized Physician Order Entry System"},{"question":"What uses Patient Record","answer":"Archiving of Patient Information"},{"question":"What uses Method of Project Execution","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"Who is Diagnosis?","answer":"Is the identified cause or nature of a disease or medical condition"},{"question":"What updates Progress Document","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What are Database Servers?","answer":"Servers can run databases"},{"question":"What updates Project Portfolio","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What uses Introduction Strategy","answer":"Definition of Introduction Strategy"},{"question":"What part Description of the Planned HIS State","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What part QM","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What are Remote Procedure Calls?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What part Implementation Concept","answer":"Bid"},{"question":"What part SAP Material Management","answer":"SAPERP"},{"question":"What is Communication Interface?","answer":"Used by application components for communication among themselves. Can either send or receive data about entity types. Part of a communication link."},{"question":"Who is involved in Controlling?","answer":"Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is responsible for User Support Concept","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What is involved in Tendering","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What part Controlling","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What part Structural Plan","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What is Personal Health Record?","answer":"A patient-owned electronic health record, with the patient perceived as the primary owner of his/her data."},{"question":"What part Planning of System Assessment","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What is Notification?","answer":"Is the obligation hospitals have to inform the local health authority if a notifiable infection or disease such as HIV, hepatitis, or anthrax occurred"},{"question":"What part Logical Tool Layer","answer":"Three Layer Graph-Based Metamodel"},{"question":"What updates 3LGM² Model","answer":"Enterprise Modelling"},{"question":"What increases Efficiency","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"Who is Pharmacy Information System?","answer":"Supports the workfl ow in the pharmacy department: receiving drug orders , managing the drug stock, distributing drugs throughout the hospital"},{"question":"What uses Project Plan","answer":"Tactical HIS Directing"},{"question":"Who is involved in Definition of Project Goals?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is involved in Tender Opening","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What uses capability maturity model","answer":"COBIT Function"},{"question":"Who is Human Resource?","answer":"Is a person working in the hospital, i.e., a doctor, nurse, administrative staff member, IT staff member, etc."},{"question":"What part Knowledge Acquisition","answer":"Bausteine des Wissensmanagement"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Conflict Management?","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What are usable physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, a mobile tool allows easy data entry by a touch screen."},{"question":"Who is Quality of Outcome?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care, that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"What supports Creation Of Source Code","answer":"Source Control Component"},{"question":"What is Component Alignment Model?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What is involved in Verification (Specification)","answer":"User"},{"question":"What part Hospital Cost","answer":"Hospital Budget"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Member?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Execution of Verification Meeting","answer":"Verification (System Analysis)"},{"question":"What decreases information overload","answer":"cognition"},{"question":"What part User Administration","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What part Medication","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What are Health Care Professionals?","answer":"Is one who treats, according to his or her specialization (e.g., nephrology or pediatrics), patients with certain diagnoses. Examples are physicians and nurses. Staff member directly contributing to patient care, such as a physician or nurse."},{"question":"What part Incident Analysis","answer":"First-Level Support"},{"question":"What are Nursing Procedures?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a nurse, e.g., taking blood, taking the temperature"},{"question":"Who role component chief information officer?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What part Project Plan","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What part blanket agreement","answer":"contract"},{"question":"What part Tactical HIS Monitoring","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What updates Analysis Report","answer":"Analysis Report Creation"},{"question":"What part Execution of Final Report Presentation","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What are European Norm 1613s?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What updates Administrative Guideline","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"Who is Balance of Homegeneity and Heterogeneity?","answer":"The collection of information processing tools (both on the logical and on the physical tool layer) should be as homogeneous (i.e., comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor) as possible and as heterogeneous as necessary. In general, a homogeneous set of information processing tools makes training and support of users easier and thus leads to reduced costs for the HIS."},{"question":"What increases Quality of Data","answer":"Data Integration"},{"question":"What part target planning","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What part Verification (Specification)","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What uses Patient Care Entity Type","answer":"Administrative Discharge and Billing"},{"question":"What part Digital Image","answer":"Patient Record"},{"question":"What increases soft skills","answer":"motivation"},{"question":"What uses Checklist for Project Review","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"What is Server Cluster?","answer":"Server clusters are coupled servers."},{"question":"What part Diagnosis Class","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part Information Acquisition Methods Section","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What updates Application System Interface","answer":"Technical Preparation"},{"question":"What uses Data System","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What are Health Information Systems?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What updates Stop or Go Decision","answer":"Roll Out"},{"question":"What part Patient Identification and Checking for Recurrent","answer":"Patient Administration"},{"question":"What part Lückenanalyse","answer":"action planning"},{"question":"What updates Quality Report","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"What are Long Term Archivings?","answer":"After the discharge of the patient , patient records must be archived for a long time (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on the legal regulations). The archive must offer enough space to allow the long-term storage of patient records. Their authenticity and correctness can be proven more easily, for example, in case of legal action, when they are archived in accordance with legal regulations."},{"question":"What is Strategic Information Management Goal?","answer":"Based on a description of the hospital\u201fs strategic goals (e.g., presented in a mission statement), the strategic information management goals should be derived using the method of strategic alignment. (chapter 9.4) The challenge of information management is to keep the balance between the different - and possible contradicting- goals of the hospital. (chapter 8.5)"},{"question":"What is Monolithic Style?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"Who is class?","answer":"def"},{"question":"What is responsible for Functional Specification Document","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Accepting a Project Order?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What updates Jour Fixe","answer":"Project Team Leading"},{"question":"What supports Research and Education","answer":"Data Warehouse System"},{"question":"Who is Event Counting Study?","answer":"Event counting comprises observations of clinical situations or processes or analysis of available data (e.g., log fi les), counting the number of events that occur in a given time period."},{"question":"What updates Project Rule","answer":"Execution of a Kick-Off-Meeting"},{"question":"What are Services?","answer":"A feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components. Services of similar type can be summarized in a service class."},{"question":"What part Staff Controlling","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What uses Objective","answer":"Rationalization"},{"question":"What is Ring?","answer":"Every physical data processing system has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. Finally the physical data processing systems are interconnected to form a ring. Data are passed from one system to the other in the same direction (either \u201cclockwise\u201d or \u201ccounterclockwise\u201d) as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"What part Formulation of a Project Idea","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What uses Consumer Resource Life Cycle","answer":"Situation Analysis"},{"question":"Who is R01?","answer":"R01 describes \u201ccompletion of an examination result\"."},{"question":"Who is Balance of Functional Leanness and Functional Redundancy?","answer":"Functional leanness describes a situation where one hospital function is supported by one and only one application component; the opposite is functional redundancy (see also Sect. 8.7.4 ), which results in additional costs both for investment and maintenance."},{"question":"What part UML Association","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"Who is Patient Transport?","answer":"Comprises information about where a patient has been or where and how he or she is to be transported there"},{"question":"Who is Means of Transport?","answer":"Comprises information about all means of transport , e.g., stretcher, ambulance, fl ying ambulance"},{"question":"What updates Net Plan","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"Who is Data?","answer":"Reinterpretable representation of information or knowledge in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or machines. Formalization may take the form of discrete characters or of continuous signals (e.g., sound signals). To be reinterpretable, there have to be agreements on how data represent information.335"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-B?","answer":"3LGM²-B, which is the basis for 3LGM²-M and 3LGM²-S, consists of concepts describing b asic elements of a HIS architecture."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Risk Analysis?","answer":"Risk Manager"},{"question":"What updates Service Level Agreement","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What are User Surveys?","answer":"Quantitative analysis of user satisfaction with an application component."},{"question":"What is involved in Evaluation Planning","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What part Procedure Class","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part Milestone","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What are Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"Who is CPOE?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What are Laundrys?","answer":"Is scrubs, linen, etc."},{"question":"What part Work Package","answer":"Critical Path"},{"question":"Who is PACS?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"What is involved in Preparation and Modeling","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is Software Quality?","answer":"Functionality, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, portability, and usability of a software product."},{"question":"What decreases Costs","answer":"value delivery"},{"question":"What part Continuous HIS Auditing","answer":"Permanent Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is Procedure Class?","answer":"Is an aggregation of procedures with similar properties"},{"question":"What updates Commissioned Assessment","answer":"Execution of Product Presentation"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Function?","answer":"Task Bearer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Monitoring","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What part Tactical Information Management","answer":"Tactical HIS Directing"},{"question":"What updates Medical Procedure","answer":"Medical and Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Defining and Scheduling Milestones?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Use?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with a function over the class \"use\" is immediately used for supporting the activities regarding an enterprise function"},{"question":"Who is Teleradiology System?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists\u2019 remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS"},{"question":"What is Order?","answer":"Is a request for a diagnostic, therapeutic, or drug service, e.g., a laboratory order or a radiological order."},{"question":"Who is Room?","answer":"Is an operating room (OR), doctor\u2019s office, or waiting room"},{"question":"What uses Project Schedule","answer":"Resource Planning"},{"question":"What is involved in Result Verification","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What are Technical Metamodels?","answer":"technical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools usedtechnical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools used"},{"question":"What is ICD10?","answer":"An example for a system of concepts in medicine is the International Classification of Diagnoses (ICD, currently most prevalent in version 10). For more information: World Health Organization (WHO): Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/whosis/icd10."},{"question":"What is Third-Party Fund?","answer":"Is a fund of external institutions financing certain projects"},{"question":"What are Cost-Effectiveness Analysiss?","answer":"An  economic  analysis  to  compare  the  costs  and  consequences of an information system component. It does not require that all important effects and benefi ts are expressed in monetary terms. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It does not require that all important effects be expressed in monetary terms."},{"question":"Who is standardized physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, all computer-based physical tools follow predefined standards for technical interfaces"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Planning?","answer":"Department Manager"},{"question":"Who is Atomicity?","answer":"Atomicity guarantees that either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are."},{"question":"Who is Bed Occupation?","answer":"The hospital management must always have an overview of the recent bed occupation, i.e., about the patients\u2019 staying at the hospital. This is, for example, important for the clerks at the information desk, who must be able to inform relatives and visitors correctly, and also for some general hospital management statistics (e.g. number of provided beds and beds actually used). [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What uses creativity technique","answer":"Knowledge Development"},{"question":"Who is Database Server?","answer":"Servers can run databases"},{"question":"Who is involved in Function?","answer":"Task Bearer"},{"question":"What updates Assessment Report","answer":"Analysis Report Creation"},{"question":"What is Health Care Regulation?","answer":"Is a regulation or law to be observed by health care institutions (see examples in Sect. 8.4.3)"},{"question":"What is based on Organization Chart","answer":"Organizational View"},{"question":"What is based on Target System","answer":"target architecture"},{"question":"What uses reference model","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"What is associated with Portfolio Demand Component","answer":"Portfolio Backlog Item"},{"question":"What are Healthcare Services Specification Projects?","answer":"In 2005 the Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP) was initiated as a joint initiative between the Health Level 7 (HL7) organization and the Object Management Group (OMG). Up to now the project defined functional specifications through HL7 for four services: the decision support service; the entity identification service; the clinical research filtered query service; and the retrieve, locate, and update service. Technical specifications and commercial implementations have been developed as well within OMG."},{"question":"What is associated with Master Application Component","answer":"Asynchronous Communication"},{"question":"What uses Polarity Profile","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What part Creation of Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Life Cycle Management of Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What uses competative strategy","answer":"business-IT-alignment"},{"question":"What part Scope of Maintenance","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What supports Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment","answer":"Outpatient Management System"},{"question":"What are RFCs?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What uses Eligibility Criterion","answer":"Tender Vetting"},{"question":"What is responsible for Outpatient","answer":"Outpatient Unit"},{"question":"What uses Physical Data Processing System","answer":"Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"Who is Classification of Procedures?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Procedures in Medicine (ICPM)"},{"question":"What is associated with Quality of Patient Care","answer":"HIS Quality"},{"question":"What are Organizational Systems?","answer":"A non-computer-based application Component."},{"question":"What part Patient Discharge and Transfer to Other Institutions","answer":"Patient Care"},{"question":"What part Patient\u2019s Relatives","answer":"Administrative Data"},{"question":"What uses Function","answer":"task analysis"},{"question":"What part Interface Management","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"Who is Project Execution?","answer":"deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects. Such tactical information management projects are initiated by strategic information management."},{"question":"What is associated with Patient Link","answer":"Clinical Context\nObject Workgroup Standard"},{"question":"What is responsible for Organizational Unit","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for Execution of Product Presentation","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is Management of Information Systems?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"What uses Legal Regulation","answer":"Definition of Target Value"},{"question":"What are Case Mix Indexs?","answer":"The CMI is calculated from the patients\u2019 DRGs."},{"question":"What updates EN1613","answer":"Standardization by CEN"},{"question":"What is associated with SMART","answer":"Project Goal"},{"question":"What part Content Review","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"Who is Tan\u2019s Critical Success Factor Approach?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"What part System Analysis and Assessment","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Application Component","answer":"3LGM² Logical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What is associated with Performance","answer":"Performance Potential"},{"question":"What is Information Management?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"What uses SWOT Analysis","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What approves Specification Plan","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What approves Evaluation Report","answer":"Study Director"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Second-Level Support?","answer":"Supervisor"},{"question":"Who is Client?","answer":"Clients are all data processing tools that are immediately available to the various user groups within a hospital"},{"question":"What part Maintenance of Decentralized Technical Components","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What are CAMs?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What part Catering","answer":"Supply and Disposal Management"},{"question":"What is Order Entry?","answer":"Process of entering and transmitting a clinical order to a specialized diagnostic or therapeutic service unit (e.g., lab, radiology, surgery) or to another health care professional. The available service spectrum offered by a service unit may be presented in the form of catalogs."},{"question":"Who role component Sponsor?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Maintenance Contract?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Domain Layer","answer":"Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel"},{"question":"What uses Strategic HIS Monitoring Result","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What increases Benefit","answer":"value delivery"},{"question":"What are Outpatient Management Systems?","answer":"The outpatient management system is comparable to the medical documentation system.Application Component for outpatient units, supporting, among others, appointment scheduling, medical documentation, work organization, and billing."},{"question":"What updates Critical Path","answer":"Critical Path Calculation"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Interview?","answer":"Interviewer"},{"question":"What uses Scenario","answer":"Execution of Product Presentation"},{"question":"What increases Val IT domain","answer":"Val IT process or key management practice"},{"question":"Who is ICD10?","answer":"An example for a system of concepts in medicine is the International Classification of Diagnoses (ICD, currently most prevalent in version 10). For more information: World Health Organization (WHO): Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/whosis/icd10."},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Entity Types?","answer":"An entity type is a representation of 1. an object class and of 2. the data representing information concerning the objects of this object class, if these data are stored or could or should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"What is RIS?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Work?","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is based on process orientation","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Controlling","answer":"Lückenanalyse"},{"question":"Who is Strategic Information Management Goal?","answer":"Based on a description of the hospital\u201fs strategic goals (e.g., presented in a mission statement), the strategic information management goals should be derived using the method of strategic alignment. (chapter 9.4) The challenge of information management is to keep the balance between the different - and possible contradicting- goals of the hospital. (chapter 8.5)"},{"question":"What is Strategic HIS Planning?","answer":"The planning activities of strategic information management result in a specific strategic information management plan. This plan includes the direction and strategy of information management and gives directives for the construction and development of the hospital information system by describing its intended architecture."},{"question":"What updates Case","answer":"Patient Admission"},{"question":"What updates Authorization Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is Ring?","answer":"Every physical data processing system has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. Finally the physical data processing systems are interconnected to form a ring. Data are passed from one system to the other in the same direction (either \u201cclockwise\u201d or \u201ccounterclockwise\u201d) as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"What is associated with HIS Quality","answer":"Evaluation Method"},{"question":"What is class?","answer":"def"},{"question":"Who is Heterogeneous Architecture?","answer":"diverse software products from different manufacturers lead to very heterogeneous (DB  n  , AC  n  , V  n  ) architectures. At the physical tool layer, heterogeneity is often the consequence of the evolution of the HIS, comprising different generations of computer systems."},{"question":"What are Server Clusters?","answer":"Server clusters are coupled servers."},{"question":"What is Deductive Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforhand."},{"question":"What is Patient-Centered Information Processing?","answer":"Information processing, therefore, should center on the patient (not on the institution)"},{"question":"What updates Information Acquisition Result","answer":"Information Acquisition"},{"question":"What part System Evaluation","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What is based on XML","answer":"HL7 Version 3 Message"},{"question":"What is involved in Maintenance of Application Systems","answer":"Key User"},{"question":"Who is responsible for management of electronic health records?","answer":"neutral independent health bank actor"},{"question":"What part Tender Structure","answer":"Tender Arrangement"},{"question":"What is Patient Transport?","answer":"Comprises information about where a patient has been or where and how he or she is to be transported there"},{"question":"What part business-IT-alignment","answer":"Development of IT-Strategy"},{"question":"What is DBn Style?","answer":"Several application components store data about certain entity types persistently and contain their own databases"},{"question":"What is involved in Conflict Management","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is Facility and Area?","answer":"Lists and describes the facilities of the hospital"},{"question":"Who is Terminal Server?","answer":"run the front-end part of application software, which traditionally has been implemented on and run by clients."},{"question":"What updates Standardization Degree of Answer","answer":"Preparation of Questionnaire"},{"question":"What are Adaptabilitys?","answer":"Can a software product be easily adapted to the working context? For example, functionality of a RIS software can be adapted to the particular workflow in a specific radiology."},{"question":"What are ACIDs?","answer":"Transaction management guarantees 'C'onsistency of data by 'A'tomicity, 'I'solation and 'D'urability of any transaction (ACID conditions)."},{"question":"What are NICs?","answer":"NIC=Nursing Interventions Classification"},{"question":"What are Balance of Documentation Quality and Documentation Effortss?","answer":"Thus, information management carefully has to balance the amount of documentation that is really needed for the various purposes, and the effort that health care professionals have to invest."},{"question":"What is associated with DB1 Style","answer":"AC1 Style"},{"question":"Who approves Final Report?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is Functional Model?","answer":"Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them.Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them. Model representing what is to be done in an institution (e.g., a hospital). Concepts typically offered comprise the enterprise functions that are supported by the application components of a health information system. Functional models describe what is to be done."},{"question":"What part Data Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What is Balanced Network?","answer":"Balanced networks show medium degrees of centrality and intensity."},{"question":"What is Maturity?","answer":"Is the software product free of errors? For example, a RIS runs after installation immediately and durably without relevant errors."},{"question":"What supports Radiotherapy","answer":"RIS"},{"question":"What updates Earliest Project End Date","answer":"Critical Path Calculation"},{"question":"What are Tactical HIS Monitorings?","answer":"Monitoring means continually checking whether the initiated projects are running as planned and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring results infl uence project planning, as a project\u2019s plan may be updated or changed according to the results of the project\u2019s monitoring in a given situation"},{"question":"Who is available physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, computers are available both in the ward office and at the patient\u2019s bedside."},{"question":"What updates Information Acquisition Method","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What uses Architecture of an Information System","answer":"Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What part Time","answer":"Project Management Triangle"},{"question":"What part Quality of HIS Processes","answer":"HIS Quality"},{"question":"What is Finding?","answer":"Summarizes the results of diagnostic procedures such as lab and x-ray examinations"},{"question":"What part Application Server","answer":"2-tier Architecture"},{"question":"What part Process Controlling","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What is responsible for CISO","answer":"CISO"},{"question":"What updates information infrastructure","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What is based on Production Factor","answer":"Business Model"},{"question":"What is associated with Heterogeneity of the HIS Architecture","answer":"Application Component"},{"question":"What is associated with Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants","answer":"Continuous Auditing"},{"question":"What updates Evaluation Criterion","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What uses Structural Plan","answer":"Project Plan Approval"},{"question":"What is based on information management model","answer":"Information Management Concept"},{"question":"What part strategic IT monitoring","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What increases Performance Potential","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Manager?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is User Survey?","answer":"Quantitative analysis of user satisfaction with an application component."},{"question":"What part Ad Hoc Monitoring","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What are UML Classs?","answer":"Classes contain the attributes and methods of a set of similar entities."},{"question":"What updates Notification","answer":"DRG"},{"question":"Who is Organizational Metamodel?","answer":"organizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HISorganizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HIS"},{"question":"What updates Diagnosis","answer":"Decision Making and Patient Information"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Controlling?","answer":"Chief Financial Officer"},{"question":"What are Informations?","answer":"Information is a specific determination about entities such as facts, events, things, persons, processes, ideas, or concepts."},{"question":"Who role component Vendor?","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What key Functional Component Strategy To Portfolio","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"What uses Diagnosis Class","answer":"Hospital Billing"},{"question":"What is Information Management Department?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What are Discharge Summarys?","answer":"Shortly summarizes diagnoses , treatment, and recommendations which are necessary for the health care institutions providing further treatment"},{"question":"What is Transaction Management?","answer":"Ensures that every update of data which have been consistent will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"What is involved in Team Formation","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What updates Target value","answer":"Definition of Target Value"},{"question":"What are RISs?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"What uses Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Tactical HIS Directing"},{"question":"What supports Nursing Admission","answer":"Nursing Management and Documentation System"},{"question":"What is ISO/IEEE 11073 Family of Standards?","answer":"The ISO/IEEE 23 family of standards defines a communication protocol for the exchange of bio-signals and vital parameters between various point-of-care devices. Furthermore, the standard enables a dynamic exchange and reconfiguration of devices and remote control, for example, of infusion pumps. The protocol can be used to display data from infusion pumps, respirators, ECG, etc. on patient monitors in the intensive care unit, but also for personal health applications. ISO/IEEE 11073 defines a complete communication protocol stack, with various cabled or wireless options on the lower layer, and a binary encoding optimized for near real-time transmission and small embedded devices on the upper layers, thus enabling a true \u201cplug and play\u201d operation."},{"question":"Who is Opening a Patient Record?","answer":"Administrative admission triggers the opening of a patient record. The patient record may be electronic or paper-based or a mixture of both. For the filing formats of documents standards have to be established and used."},{"question":"What part Rehabilitation Center","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"Who is President of Information Systems?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What part Computer-Based Part of Information System","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What updates Application Component","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What are Homogeneity of the HIS Architectures?","answer":"The homogeneity of the HIS architecture is described by the number of different application Components"},{"question":"What part Chief Financial Officer","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Data Transmission Connection","answer":"3LGM² Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"Who is RPC?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What is involved in Function","answer":"Task Bearer"},{"question":"Who is involved in Tendering?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What are CEOs?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What are Model Patterns?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"Who is involved in Maintenance Contract Release?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What supports Hospital Management","answer":"Business Intelligence System"},{"question":"Who is Chief Executive Officer?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What is associated with Management Task","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for DICOM Standard","answer":"International DICOM Committee"},{"question":"What is associated with Human Resource","answer":"Hospital Staff"},{"question":"What part Study Conduct Section","answer":"Evaluation Report"},{"question":"Who is Multiple Usability of Data?","answer":"To avoid duplicate data entry, which is inefficient and prone to error, data should be recorded only once, even when they are stored in different databases. Condition where data are captured once but used for more than one task. A prerequisite is data integration. Multiple usability of data is one important benefit computer support can bring to health information systems."},{"question":"What uses Medical Device","answer":"Management of Medical Devices"},{"question":"What part Description of Current State","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"What part Definition of Target Value","answer":"Planning of System Assessment"},{"question":"What homonym Management of Information Systems","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What updates Protocol of Exploratory Discussion","answer":"Exploratory Discussion"},{"question":"What is associated with DBn Style","answer":"Best-of-Breed-Architecture"},{"question":"What are Physical Tool Layers?","answer":"A set of physical data processing systems in the 3LGM² that are physically connected via data transmission connections."},{"question":"What updates Study Result","answer":"Execution of an IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What supports Work Organization and Time Management","answer":"RIS"},{"question":"What is associated with Document Standard","answer":"Document Archiving System"},{"question":"What is responsible for Accepting a Project Order","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"Who is 1-tier Architecture?","answer":"1-tier architectures are architectures with one centralized physical data processing system (denoted as \u201cT 1 \u201d)."},{"question":"What part Strategic Goal of the Institution","answer":"Business Strategy"},{"question":"Who is Application?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What uses Written Presentation","answer":"Decision and Contract Conclusion"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Plan Approval","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is responsible for Stability of Application Components","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"Who is Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"What supports Transinstitutional Health Care Function","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What is associated with measuring technique","answer":"SLA"},{"question":"What are Department of Information managements?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What part Product Adaptation","answer":"Preparation of System Introduction"},{"question":"What part Project","answer":"Program"},{"question":"What supports Creation Of Builds","answer":"Build Component"},{"question":"What part Durability","answer":"ACID"},{"question":"What part Project Manager Data","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What uses Service Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What is Taxononmy of Architecture at the Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"What supports Administrative Discharge and Billing","answer":"Patient Administration System"},{"question":"What part Subsequent Cost Management","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"What are Computer Systems?","answer":"A computer-based physical data processing tool, for example, a terminal, server, or personal computer. Computer systems can be physically connected via data wires, leading to physical networks."},{"question":"What is Data Warehouse System?","answer":"Application component that contains data which have been extracted from other application components, in order to support either hospital management or clinical research."},{"question":"Who is Communication Standard?","answer":"Describes how messages of a certain data format are communicated when an event occurs. Within health information systems, well-known examples are HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"Who is associated with Project Organization?","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What supports Teleradiology","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What key Data Object Problem Component","answer":"Problem/Known Error"},{"question":"What part Staff Cost","answer":"Annual Hospital Operating Cost"},{"question":"What updates Patient Record Archive","answer":"Long Term Archiving"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Gap","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What are SWOT Analysiss?","answer":"Quantitative  and/or  qualitative  analysis  of  the  most  significant strengths (positive features), weaknesses (negative features), opportunities (potential strengths), and threats (potential weaknesses) that characterize an information system. component."},{"question":"Who is Suitability for Individualization?","answer":"Can the user interface be adapted to the tasks and to the individual skills and needs of the user?"},{"question":"What part Strategic Hospital Goal","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What part IHE Transaction","answer":"IHE Integration Profile"},{"question":"What is associated with Document Archiving System","answer":"1999/93/EG"},{"question":"What part Project Review Preparation Section","answer":"Checklist for Project Review"},{"question":"Who is Material?","answer":"Is medical strip, bandage, needle, etc."},{"question":"What updates Corporate Strategy","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"What are Information and Knowledge Logisticss?","answer":"To make available the right information and knowledge at the right time, at the right place, to the right people, in the right form, so that people can make the right decisions."},{"question":"What uses Patient Transport","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Software Product?","answer":"A software product is a set of rules, represented by software being stored at a certain medium but not implemented and actually executable yet."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Final Report?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Information System Modeling?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is associated with Chief Executive Officer?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is associated with Gantt Chart","answer":"Gantt Chart Analysis"},{"question":"What part User Support","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What part Requirement","answer":"Functional Specification Document"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Team Leading?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Use?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with a function over the class \"use\" is immediately used for supporting the activities regarding an enterprise function"},{"question":"What updates Administrative Patient Data","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What updates Cost Item","answer":"Cost Management"},{"question":"Who is Storage Area Network?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What is responsible for Computing Center","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What are Enterprise Functions?","answer":"An enterprise function describes what acting human or machines have to do in a certain enterprise to contribute to its mission and goals. Enterprise functions are ongoing and continuous. They describe what is to be done, not how it is done. The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (for short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"What is associated with Transinstitutional Health Information System","answer":"Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Supports?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with the class \"function\" only mediates the use of another computer-based application component which supports the enterprise function"},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Entity Type","answer":"3LGM² Communication Link"},{"question":"What is based on innovation ability","answer":"Success Potential"},{"question":"What is Physical Data Processing System?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"What is responsible for Management of Information Systems","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is Client-Server Architecture?","answer":"Architectural style at the physical tool layer, comprising various servers and clients, interconnected by a network. The server offers services that can be accessed by the workstations as clients."},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Organizational Unit","answer":"3LGM² Domain Layer"},{"question":"What is Diagnosis Class?","answer":"Is an aggregation of diagnoses with similar properties"},{"question":"What are Master Patient Indexs?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"Who approves Project Definition?","answer":"Department Manager Project and Process Management"},{"question":"What part Project Initiation Document","answer":"Project Document"},{"question":"What part Project Directing","answer":"Project Management"},{"question":"What uses BPflV","answer":"Financing of Health Care"},{"question":"What are Features?","answer":"A functionality offered by a software product which directly contributes to the fulfillment of one or more enterprise functions"},{"question":"What scope Agreement Project Component","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What uses KHRG","answer":"Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management"},{"question":"What is Presentation Integration?","answer":"Presentation integration is guaranteed when different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way. Condition of an information system where different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way."},{"question":"What is Quality?","answer":"The ability to meet all the expectations of the purchaser of goods or services, or in other words, as the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements, where \u201crequirements\u201d means need or expectation. Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. We can typically distinguish three major approaches to quality assessment: quality of structures, quality of processes, and quality of outcome."},{"question":"Who is Orthopedics Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an orthopedics department, can include a computer-aided design (CAD) system for transplant planning"},{"question":"What part Systematic Work Package Dependency Determination","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What is responsible for Performance of Application Components","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What part Information Acquisition (Evaluation)","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What uses Legacy Data Transfer","answer":"Technical Preparation"},{"question":"What part Updating the Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Life Cycle Management of Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What is associated with Physician","answer":"Patient"},{"question":"What uses Data Modeling Method","answer":"Data Modeling"},{"question":"What is associated with Strategic Information Management Goal","answer":"Quality of HIS Outcome"},{"question":"What part Requirements Profile","answer":"job description"},{"question":"What is Feature?","answer":"A functionality offered by a software product which directly contributes to the fulfillment of one or more enterprise functions"},{"question":"What are Diagnosis Classs?","answer":"Is an aggregation of diagnoses with similar properties"},{"question":"What is responsible for Invoice Release","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What is based on Technical Metamodel","answer":"Technical Model"},{"question":"What uses Complete Survey","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What is Business Process?","answer":"Sequence of enterprise (sub-)functions together with the conditions under which they are invoked, in order to achieve an enterprise goal. While enterprise functions concentrate on the \u201cwhat,\u201d business processes focus on the \u201chow\u201d of activities."},{"question":"What part software architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What part Social History","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part Discussion of the Results","answer":"Evaluation Report"},{"question":"What are Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Proceduress?","answer":"The planned diagnostic, therapeutic, or nursing procedures (such as operations, radiotherapy, radiological examinations, medication) must be executed."},{"question":"What part Social Contact","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What updates Data Protection Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Task Profile","answer":"Job Description"},{"question":"Who is Benchmarking?","answer":"Describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria (key performance indicators). Method of strategic monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is Patient Administration?","answer":"Patient administration comprises the administrative tasks in a hospital dealing more or less immediately with patients. Hospital function comprising patient admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT), and billing. A patient-related (not only case-related) patient administration can be regarded as the center of the memory of a hospital information system."},{"question":"Who is Availability of the Application Component?","answer":"down times per year"},{"question":"What is responsible for Nursing Procedure","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"Who is multifunctional physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a personal computer or a mobile tool can be used for more than one task."},{"question":"What is based on innovative thinking","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What is based on Corporate Strategy","answer":"Business Model"},{"question":"What uses Level of Target Achievement","answer":"Spider Chart Creation"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Medical and Nursing Care Planning?","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"What updates Analysis Plan","answer":"Planning of System Assessment"},{"question":"What is Functional Redundancy?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by more than one application component. The opposite is functional leanness."},{"question":"What is involved in Medical and Nursing Care Planning","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What part Reference Model","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"What is flexible physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools used on a ward can be updated with new memory easily."},{"question":"What is Referential Integrity?","answer":"Correct assignment of entities, for example the assignment of cases to a certain patient, or of results to a case. A precondition is object identity. Referential integrity is an important condition for integrity within health information systems."},{"question":"What is 3-tier Architecture?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"Who is Decision Support System?","answer":"A knowledge-based system which assists a doctor in finding the right diagnosis or treatment for a specific patient"},{"question":"Who is Project?","answer":"Is a unique undertaking that is characterized by management by objectives, by restrictions with regard to available time and resources, and by a specific project organization (DIN 69901)"},{"question":"What part Past Medical History","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What entity Relationship Requirement","answer":"Policy"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-S Invoking Interface?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"Who is Information Processing Tool?","answer":"An application component or a physical data processing system. Can be either computer-based or non-computer-based (e.g., paper-based)."},{"question":"What are HIS Infrastructures?","answer":"The set of all physical data processing systems in a health care institution is called the infrastructure of its HIS. This infrastructure can be described by the overall number of physical data processing systems, by the average number of physical data processing systems per unit (e.g., two personal computers and one laptop per ward), or per staff member."},{"question":"What are Maturitys?","answer":"Is the software product free of errors? For example, a RIS runs after installation immediately and durably without relevant errors."},{"question":"What part Migration Path","answer":"Target Concept"},{"question":"What uses Clinical Trial","answer":"Execution of Clinical Trials and Experiments"},{"question":"What part Performing Phase","answer":"Team Formation"},{"question":"What part Procedure","answer":"Procedure Class"},{"question":"What updates Transfer","answer":"Medical Discharge and Medical Report Writing"},{"question":"What uses Approval to a Study","answer":"First Study Design"},{"question":"What are Qualitative Evaluation Methods?","answer":"Qualitative methods deal with qualitative data, that is, with text and any other non-number data. Qualitative data can describe individual situations and contexts in detail"},{"question":"What part Norming Phase","answer":"Team Formation"},{"question":"Who is Quality of HIS Outcome?","answer":"Whether the goals of information management have been reached, or, in a broader sense, to what extent a hospital information system contributed to the goals of the hospital and to the expectations of different stakeholders, and how it fulfils information management laws."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Interlayer Relationship?","answer":"Dependencies among components of different layers in the 3LGM². Relationships exist between concepts at the domain layer and the logical tool layer and between concepts at the logical tool layer and the physical tool layer."},{"question":"What part situation analysis","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What is Software Product?","answer":"An acquired or self-developed piece of software that is complete in itself and that can be installed on a computer system. Controls computer-based application components."},{"question":"What updates Inpatient EHR Certification","answer":"Certification by CCHIT"},{"question":"What part Quality of Structures","answer":"Quality"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Providing Customer-Centered Services?","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"Who is Computer-Based Application Component?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What part Administrative Information Management Task","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What part Project Review Planning Section","answer":"Checklist for Project Review"},{"question":"What part Wound Care","answer":"Nursing Report"},{"question":"What communicates with Patient Data Management System","answer":"Laboratory Information System"},{"question":"What part Project Marketing","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What are Patient Transports?","answer":"Comprises information about where a patient has been or where and how he or she is to be transported there"},{"question":"What part Treatment Text","answer":"Discharge Summary"},{"question":"What part Organizational Unit Modeling Element","answer":"Organizational Model"},{"question":"Who is Controlling?","answer":"Gathering and aggregating financial and other data about the hospital\u2019s operation in order to control and optimize them. This covers, for example, staff controlling, process controlling, material controlling, and financial controlling."},{"question":"What part Functional Specification Document","answer":"Target Concept"},{"question":"Who is Functional Integration?","answer":"Functional integration means that features needed in several application components are           implemented only once and can be invoked by other application components."},{"question":"What are Spaghetti Styles?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What is associated with Data","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What uses Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act","answer":"Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management"},{"question":"What uses EFQM Excellence Model","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What is Organizational Unit?","answer":"Part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities (e.g., the radiology department). Organizational units perform enterprise functions."},{"question":"What part Scheduling and Resource Planning with the Patient Transport Service","answer":"Scheduling and Resource Allocation"},{"question":"What is Patient Link?","answer":"\"Patient Link\" is used for the synchronization of application components with regard to a chosen or identified patient."},{"question":"What is Service Catalog?","answer":"A service catalog contains all available orders"},{"question":"What updates operational structure","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"What is responsible for Conflict Management","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What are Application Servers?","answer":"Server can run the back-end part of application software"},{"question":"What is Usability?","answer":"Is the application component easy to use? For more details on software ergonomics, see next paragraph."},{"question":"What is Medical Device?","answer":"Is a technical or mechanical device used for diagnosis and treatment"},{"question":"What are NOCs?","answer":"NOC=Nursing Outcomes Classification"},{"question":"What increases Customer Satisfaction","answer":"Project Marketing"},{"question":"What updates Test Operation Specification","answer":"Definition of Introduction Strategy"},{"question":"What policy To Requirement Functional Component Requirement","answer":"Policy"},{"question":"What are Efficiencys?","answer":"How much resources are needed for an application component? For example, a RIS has a good response rate of less than 1 s for most of the functionalities."},{"question":"Who approves Target Concept?","answer":"Domain Expert"},{"question":"What are Procedures?","answer":"Procedure is the generalization of a medical procedure or nursing procedure."},{"question":"What approves Project Definition","answer":"Department Manager Project and Process Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Functional Redundancy Rate","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What is Knowledge?","answer":"Knowledge is general information about concepts in a certain (scientific or professional) domain (e.g., about diseases or therapeutic methods)."},{"question":"What is Error Tolerance?","answer":"Can the task be completed if obviously wrong input is entered by the user, with either little or no effort to correct it?"},{"question":"What is First Study Design?","answer":"The First Study Design Phase has the purpose of sketching the foundation for study. The following activities have to be done:    establish the evaluation team;   \u2022   formulate in detail the study questions you want to answer and the evaluation criteria  \u2022 you want to access;   identify  any  constraints  the  study  may  have  (e.g.,   budget ,  location,  time,  political  \u2022 aspects);   select the (quantitative or qualitative) methods you want to apply to answer your study  \u2022 questions;\n  describe the organizational context and technical setting your study will take place in;   \u2022\n  outline the time plan for the evaluation study and inform the involved user groups;   \u2022\n  pay attention to any legal or ethical aspects that may occur;   \u2022\n  decide on a strategy for reporting the evaluation results.     \u2022"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-S Service Classs?","answer":"If we want to express that some services are of similar type, we can summarize them in a service class."},{"question":"What are Buss?","answer":"Every physical data processing system is directly connected to the shared transmission medium called bus. There are no other active devices between the devices and bus."},{"question":"What part Nursing Admission","answer":"admission"},{"question":"What is Quality of Data?","answer":"Integrity, reliability, completeness, accuracy, relevancy, standardization, authenticity, availability, confidentiality, and security of data."},{"question":"What is Object Identity?","answer":"Object identity comes from object-oriented programming and means that an object has an existence that is independent of its value. Applying this to the representation of entity types in a database leads to the requirement that the representation of every entity must be uniquely identifiable. Condition of an information system where the representation of every entity is uniquely identifiable. In a health information system, this is especially important for patients and cases because all medical data need to be assigned to a particular patient and his or her cases. Patient identification numbers and case identification numbers are used for that purpose. Object identity is an important condition for integrity within HIS."},{"question":"What is Diagnosis?","answer":"Is the identified cause or nature of a disease or medical condition"},{"question":"What is based on performance potential","answer":"Success Potential"},{"question":"What are Means of Transports?","answer":"Comprises information about all means of transport , e.g., stretcher, ambulance, fl ying ambulance"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Support?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with the class \"function\" only mediates the use of another computer-based application component which supports the enterprise function"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Improving Customer-Centered Services?","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"What is associated with task bearer","answer":"competence"},{"question":"Who is Medical Anamnesis?","answer":"A medical anamnesis comprises all information needed as a basis for medical care planning."},{"question":"What is associated with Enterprise Architecture Component","answer":"Service Architecture"},{"question":"What increases Semantic Integration","answer":"HL7 CDA"},{"question":"What supports Visitor and Information Service","answer":"Patient Administration System"},{"question":"What supports Archiving of Patient Information","answer":"Document Archiving System"},{"question":"Who is responsible for IT General Ledger Account Planning?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What are Classification of Proceduress?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Procedures in Medicine (ICPM)"},{"question":"What part Contract","answer":"Contract Inventory"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Placing a Project Order?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is Portfolio Management?","answer":"An important instrument for information management strategic planning is portfolio management. Originally coming from the field of finance to acquire a well-balanced securities portfolio, today the term portfolio management is used to refer to multiple strategic management problems. Portfolio management concerning information management categorizes certain components of an information system, like application components or physical data processing systems, but also projects, using certain criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Categorizes certain components of an information system, using criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Important instrument for strategic planning of a hospital information system. Comprises, for example, application portfolio management and project portfolio management."},{"question":"Who is Administrative Admission?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. Comprises patient identification and documentation of main administrative data during the admission of a patient to an institution. Includes assignment of a patient identification number and of a visit number (case identifier)."},{"question":"What are Classifications?","answer":"Consists of a set of classes summarizing concepts not to be distinguished during analysis"},{"question":"What are Chief Financial Officers?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"Who is Single-Sign-On?","answer":"Single-Sign-On eliminates annoying multiple user logins for different application components by passing data about user authorization to the other application components when the user has logged in at an involved application component"},{"question":"What uses Evaluation Criterion","answer":"Verification (Specification)"},{"question":"What part chief information officer","answer":"CAB"},{"question":"What uses Bottom-up Approach","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Logical Tool Layers?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via communication links and store them as data."},{"question":"What are The Regional- or National-Centric Strategys?","answer":"In the so-called regional- or national-centric strategy, the EHR is maintained centrally by a public institution. This can be on a regional or nationwide level."},{"question":"What is CDA?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"Who is PIN?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"What is Chief Information Officer?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What is associated with IHE","answer":"IHE Connect-a-thon"},{"question":"What uses Case","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What is HL7 Version 3?","answer":"Unlike HL7 messages, CDA documents are persistent records of medical information (such as diagnostic reports, discharge summaries , or lab reports), also based on an XML encoding. CDA supports free text as well as fully 26 http://www.unece.org/trade/untdid/welcome.htm 6.5 Logical Tool Layer: Integration of Application Components 155 structured, machine-processable information. Document templates (so-called implementation guidelines) define CDA-based document structures for specific use cases such as a discharge summary or a radiology report"},{"question":"What part Operation of a component of an information function","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What increases benefit","answer":"value delivery"},{"question":"What part Target Definition","answer":"Target Concept"},{"question":"What is Business Strategy?","answer":"Defines the hospital\u2019s long-term strategic goals"},{"question":"What is Contextual Integration?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"What are Internal Quality Managements?","answer":"Internal Quality Management assures a defined quality of all processes and outcomes of the hospital"},{"question":"What is associated with Knowledge Management","answer":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"question":"Who is Open Archival Information System 3?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"What are President of Information Systemss?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What updates Study Design","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"Who is Sustainability?","answer":"How sustainable is the overall software product? For example, a R IS software is still built on the programming language that is not further supported and developed."},{"question":"What is involved in Project Execution","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What uses Test Scenario","answer":"Customization Testing"},{"question":"What part IHE Integration Profile","answer":"IHE Domain"},{"question":"What updates Application Portfolio","answer":"Portfolio Management"},{"question":"What are Functional Metamodels?","answer":"functional metamodels, focusing on hospital functions that are supported by the information system;unctional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What uses Laundry","answer":"Laundry Management"},{"question":"What is ACID?","answer":"Transaction management guarantees 'C'onsistency of data by 'A'tomicity, 'I'solation and 'D'urability of any transaction (ACID conditions)."},{"question":"What part formal objective","answer":"goal"},{"question":"What updates Service Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What part Planning of Rooms","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is associated with Information Reception","answer":"Intrapersonal Information Behavior"},{"question":"What updates Study Question","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What uses IT Evaluation Study","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"Who is EN12538?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"What updates Evaluation Method","answer":"First Study Design"},{"question":"What updates Outpatient EHR Certification","answer":"Certification by CCHIT"},{"question":"What are Logical Tool Layers?","answer":"In the 3LGM2, the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via comunication links and store them as data."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Message Type?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"Who is First-Level Support?","answer":"User support unit serving as first contact for all user groups with any kinds of information processing problems. It may consist, for example, of a central 24-h-hotline (service desk) that is responsible for the management of user accounts and first troubleshooting, or of decentralized information processing staff. When the first-level support cannot solve the problems, it hands them over to the second-level support."},{"question":"What updates HIS Architecture","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is associated with Hospital Management","answer":"HIS Management"},{"question":"What is associated with corporate strategy","answer":"Strategic IT Objective"},{"question":"What are BARs?","answer":"BAR stands for a patient accounting message"},{"question":"What is involved in System Introduction","answer":"System Introduction Team"},{"question":"What are Integrated Cares?","answer":"to organize health care in a patient-centric way, such that all participating in- or outpatient care institutions cooperate very closely"},{"question":"What part Long Term Archiving","answer":"Archiving of Patient Information"},{"question":"What part real objective","answer":"goal"},{"question":"What is associated with Ward","answer":"Nursing Admission"},{"question":"Who is The Provider-Centric Strategy?","answer":"n the provider-centric strategy the medical records are kept by the institution that created them and are made available to other organizations on request."},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Transmitting Medium","answer":"3LGM² Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What is Medical and Nursing Knowledge?","answer":"Is stored in the doctors\u2019 and nurses\u2019 heads as well as in available media"},{"question":"What is based on UML Class Diagram","answer":"Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel"},{"question":"What is Patient Identification Number?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"What part Influence Project Organization","answer":"Hybrid Project Organization"},{"question":"What is Information?","answer":"Information is a specific determination about entities such as facts, events, things, persons, processes, ideas, or concepts."},{"question":"What is associated with 2-Phase-Commit-Protocol","answer":"Synchronous Communication"},{"question":"What is Activity?","answer":"An activity interprets data about certain entity types and updates data of certain entity types. Instantiation of an enterprise function. Different from enterprise functions, activities have a definite beginning and end."},{"question":"What are Quality Managements?","answer":"All activities of a health care institution\u2019s management that ensure and continually improve the quality of patient care. This includes setting the goals, defining the responsibilities, and establishing and monitoring the processes to achieve these goals."},{"question":"What is associated with IT Investment Justification","answer":"IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What is Quality of IT Support?","answer":"quality of IT support (e.g., number of hotline calls that are successfully solved within 2 h)"},{"question":"Who is Oncology Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an oncology department"},{"question":"What is Patient History?","answer":"The patient history contains all clinical data about a patient, including medical and nursing anamnesis, finding discharge summery etc."},{"question":"What part T3 Application Server","answer":"T3"},{"question":"What part Network Monitoring","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What are Quality of Processess?","answer":"In medicine, quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What updates Specification Plan","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What part Nursing Management and Documentation System","answer":"Clinical Information System"},{"question":"What part Communication Ability","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What is associated with sustainable thinking","answer":"Green IT"},{"question":"What part Development of IT-Strategy","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What are Sub-Information Systems?","answer":"A subset of the components of an information system and the relationships between them. A sub-information system is a subsystem of the overall information system and thus itself an information system."},{"question":"Who is European Norm 12539?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What is associated with Level of Target Achievement","answer":"Evaluation Criterion"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Data Security?","answer":"Data Security Officer"},{"question":"What part Recommendations for Further Treatment","answer":"Discharge Summary"},{"question":"What is associated with Task Bearer","answer":"Competence"},{"question":"What is responsible for Observation","answer":"Observer"},{"question":"What are Information Management Boards?","answer":"Such a board can often be found in larger hospitals (Fig. 9.7 ). Members should include one representative from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department (see Sect. 9.3.2 ) if this director is not the CIO simultaneously. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital.  Responsible for strategic information management in a hospital. Members should include representatives from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital."},{"question":"What updates Operation Report","answer":"Execution of an Operation"},{"question":"Who is involved in Preparation and Modeling?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is Inductive Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined while reading and analyzing the text."},{"question":"What part Strategic Information Management Goal","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What updates Informed Consent","answer":"Decision Making and Patient Information"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Entity Type?","answer":"An entity type is a representation of 1. an object class and of 2. the data representing information concerning the objects of this object class, if these data are stored or could or should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"What is Cardiovascular Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What is responsible for Interim Report Creation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is European Norm 12538?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"What are Open Archival Information System 3s?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"What part Objective","answer":"goal system"},{"question":"What is Best-of-Breed-Architecture?","answer":"An (AC n , V n ) architecture where the different application components are based on software from different vendors is commonly denoted as \u201cbest-of-breed,\u201d pointing to the fact that the hospital combines the \u201cbest\u201d software products from different vendors."},{"question":"What is Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?","answer":"An  economic  analysis  to  compare  the  costs  and  consequences of an information system component. It does not require that all important effects and benefi ts are expressed in monetary terms. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It does not require that all important effects be expressed in monetary terms."},{"question":"What part Administrative Discharge and Billing","answer":"Patient Discharge and Transfer to Other Institutions"},{"question":"Who is involved in Ticket Evaluation?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What uses Portfolio Backlog Item","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"What supports Minimum Project Duration Calculation","answer":"Project Management Software"},{"question":"What is The Regional- or National-Centric Strategy?","answer":"In the so-called regional- or national-centric strategy, the EHR is maintained centrally by a public institution. This can be on a regional or nationwide level."},{"question":"What supports Patient Identification and Checking for Recurrent","answer":"Patient Administration System"},{"question":"What part Visitor and Information Service","answer":"admission"},{"question":"What are Dialysis Information Systems?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of a dialysis department, has interfaces to hemodialysis machines"},{"question":"What is responsible for BPMN","answer":"BPMI"},{"question":"What are Enterprise Resource Planning Systems?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via communication links and store them as data."},{"question":"What part Second-Level Support","answer":"User Support"},{"question":"What is Certifiability of Software?","answer":"Is the software product certified? For example, the PACS software is certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"What are Quality of IT Supports?","answer":"quality of IT support (e.g., number of hotline calls that are successfully solved within 2 h)"},{"question":"What uses Health Care Professional","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"Who is EN12539?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What updates Requirement","answer":"Requirements Engineering"},{"question":"Who is ACn Style?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What are ISO 25000s?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"What is Administrative Admission?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. Comprises patient identification and documentation of main administrative data during the admission of a patient to an institution. Includes assignment of a patient identification number and of a visit number (case identifier)."},{"question":"What part Subsystem","answer":"System"},{"question":"What part Organizational Preparation","answer":"Preparation of System Introduction"},{"question":"Who is Chief Information Officer?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What are Completenesss?","answer":"Describes whether data are sufficiently complete for a given purpose. For example, administrative data on a patient should be complete to allow patient identification."},{"question":"What is based on strategic goal","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What is Quality of HIS Architecture?","answer":"HIS architecture should ensure that the different computer-based and non-computer-based information processing tools can be smoothly and efficiently integrated, in order to provide a maximum quality of information processing."},{"question":"What part Achievement of Objective","answer":"Project Progression"},{"question":"What part Portfolio Management","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What uses Application Component","answer":"Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Hospital Management?","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"Who is Facility Management?","answer":"Facility management comprises the management of buildings, areas, and utilities of the hospital and also influences KPIs"},{"question":"What are EGAs?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"What are flexible physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools used on a ward can be updated with new memory easily."},{"question":"What is Hospital Information System?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of a hospital that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. The aim of a hospital information system is to sufficiently enable the adequate execution of hospital functions for patient care."},{"question":"Who is Healthcare Services Specification Project?","answer":"In 2005 the Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP) was initiated as a joint initiative between the Health Level 7 (HL7) organization and the Object Management Group (OMG). Up to now the project defined functional specifications through HL7 for four services: the decision support service; the entity identification service; the clinical research filtered query service; and the retrieve, locate, and update service. Technical specifications and commercial implementations have been developed as well within OMG."},{"question":"What is certifiable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the tools used in the intensive care unit are certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"What is ISO 9241-110?","answer":"Part 9241-110 of this standard deals with dialogue principles for user interface design"},{"question":"What part UML Method","answer":"UML Class"},{"question":"Who is Functional Redundancy?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by more than one application component. The opposite is functional leanness."},{"question":"What are Transparencys?","answer":"The details of the HIS architecture are described in an up-to-date documentation (e.g., using 3LGM ² as modeling language)."},{"question":"What are Applications?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What part evaluation","answer":"KANN"},{"question":"Who is CDA?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"What are Evaluations?","answer":"Act of measuring or exploring properties of a health information system. The result of an evaluation should give information to support decisions concerning the health information system. Evaluation studies are typically conducted as projects of tactical information management. Evaluation studies support monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"Who updates Project Manager?","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"Who is Patient?","answer":"Is a person who is a subject of care; information about a patient includes the patient identification number (PIN)"},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-S Providing Interface","answer":"3LGM²-S"},{"question":"What updates Nursing Guideline","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"Who is involved in Customizing?","answer":"Consultant"},{"question":"Who is Vn Style?","answer":"heterogeneous HIS comprise software from several vendors; they are denoted as \u201cV n\"."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Medical Admission?","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"What part Computer Network","answer":"Information and Communication Technology"},{"question":"What portfolio backlog item (rationalized/prioritized) Proposal Component","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"Who is Management Unit?","answer":"As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning , monitoring , and directing all activities of subordinate units"},{"question":"What is Quality Management?","answer":"All activities of a health care institution\u2019s management that ensure and continually improve the quality of patient care. This includes setting the goals, defining the responsibilities, and establishing and monitoring the processes to achieve these goals."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Controlling?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is involved in Verification (System Analysis)?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What part Problem Solving","answer":"First-Level Support"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Jour Fixe?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses information behavior","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"What are Controllings?","answer":"Gathering and aggregating financial and other data about the hospital\u2019s operation in order to control and optimize them. This covers, for example, staff controlling, process controlling, material controlling, and financial controlling."},{"question":"What is Model Pattern?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"What part Administrative Admission","answer":"Patient Admission"},{"question":"What is associated with System Specification","answer":"System Specification Module"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Problems","answer":"Problem Component"},{"question":"What uses ACID","answer":"Transaction Management"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Physical Tool Layer","answer":"Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel"},{"question":"What part System Handover","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"Who is Food?","answer":"Must be provided according to different nutritional needs of patients , e.g., normal diet and light diet"},{"question":"What part TOGAF Architecture Devolopment Method","answer":"TOGAF"},{"question":"What part Confidentiality Provision","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"Who is Referential Integrity?","answer":"Correct assignment of entities, for example the assignment of cases to a certain patient, or of results to a case. A precondition is object identity. Referential integrity is an important condition for integrity within health information systems."},{"question":"What is Chief Executive Officer?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What is Orthopedics Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an orthopedics department, can include a computer-aided design (CAD) system for transplant planning"},{"question":"What updates Network","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What uses Access and Usage Information","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is HL7 Standard?","answer":"Important communication standard in health care supporting the transfer of patient- and case-based messages, excluding image data. HL7 describes the events and structure of messages that are exchanged between application components."},{"question":"What is based on sustainable thinking","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What is based on Software Product","answer":"Computer-Based Application System"},{"question":"What are Beds?","answer":"Must be managed according to its occupation"},{"question":"What are HIS Stakeholders?","answer":"Anyone who has direct or indirect influence on or interest in a component of an information system."},{"question":"Who is Information Processing?","answer":"In the context of hospital information systems, it refers to the processing of data together with their related information, and knowledge."},{"question":"What part Recommendations and Outlook","answer":"Evaluation Report"},{"question":"What are Quality of IT Trainings?","answer":"quality of IT training (e.g., IT training hours per user)"},{"question":"What is Functional Leanness?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by one and only one application component. The opposite is functional redundancy."},{"question":"What is Controllability?","answer":"Can the user, after having initiated the first step, control the fl ow and speed of tasks?"},{"question":"What are Communication Links?","answer":"Communicates data about a certain entity type. Connects a communication interface of one application component with a communication interface of another application component."},{"question":"What part Study Motivation","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What is BAR?","answer":"BAR stands for a patient accounting message"},{"question":"What is Transaction Management Technology?","answer":"Transaction management in databases but also in sets of distributed databases ensures that every update of data, which are consistent, will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"What updates Information System Model","answer":"Preparation and Modeling"},{"question":"What are Meshs?","answer":"Each physical data processing system is connected with one or more devices; if each device is connected with all other devices on the network the mesh is said to be fully connected."},{"question":"Who is involved in Interview?","answer":"Minute Taker"},{"question":"What are Homogeneous Architectures?","answer":"comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor"},{"question":"Who is European Norm 1613?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What is responsible for Procurement Release","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Order","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is Fulfillment of Strategic Hospital Goal?","answer":"For the hospital as an enterprise, the hospital information system should typically contribute to high quality patient care, efficient usage of resources, and fulfillment of legal requirements as general goals of all hospitals."},{"question":"What updates Finding","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures"},{"question":"What uses Integrity","answer":"Verification (System Analysis)"},{"question":"What are Knowledges?","answer":"Knowledge is general information about concepts in a certain (scientific or professional) domain (e.g., about diseases or therapeutic methods)."},{"question":"What part Award Criterion","answer":"Tender"},{"question":"What is Functional Metamodel?","answer":"functional metamodels, focusing on hospital functions that are supported by the information system;unctional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What auxiliary Data Object Offer Consumption Component","answer":"Shopping Cart"},{"question":"What is based on Goal","answer":"information management model"},{"question":"What is Classification of Procedures?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Procedures in Medicine (ICPM)"},{"question":"What is Quality of Computer-Based Application Components and Their Integration?","answer":"Quality characteristics for software and software ergonomics, which can be applied to computer-based application components, are provided by ISO 25000 and ISO 9241. Further quality criteria for software products that are of relevance for health care are adaptability, availability, sustainability, maturity, certification and standardized interfaces.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What is associated with Qualified Electronic Signature","answer":"European Guideline 1999/93"},{"question":"Who is Software Product?","answer":"An acquired or self-developed piece of software that is complete in itself and that can be installed on a computer system. Controls computer-based application components."},{"question":"What part Study Planning Section","answer":"Evaluation Report"},{"question":"Who is involved in Evaluation Planning?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Project Web Site","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What part Task Bearer","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"What is Strategic Information Management?","answer":"Strategic information management deals with information processing as a whole. Strategic information management deals with the hospital\u2019s information processing as a whole. It depends strictly on the hospital\u2019s business strategy and strategic goals and has to translate these into an appropriate information strategy. One part of information management. Deals with the enterprise\u2019s information processing as a whole and establishes strategies and principles for the evolution of the information system. An important result of strategic information management activities is a strategic information management plan which is aligned with the hospital\u2019s business strategy."},{"question":"What uses Facility and Area","answer":"Scheduling and Resource Planning with the Medical Service Unit"},{"question":"What is responsible for Improving Customer-Centered Services","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"What uses Software Reference Model","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"Who is Architectural Style of the Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"What part Deadline Compliance","answer":"Project Progression"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Physical Data Processing System?","answer":"A physical data processing system is a physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data. We denote receiving, storing, forwarding and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules"},{"question":"What uses Order","answer":"Appointment Scheduling"},{"question":"Who is involved in Goal Definition?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"Who is involved in Verification (Specification)?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What are Multiple Usability of Datas?","answer":"To avoid duplicate data entry, which is inefficient and prone to error, data should be recorded only once, even when they are stored in different databases. Condition where data are captured once but used for more than one task. A prerequisite is data integration. Multiple usability of data is one important benefit computer support can bring to health information systems."},{"question":"What approves Project Result","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What updates Minimum Project Duration","answer":"Minimum Project Duration Calculation"},{"question":"What is Integrity?","answer":"The correctness of data stored in a health information system. Important aspects of integrity are object identity, referential integrity, and consistency of data."},{"question":"What are Communication Servers?","answer":"A communication server is used for the asynchronous sending, receiving, and buffering of messages. Application component supporting asynchronous communication between application components. Stands at the center of the logical tool layer of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What increases Consistency","answer":"Data Integration"},{"question":"What is responsible for System Operation","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"Who is Quality of IT Support?","answer":"quality of IT support (e.g., number of hotline calls that are successfully solved within 2 h)"},{"question":"Who is responsible for project waitlist?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"Who is HIS Management?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is Saturation?","answer":"An architecture is saturated if as many enterprise functions as possible are supported by computer-based tools, and if there are no or only a small number of noncomputer- based tools still in use."},{"question":"Who is EDIFACT?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"What updates Project Definition","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What is responsible for Server Administration","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What updates Result of Stakeholder Analysis","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"Who is Socio-Technical System?","answer":"A (man-made) system that consists of both human and technical components."},{"question":"What are Hospital Budgets?","answer":"Consists of all planned costs and revenues"},{"question":"What updates Admission Diagnosis","answer":"Medical Admission"},{"question":"What is Teleradiology?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists' remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS."},{"question":"What updates Intermediate Result","answer":"Presentation of Intermediate Results"},{"question":"What are SANs?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What uses IT goal","answer":"performance measurement"},{"question":"What are Orthopedics Information Systems?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an orthopedics department, can include a computer-aided design (CAD) system for transplant planning"},{"question":"What are HIS Qualitys?","answer":"HIS quality is a matter of finding optima in a multidimensional space with myriads of restrictions. Due to this it is hardly possible to provide information managers with a simple checklist to find out whether the HIS is good or not. Several specific approaches and initiatives are dealing with this issues of HIS quality.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"Who is Directing?","answer":"Executing a plan. Directing in strategic information management means to transform a strategic information management plan into projects. Directing in tactical information management means the execution of projects, based on a project plan. Directing in operational information management means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper reactions to operating problems of components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Information Process","answer":"3LGM² Domain Layer"},{"question":"What is responsible for COBIT","answer":"ITGI"},{"question":"What part Application System","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What are Mixed Approachs?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforehand and refined while analyzing the text."},{"question":"What part Execution of Training Course","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What part HL7 Event Description","answer":"ADT"},{"question":"What is Enterprise Function?","answer":"An enterprise function describes what acting human or machines have to do in a certain enterprise to contribute to its mission and goals. Enterprise functions are ongoing and continuous. They describe what is to be done, not how it is done. The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (for short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"Who is involved in Final Report Presentation?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-S Providing Interface?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"What are Hospital Functions?","answer":"actions to be undertaken in health care in order to process data and information and to thereby contribute to the mission of health care. A hospital function is an enterprise function of a hospital."},{"question":"What is responsible for System Analysis Planning","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is Third-Party Fund?","answer":"Is a fund of external institutions financing certain projects"},{"question":"What is Health Information System?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What part Information Systems Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What is based on Logical Network Topology","answer":"Ethernet"},{"question":"What part System Assessment Planning","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"Who is involved in Long-Term HIS Planning?","answer":"Hardware Vendor"},{"question":"What part Man-Made System","answer":"Socio-Technical System"},{"question":"What part System Assessment","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What part SAPFI","answer":"SAPERP"},{"question":"What is Functional Model?","answer":"Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them.Functional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system. The relationships of the hospital functions can, for example, represent the information exchanged between them. Model representing what is to be done in an institution (e.g., a hospital). Concepts typically offered comprise the enterprise functions that are supported by the application components of a health information system. Functional models describe what is to be done."},{"question":"Who is Transinstitutional Health Information System?","answer":"Information system of a health care network."},{"question":"What is responsible for Change Request Decision","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What is involved in Preparation of Training Course","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What key Data Object Incident Component","answer":"Incident"},{"question":"Who is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine?","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine ( DICOM ) is a standard maintained by the International DICOM Committee that addresses the integration requirements of the medical imaging sector. Important communication standard in health care, used for the transfer of medical images and related information. DICOM not only defines a message format, but also couples this closely with exchange formats."},{"question":"What are Tactical HIS Directings?","answer":"Directing in tactical management means the execution of such tactical information management projects in hospitals, based on a project plan. Therefore, it includes typical tasks of project management such as resource allocation and coordination, motivation and training of the staff, etc. Monitoring means continually"},{"question":"What are Physical Integrations?","answer":"Physical integration is guaranteed if there exist physical communication for any kind of data exchange. In other words, physical integration is a prerequisite for integration application components. Condition of an information system where the physical infrastructure for any kind of data exchange exists."},{"question":"What updates Discharge Summary","answer":"Medical Discharge and Medical Report Writing"},{"question":"Who is Hospital Function?","answer":"actions to be undertaken in health care in order to process data and information and to thereby contribute to the mission of health care. A hospital function is an enterprise function of a hospital."},{"question":"What is associated with vendor","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"What updates Target Concept","answer":"Preparation and Modeling (Specification)"},{"question":"What is harmless physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a computer in the operating room is designed not to harm the patient or the clinical user by electric hazards."},{"question":"What part Medical and Nursing Care Planning","answer":"Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment"},{"question":"What is ACn Style?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What are ACn Styles?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What part reference model","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"What is Portability?","answer":"How easily can a software product be transferred to another environment? For example, a RIS software follows established market standards with regard to the used database systems and operating systems."},{"question":"What uses IT deployment","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"What increases Project Team Communication","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"Who is Quality Report?","answer":"Is an openly published report about a hospital\u2019s performance"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-M Communication Standard?","answer":"Communication standards describe how messages of a certain data format are communicated when a certain event occurs"},{"question":"What are Electronic Patient Record Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"What is Nursing Admission?","answer":"Nursing admission typically comprises the introduction of the patient to the ward and nursing history and is done by the responsible nurse. For the nursing history there may be computer-based or department-specific, (semi-)standardized data entry forms available. These may contain information about the current diagnoses and therapy, orientation, mobility etc. The information should be available during the whole stay."},{"question":"What are Samples?","answer":"Is a specimen taken from a patient , e.g., a blood sample or a urine sample"},{"question":"What are European Norm 12539s?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What is responsible for Interview","answer":"Interviewer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Approval","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What is associated with Information","answer":"Information and Knowledge Logistics"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Work","answer":"Project Team Member"},{"question":"What uses Information Acquisition Result","answer":"Preparation and Modeling"},{"question":"Who is Chief Financial Officer?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"What uses Law for Awarding","answer":"Tendering"},{"question":"What are Close-to-Hierarchy Networks?","answer":"Hierarchy-like networks still fulfill the definition of health care networks, but decision making in information management is highly centralized and the decisions made are compulsory. Typically, these networks are configured heterogeneous and are dominated by one large institution, such as a hospital."},{"question":"Who is Business Process?","answer":"Sequence of enterprise (sub-)functions together with the conditions under which they are invoked, in order to achieve an enterprise goal. While enterprise functions concentrate on the \u201cwhat,\u201d business processes focus on the \u201chow\u201d of activities."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Strategic Information Management Plan?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What updates procedure model","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What part Project Communication","answer":"Project Organization"},{"question":"What is associated with Legal Requirement","answer":"Data Protection"},{"question":"What is associated with System Selection","answer":"System Selection Module"},{"question":"What updates strategic IT plan","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What part Error Management","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What is Chief of Information Services?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What part Coding of Procedures","answer":"Coding of Diagnoses and Procedures"},{"question":"What part Notice Periods and Conditions","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What is Operation Management System?","answer":"The operation management system supports operation planning and operation documentation as a specialization of execution of diagnositc and therapeutic procedures. Application component that supports planning and documentation within operation rooms."},{"question":"What decreases Transcription","answer":"Process Integration"},{"question":"What part Quality Control","answer":"quality management"},{"question":"Who is Dialysis Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of a dialysis department, has interfaces to hemodialysis machines"},{"question":"What is Technical Model?","answer":"Model describing the information processing tools used in an enterprise. Concepts typically offered are physical data processing systems and application components."},{"question":"What are Patient-Centered Information Processings?","answer":"Information processing, therefore, should center on the patient (not on the institution)"},{"question":"Who is Organizational Model?","answer":"Model describing the organization of a unit or area. Concepts typically offered are units or roles that stand in a certain organizational relationship to each other."},{"question":"Who is Availability of Data?","answer":"Availability means that data must be retrievable and readable at any time throughout the archiving period"},{"question":"What chapter Document Archiving System","answer":"1999/93/EG"},{"question":"What part Quality Requirement","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What part Deployment of Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Life Cycle Management of Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What is responsible for management of electronic health records","answer":"neutral independent health bank actor"},{"question":"Who is Isolation?","answer":"Isolation makes intermediary updates of data inside the transaction invisible"},{"question":"What uses Milestone","answer":"Performing Milestone Trend Analysis"},{"question":"What uses Project Team","answer":"Team Management"},{"question":"What supports Creation Of Scope Agreements For Projects","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What is NANDA?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"What is Appointment?","answer":"Determines which persons have to be at a certain place at a given time. Examples are appointment for patient admission , examination, or surgery"},{"question":"What supports Quality Management","answer":"Enterprise Resource Planning System"},{"question":"Who is ORM?","answer":"ORM stands for a general order message (e.g., ordering a radiological examination)."},{"question":"What updates Cost item","answer":"Cost management"},{"question":"What is Physician Order Entry System?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What uses Result Document","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What is associated with Authenticity of Data","answer":"Document Archiving System"},{"question":"What part DICOM File Format","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine"},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Application Component","answer":"3LGM² Software Product"},{"question":"What is Communication Server?","answer":"A communication server is used for the asynchronous sending, receiving, and buffering of messages. Application component supporting asynchronous communication between application components. Stands at the center of the logical tool layer of a hospital information system."},{"question":"Who is responsible for IT strategy development?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is Remote Function Call?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"Who is User Survey?","answer":"Quantitative analysis of user satisfaction with an application component."},{"question":"What part Continual Service Improvement","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What is PIN?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"What are Health Care Regulations?","answer":"Is a regulation or law to be observed by health care institutions (see examples in Sect. 8.4.3)"},{"question":"What uses strategic IT objective","answer":"Development of IT-Strategy"},{"question":"What part Current State","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What part Human-Computer Information Behavior","answer":"Information Behaviour"},{"question":"What is Model?","answer":"A description of what the modeler thinks to be relevant of a system. In the sciences, models commonly represent a simplified depiction of reality or excerpts of it. Models are adapted to answer certain questions or to solve certain tasks. Models may be developed based on metamodels."},{"question":"What is Media Crack?","answer":"Change of the storage media during the transcription of data."},{"question":"What are Archivings?","answer":"Long-time storing (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on legal regulations) of documents and records, especially of patient records, after discharge of a patient."},{"question":"Who is usable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a mobile tool allows easy data entry by a touch screen."},{"question":"What is Information Processing Tool?","answer":"An application component or a physical data processing system. Can be either computer-based or non-computer-based (e.g., paper-based)."},{"question":"Who role component Chief Executive Officer?","answer":"Hospital\u2019s Board of Directors"},{"question":"Who is Standardization of Data?","answer":"Data are uniformly recorded and there are clear rules on what data and how the data are recorded and stored."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Final Report Creation?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses Requirement of HIS Stakeholder","answer":"Fulfillment of the Expectations of Different Stakeholders"},{"question":"What uses Procedure Class","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What is associated with Business Process Model","answer":"Information System Metamodel"},{"question":"What is Qualitative Interview?","answer":"This comprises all forms of semi- or unstructured interviews that use open questions, thus generating free-text as results."},{"question":"What is responsible for ITIL Version 2","answer":"Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency"},{"question":"What is responsible for ITIL Version 3","answer":"Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency"},{"question":"What is Functional Redundancy Rate?","answer":"Functional redundancy deals with the adequate relationship between enterprise functions and application components to support these tasks."},{"question":"What uses Observation Protocol","answer":"Event Counting Study"},{"question":"What are Integrations?","answer":"Integration in general describes a union of parts making a whole. /But besides this meaning as a property of a system, \u201cintegration\u201d additionally stands for the actions to be taken in order to achieve this property and thus has a behavioral perspective. describes a union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. A union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. We speak of integrated health information system if we want to express that it is a union that represents more than just a set of independent components. To achieve this integration, the components need to be interoperable. We expect positive consequences for the quality of information processing by integration. Different types of integration on the logical tool layer are data integration, semantic integration, access integration, presentation integration, contextual integration, and process integration. On the physical tool layer, physical integration is important."},{"question":"What is based on Information System","answer":"Target State"},{"question":"What uses HIS Benchmarking Method","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"What is Integrated HIS?","answer":"Integrated HIS means that all necessary measures have been taken to ensure integrity of data by integration"},{"question":"Who is NANDA?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"What increases Access Integration","answer":"Service-Oriented Architecture"},{"question":"What updates Information System","answer":"Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What updates Description of the Current HIS State","answer":"Analysis and Assessment of the Current HIS State"},{"question":"What is associated with OAIS3","answer":"ISO 14721"},{"question":"What part Description of the Current HIS State","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"Who is Operational HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper responses to operating problems of components of the hospital information system, that is, to provide backup facilities, to operate a service desk, to maintain servers, and to keep task forces available for repairing network components, servers, personal computers, printers, etc. Directing in this context deals with engaging the resources planned by the strategic information management plan in such a way that faultless operation of the hospital information system is ensured."},{"question":"What part Risk Analysis","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What uses Information Acquisition Method (Specification)","answer":"Information Acquisition (Specification)"},{"question":"Who is Hospital Administration?","answer":"Hospital administration supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Hospital function that supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Subfunctions are patient administration, archiving of patient information, quality management, cost and financial accounting, controlling, facility management, and information management."},{"question":"What are Integrated HISs?","answer":"Integrated HIS means that all necessary measures have been taken to ensure integrity of data by integration"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Manager","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What part Evaluation of Technical Aspects","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What part Personal Hygiene","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-Ms?","answer":"3LGM²-M extends 3LGM²-B by concepts for modeling message- based communication."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Computing Center?","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What updates Maintenance Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What updates Task","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What uses Technological Innovation","answer":"Formulation of a Project Idea"},{"question":"Who is Suitability for Learning?","answer":"Is the user supported to learn and use the user interface?"},{"question":"What updates Diagnostic Procedure","answer":"Order Entry"},{"question":"What are Electronic Patient Records?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"Who is Usability Study?","answer":"Assessment of the user friendliness of an IT component with special  \u2022 focus on the interaction between an IT component and its users"},{"question":"What are Delphi Surveys?","answer":"Consensus method for the prediction of the future. A panel of experts is  \u2022 surveyed on a given topic in several iterative rounds. The result of each round is presented to each expert in anonymized form; the experts are then invited to modify their judgment in the next round."},{"question":"Who is CT Scanner?","answer":"Examination of in and out patients in radiological department"},{"question":"What part System Specification","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What are Strategic HIS Directings?","answer":"Directing as part of strategic information management means to transform the strategic information management plan into action, that is, to systematically manipulate the hospital information system to make it conform to the strategic plan. Strategic directing of HIS is a consequence of planning and monitoring hospital functions, HIS architectures, and information management organizations."},{"question":"Who approves Purchase Contract?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is Patient Chart System?","answer":"Application component supporting documentation and presentation of vital signs, physician orders, procedure documentation, findings, and other clinical information. Central tool for inter-professional communiation within the health care professional team."},{"question":"What is Quality of Health Care Outcome?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care , that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"Who is Integrated Care?","answer":"to organize health care in a patient-centric way, such that all participating in- or outpatient care institutions cooperate very closely"},{"question":"What uses Project Portfolio","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Approval to Strategic Information Management Plan?","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"What uses Project Management Triangle","answer":"Execution of Target-Performance Comparison"},{"question":"What is associated with Availability of Data","answer":"Document Archiving System"},{"question":"Who is Tactical Information Management?","answer":"One part of information management. Deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects."},{"question":"What is associated with costs","answer":"thrift"},{"question":"What is Message Type?","answer":"Class of uniform messages, determines which data about which entity types are communicated by a message belonging to this message type. A message type can belong to a communication standard."},{"question":"What are Tactical HIS Plannings?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What part Patient","answer":"Hospital"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Order?","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What part Price","answer":"Bid"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Interlayer Relationship","answer":"3LGM²"},{"question":"What part Operator","answer":"Lower Management"},{"question":"What uses Cost Unit","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What uses Competitive Strategy","answer":"business-IT-alignment"},{"question":"Who is Documentation?","answer":"If an entity type E is updated by an enterprise function and this entity type\u2019s data are stored in an application component, we call this combination the \u2018 documentation of entity type E\u2019. Recording of data. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"What is European Norm 12538?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"What part Management Summary","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What is based on formal objective","answer":"information management model"},{"question":"Who is HL7 Version 3?","answer":"Unlike HL7 messages, CDA documents are persistent records of medical information (such as diagnostic reports, discharge summaries , or lab reports), also based on an XML encoding. CDA supports free text as well as fully 26 http://www.unece.org/trade/untdid/welcome.htm 6.5 Logical Tool Layer: Integration of Application Components 155 structured, machine-processable information. Document templates (so-called implementation guidelines) define CDA-based document structures for specific use cases such as a discharge summary or a radiology report"},{"question":"Who is IHE Patient Demographics Query?","answer":"Demographics Query (PDQ) Integration Profile is to implement a central patient information server that is queried by other application components and retrieves the patient \u2019s demographic and visit information. The query can be based on the partial or complete patient name, a patient ID, date of birth, age range, or bed ID."},{"question":"What is Health Care Professional?","answer":"Is one who treats, according to his or her specialization (e.g., nephrology or pediatrics), patients with certain diagnoses. Examples are physicians and nurses. Staff member directly contributing to patient care, such as a physician or nurse."},{"question":"What are Patient Record Archives?","answer":"The patient record archive describes how and where the electronic or paper-based patient record can be found. The exact location of each record should be known (e.g., in which archive, on which shelf). Robot systems may store and gather paper-based records automatically (see Fig. 6.19 ). Lending and return of records (e.g., for patients coming for multiple visits) have to be organized, while respecting different access rights that depend on the role of the health care professionals in the process of patient care."},{"question":"What decreases Technological Trajectory","answer":"innovation ability"},{"question":"What are Interoperabilitys?","answer":"Ability of two or more components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. A component that is called interoperable may, for example, support certain communication standards or certain integration technologies."},{"question":"Who is IHE?","answer":"Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is an organization founded by medical professional societies together with the health care IT industry with the aim of improving the interoperability of application components in health care (in particular within the hospital). Organization that aims at improving the interoperability of application components in healthcare, using existing standards such as HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"What part Development Method","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"What is Quality Report?","answer":"Is an openly published report about a hospital\u2019s performance"},{"question":"Who is NOC?","answer":"NOC=Nursing Outcomes Classification"},{"question":"Who is Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry, information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"What is responsible for Verification (System Analysis)","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is Performance of the Application Component?","answer":"The performance of an application component can be described by its response time."},{"question":"Who is Strategic HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing as part of strategic information management means to transform the strategic information management plan into action, that is, to systematically manipulate the hospital information system to make it conform to the strategic plan. Strategic directing of HIS is a consequence of planning and monitoring hospital functions, HIS architectures, and information management organizations."},{"question":"What is European Norm 12539?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Conceptual Service Blueprint","answer":"Service Portfolio Component"},{"question":"What is Database Server?","answer":"Servers can run databases"},{"question":"Who is 3-tier Architecture?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"What updates Standardization Degree of Question","answer":"Preparation of Questionnaire"},{"question":"What is associated with Project","answer":"DIN 69901"},{"question":"Who is Close-to-Hierarchy Network?","answer":"Hierarchy-like networks still fulfill the definition of health care networks, but decision making in information management is highly centralized and the decisions made are compulsory. Typically, these networks are configured heterogeneous and are dominated by one large institution, such as a hospital."},{"question":"What uses Hospital's Service","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What is DHCP Server?","answer":"A DHCP Server is responsible for dynamic IP assignment."},{"question":"What is Middleware?","answer":"Generally the term middleware describes the software components of a computer-based information system that serve for the communication between application components. Software component of a computer-based information system that serves for the communication between application components. One example is a communication server."},{"question":"What are Patient Chart Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting documentation and presentation of vital signs, physician orders, procedure documentation, findings, and other clinical information. Central tool for inter-professional communiation within the health care professional team."},{"question":"What uses HIS Component","answer":"Ad Hoc Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is involved in Team Formation?","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What part Information Need","answer":"Information Requirement"},{"question":"Who is Bus?","answer":"Every physical data processing system is directly connected to the shared transmission medium called bus. There are no other active devices between the devices and bus."},{"question":"What is Master Patient Index?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"What updates Target State Model","answer":"Preparation and Modeling (Specification)"},{"question":"What updates Controlling Report","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What is Strategic Information Management Plan?","answer":"Is a strategic plan which gives directives for the construction and development of a hospital\u2019s information system. Written document that includes the direction and strategy of information management and the architecture of a health information system. Typically, it describes the hospital\u2019s goals, the information management goals, the current HIS state, the future HIS state, and the steps to transform the current HIS into the planned HIS. Its establishment is an important task of strategic HIS planning. The strategic information management plan should be written by the CIO and approved by the hospital management."},{"question":"What approves Evaluation Criterion","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is involved in Exploratory Discussion?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Traffic Light Model","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"What are NANDAs?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"What part Key Performance Indicator","answer":"Controlling Report"},{"question":"What are Clinical Context Object Workgroups?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What increases Representativity of Results","answer":"Complete Survey"},{"question":"What part Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures","answer":"Patient Care Function"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Member","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is responsible for Machbarkeitsstudie","answer":"steering committee"},{"question":"What uses Final Report","answer":"Final Report Presentation"},{"question":"What are PACSs?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Monitoring?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What is SAN?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What part Project Logo","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What part Incident Management","answer":"Service Operation"},{"question":"What is responsible for Quality","answer":"Hospital Management Staff"},{"question":"What are Cardiovascular Information Systems?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What increases Functional Integration","answer":"Service-Oriented Architecture"},{"question":"What is associated with Communication Server","answer":"DBn Style"},{"question":"What updates Decision for Bid","answer":"Decision and Contract Conclusion"},{"question":"What are 1-tier Architectures?","answer":"1-tier architectures are architectures with one centralized physical data processing system (denoted as \u201cT 1 \u201d)."},{"question":"What is Functionality?","answer":"Does an application component have the required functionality? For example, a RIS contains functionality required for report writing, it provides correct output when searching for a patient , and it guarantees security of stored data."},{"question":"What part Medical Procedure","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"Who is Quality of Health Care Outcome?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care , that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"What is responsible for Knowledge Management","answer":"CKO"},{"question":"What is responsible for Ticket Evaluation","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Meeting Management?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is CFO?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"Who is Data Transmission Connection?","answer":"Connection of physical data processing systems, e.g., by communication network or courier service. Uses transmitting media such as signal-based media (cable) or nonsignal-based media (e.g., paper)."},{"question":"What part management structure","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"What is President of Information Systems?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What updates Change Request Protocol","answer":"Change Request Decision"},{"question":"What is based on Organizational Rule","answer":"Non-Computer-Based Application System"},{"question":"Who is associated with Chief Financial Officer?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is Therapeutic Procedure?","answer":"treatment of physical or mental illness"},{"question":"What updates ISO 9001","answer":"Certification by ISO"},{"question":"What is Informed Consent?","answer":"Is a patient \u2019s consent to the proposed treatment"},{"question":"What are HIS Certifications?","answer":"Certification in general means to confirm that an object or organization has certain characteristics. HIS certification in general describes a process where an accredited body confirms that the HIS fulfills certain pre-defined quality characteristics."},{"question":"What is Information Processing?","answer":"In the context of hospital information systems, it refers to the processing of data together with their related information, and knowledge."},{"question":"What is Procedure Class?","answer":"Is an aggregation of procedures with similar properties"},{"question":"What are AC1 Styles?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"What is responsible for Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Information Technology Director"},{"question":"Who is certifiable physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the tools used in the intensive care unit are certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Interlayer Relationship?","answer":"Dependencies among components of different layers in the 3LGM². Relationships exist between concepts at the domain layer and the logical tool layer and between concepts at the logical tool layer and the physical tool layer."},{"question":"What are Strategic Alignments?","answer":"Strategic alignment describes the process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. The process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. Important task of strategic information management."},{"question":"Who is Mixed Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforehand and refined while analyzing the text."},{"question":"What part Project Result","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What are Patients?","answer":"Is a person who is a subject of care; information about a patient includes the patient identification number (PIN)"},{"question":"What updates Evaluation Goal","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What updates Functional Specification Document","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What is associated with Operational Information Management","answer":"IT Service Management"},{"question":"What part Project Scope","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"What is PDF/A?","answer":"PDF/A is an ISO standard for long-time archiving of documents based on the Portable Document Format (PDF)."},{"question":"Who is Enterprise Resource Planning System?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"What is responsible for Preparation and Modeling","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Information Process?","answer":"Logical and chronological sequence of enterprise functions which interpret or update data about entities. Different from business processes, information processes do not contain the conditions under which enterprise functions are performed."},{"question":"What is Service-Oriented Architecture?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"What uses Knowledge Gap","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What are Clinical Trials?","answer":"Is a research study testing a new treatment, medication, or medical device on patients. Results obtained in a trial may be used for care and data recorded during care are necessary input for trials"},{"question":"What part Order Entry","answer":"Patient Care Function"},{"question":"What uses Human Resource","answer":"Work Organization and Time Management"},{"question":"What is based on thrift","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What is Organizational Metamodel?","answer":"organizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HISorganizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HIS"},{"question":"What uses strategy","answer":"action planning"},{"question":"What part Project Completion Phase","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-M Message Type?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"What is Data Metamodel?","answer":"data metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HISdata metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HIS"},{"question":"Who is DBn Style?","answer":"Several application components store data about certain entity types persistently and contain their own databases"},{"question":"What are Operation Management Systems?","answer":"The operation management system supports operation planning and operation documentation as a specialization of execution of diagnositc and therapeutic procedures. Application component that supports planning and documentation within operation rooms."},{"question":"What updates Jour fixe Protocol","answer":"Jour-fixe Execution CEO"},{"question":"What part Bid Deadline","answer":"Tender Arrangement"},{"question":"What part Customer Obligation","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What updates Project Goal","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"What uses Medical and Nursing Knowledge","answer":"Execution of Nursing Procedures"},{"question":"What uses Stop or Go Decision","answer":"Roll Out"},{"question":"What is associated with Net Plan","answer":"Net Plan Analysis"},{"question":"What supports Coding of Diagnoses and Procedures","answer":"Radiology Information System"},{"question":"What updates Support Concept","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What supports Execution Plan Of Action","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What is Message Encryption?","answer":"Those messages transferred during communication in the context of notifications , teleconsultations, or teleconferences, and for the global use of patient records, have to be protected from unauthorized third party access. Encryption procedures based on public key infrastructures exist for these cases. They are sufficiently secure and can be obtained as commercial encryption software."},{"question":"What uses Resource","answer":"Quality Planning"},{"question":"What supports Management Of ITPolicies","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What is Business Process Metamodel?","answer":"business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order;business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order."},{"question":"What is Queue Manager?","answer":"Queue managers support the sending of messages from the sender to the receiver and the distribution of a single message to numerous receivers (multicasting)."},{"question":"What is Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures?","answer":"The planned diagnostic, therapeutic, or nursing procedures (such as operations, radiotherapy, radiological examinations, medication) must be executed."},{"question":"What part Project Plan Approval","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What is Terminal Server?","answer":"run the front-end part of application software, which traditionally has been implemented on and run by clients."},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-M Communication Standard?","answer":"Communication standards describe how messages of a certain data format are communicated when a certain event occurs"},{"question":"What part Patient State","answer":"Medical Report"},{"question":"What are Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technologys?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"What part Project Monitoring","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What key Data Object Change Control Component","answer":"Request for Change"},{"question":"Who is Pathology Information System?","answer":"A Pathology Information System has similar features as a laboratory information system (LIS), e.g., receiving orders , writing reports."},{"question":"What is based on Evaluation Method","answer":"IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Software Development?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is Consistency?","answer":"In DB n-styled information systems patient data and data of other objects are often stored redundantly, that is, there are copies of data representing the same information about one particular object. Obviously these copies are supposed to be identical at all sites where they are stored. In other words, even redundant data must not be contradictory. We denote this type of integrity consistency."},{"question":"What updates Project Idea","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"Who is Controlling Report?","answer":"Summarizes monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) and compares them to the expected future state"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-S Services?","answer":"A service is a feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components."},{"question":"What uses Business Process Modeling Method","answer":"Business Process Modelling"},{"question":"What updates Third-Party Fund","answer":"Research Management"},{"question":"What is involved in Exploratory Discussion","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What is responsible for Maintenance Contract Release","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What is associated with Stellenbeschreibung","answer":"position"},{"question":"What is Controlled Transcription of Data?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a change of the storage media (media crack), for example, transcribing data from a computer-based media to paper (or other way round). Manual transcription is time-consuming and may lead to copy-errors. Therefore, manual transcription has to be avoided."},{"question":"What is based on IT mission statement","answer":"information management goal"},{"question":"What are Service Catalogs?","answer":"A service catalog contains all available orders"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is involved in Goal Definition","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What is Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry, information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"What part Permanent Monitoring","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is The Regional- or National-Centric Strategy?","answer":"In the so-called regional- or national-centric strategy, the EHR is maintained centrally by a public institution. This can be on a regional or nationwide level."},{"question":"What are Entity Types?","answer":"Is a representation of an object class and of the data describing the objects of this class, if these data are stored or could/should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Escalation","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What updates Personnel Expenditure","answer":"Resource Planning"},{"question":"What is Clinical Information System?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"What are Information Processing Tools?","answer":"An application component or a physical data processing system. Can be either computer-based or non-computer-based (e.g., paper-based)."},{"question":"What part strategic IT planning","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What are Functional Redundancys?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by more than one application component. The opposite is functional leanness."},{"question":"What are Messages?","answer":"Set of data that are arranged as a unit in order to be communicated between application components."},{"question":"What is associated with Organization Chart","answer":"Organizational Structure"},{"question":"What is Controlling?","answer":"Gathering and aggregating financial and other data about the hospital\u2019s operation in order to control and optimize them. This covers, for example, staff controlling, process controlling, material controlling, and financial controlling."},{"question":"What uses Quality","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"What are Organizational Units?","answer":"Part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities (e.g., the radiology department). Organizational units perform enterprise functions."},{"question":"What part Information Object","answer":"Business Process"},{"question":"What part Control View","answer":"ARIS"},{"question":"What are Decompositions?","answer":"Decompositions describe part-of relationships. The respective superordination is called"},{"question":"Who is Linear?","answer":"Two physical data processing systems are interconnected in order to form a line. Data are passed from one physical data processing system to the other as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"What is involved in Decision Making and Patient Information","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"Who is 2-Phase-Commit-Protocol?","answer":"The \u201c2-phase commit protocol\u201d was developed for transaction management in DB n architectures. In the initial phase, this protocol checks if the transaction can be carried out by all affected database systems. Only if the changes are possible everywhere, they are actually carried out in a second phase in all database systems."},{"question":"What are Information System Models?","answer":"An information system model is a model describing the architecture of the hospital\u2019s information system. Model that comprises several models such as a functional model, technical model, organizational model, data model, and business process model. Beyond this, information system models consider the dependencies of these models. An example of a metamodel for creating information system models is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"What are Utility Analysiss?","answer":"An economic analysis that compares costs and consequences of an information system component, taking personal preferences into account by including weighting factors for each criterion."},{"question":"Who approves Evaluation Criterion?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Lot","answer":"Tender"},{"question":"What are Patient Administration Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting patient administration."},{"question":"What supports Information Management","answer":"3LGM² Tool"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Annual IT Budget?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is ISO 25000 Software Quality?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"What part Problem Management","answer":"Service Operation"},{"question":"What uses Controlling","answer":"Inventory Management"},{"question":"What part Service Transition","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What is Data Integration?","answer":"Data integration is obtained in a hospital information system when data that have been recorded are available wherever they are needed, without having to be reentered. Thus, each data item needs to be recorded, changed, deleted, or otherwise edited just once, even if it is used in several application components."},{"question":"Who is Qualitative Interview?","answer":"This comprises all forms of semi- or unstructured interviews that use open questions, thus generating free-text as results."},{"question":"What is 2-tier Architecture?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"What part Study Entry Form","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What is associated with project controlling","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What is Interoperability?","answer":"Ability of two or more components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. A component that is called interoperable may, for example, support certain communication standards or certain integration technologies."},{"question":"What uses Progress Document","answer":"Creation of Final Report"},{"question":"What are Technical Models?","answer":"Model describing the information processing tools used in an enterprise. Concepts typically offered are physical data processing systems and application components."},{"question":"What are Models?","answer":"A description of what the modeler thinks to be relevant of a system. In the sciences, models commonly represent a simplified depiction of reality or excerpts of it. Models are adapted to answer certain questions or to solve certain tasks. Models may be developed based on metamodels."},{"question":"What is based on Information Requirement","answer":"information need"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Presentation","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Initiation","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Planning?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is RPC?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"Who is HIS Stakeholder?","answer":"Anyone who has direct or indirect influence on or interest in a component of an information system."},{"question":"Who is LIS?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"Who is mobile physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, mobile tools like PDA and tablet-PC, which are not restricted to a certain working place, are available."},{"question":"What part Project Deviation","answer":"Project Progression"},{"question":"What uses Information Behaviour","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What are IHE Connect-a-thons?","answer":"IHE offers comprehensive test software enabling vendors to test their products\u2019 interfaces for IHE compliance and organizes large cross vendor testing events called \u201cIHE connect-a-thon\u201d (from \u201cconnection\u201d and \u201cmarathon\u201d)."},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-M Communication Standards?","answer":"Communication standards describe how messages of a certain data format are communicated when a certain event occurs"},{"question":"What is responsible for Data Security","answer":"Data Security Officer"},{"question":"What is Spaghetti Style?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What supports Creation Of Build Packages","answer":"Build Package Component"},{"question":"What part Project Team","answer":"Project Organization"},{"question":"What approves Project Goal","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is associated with Measuring Technique","answer":"SLA"},{"question":"What part Target State Model","answer":"Target Concept"},{"question":"What updates Laundry","answer":"Laundry Management"},{"question":"What is Sustainability?","answer":"How sustainable is the overall software product? For example, a R IS software is still built on the programming language that is not further supported and developed."},{"question":"What are Referential Integritys?","answer":"Correct assignment of entities, for example the assignment of cases to a certain patient, or of results to a case. A precondition is object identity. Referential integrity is an important condition for integrity within health information systems."},{"question":"What is Fulfillment of Laws relevant to Information Management?","answer":"In each country, different laws affect health information processing, addressing, for example, organization of health care, financing of health care, and health statistics. Those laws must be taken into account by information management."},{"question":"What updates DRG","answer":"Patient Billing"},{"question":"What is Return-on-Investment Study?","answer":"An economic analysis that describes how much an investment on an information system component pays back in a fixed period of time."},{"question":"What part strategic information management","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What is Reliability?","answer":"Can an application component provide defined services for a defined time under certain conditions? For example, a RIS has no down-times and is tolerant with regard to wrong data entry by a user."},{"question":"What part Failure Management","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What is based on Project Goal","answer":"Target Definition"},{"question":"What is based on Success Factor","answer":"Corporate Success"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Verification (System Analysis)?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What are Teleradiologys?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists' remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Information Management Task?","answer":"Steering Committee"},{"question":"Who is Physical Tool?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"What part Asset Accounting","answer":"Financial Accounting"},{"question":"What part Resource Overview","answer":"Detailed Planning"},{"question":"What is Decomposition?","answer":"Decompositions describe part-of relationships. The respective superordination is called"},{"question":"What part Use Case","answer":"Functional Specification Document"},{"question":"What are IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharings?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"What part Change Request Protocol","answer":"Change Request"},{"question":"What are Balance of Functional Leanness and Functional Redundancys?","answer":"Functional leanness describes a situation where one hospital function is supported by one and only one application component; the opposite is functional redundancy (see also Sect. 8.7.4 ), which results in additional costs both for investment and maintenance."},{"question":"What are admissions?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"What part Pharmacy","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What updates Sample Size","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What part management system","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Nursing Procedure?","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"What is associated with Activity","answer":"Enterprise Function"},{"question":"Who is Strategic Information Management Plan?","answer":"Is a strategic plan which gives directives for the construction and development of a hospital\u2019s information system. Written document that includes the direction and strategy of information management and the architecture of a health information system. Typically, it describes the hospital\u2019s goals, the information management goals, the current HIS state, the future HIS state, and the steps to transform the current HIS into the planned HIS. Its establishment is an important task of strategic HIS planning. The strategic information management plan should be written by the CIO and approved by the hospital management."},{"question":"What part Order Form","answer":"Order"},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-S Invoking Interface","answer":"3LGM²-S"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Source Code","answer":"Source Control Component"},{"question":"What are certifiable physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, the tools used in the intensive care unit are certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"What part IHE Content Profile","answer":"IHE Domain"},{"question":"Who approves Service Level Agreement?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What part method","answer":"information management model"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Enterprise Functions?","answer":"The class of all activities interpreting the same set of entity types and updating the same set of entity types is called an information processing enterprise function (short: enterprise function). An enterprise function is a directive in an institution on how to interpret data about entity types and then update data about entity types as a consequence of this interpretation. The goal of data interpretation and updates is part of or contributes to (sub) goals of the institution. A function has no definitive beginning or end. Similar to an activity, an enterprise function is said to interpret entity types and update entity types."},{"question":"What are Usability Studys?","answer":"Assessment of the user friendliness of an IT component with special  \u2022 focus on the interaction between an IT component and its users"},{"question":"What is Authenticity of Data?","answer":"Describes that data have an established authorship. For example, the authorship of a discharge report is clear and indisputable."},{"question":"What are Functional Leannesss?","answer":"Condition of an information system where an enterprise function is supported by one and only one application component. The opposite is functional redundancy."},{"question":"What updates Target Definition","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What is Non-Computer-Based Application Component?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are not implemented as executable software but as organizational rules."},{"question":"What is responsible for IT Service","answer":"IT-Abteilung"},{"question":"What uses Study Plan","answer":"Execution of an IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What is associated with Semantic Integration","answer":"ICD"},{"question":"What is responsible for OpenEHR Ontology","answer":"OpenEHR"},{"question":"Who approves Target value?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is Master Application Component?","answer":"For every redundantly stored entity type, an application component is determined as the master application component for this entity type. Thus, data about entities of this type can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component. Application component that contains the original data about a given entity type. In case of redundant data storage, other application components may hold copies of these data, but these data can only be inserted, deleted, or changed in this master application component; data integrity in the other application components has to be maintained by communicating new copies of the original data to the other application components."},{"question":"What uses Method for System Assessment","answer":"Planning of System Assessment"},{"question":"What part SOA Service","answer":"SOA"},{"question":"Who is Result Document?","answer":"Die Ergebnisdokumentation enthält die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Arbeitspakete. Die Art der Dokumente, die hier entstehen, hängt vom Projekt selber ab (z. B. Analyseberichte, Pflichtenhefte, Schulungskonzepte oder Evaluationsberichte)."},{"question":"What updates Patient","answer":"Appointment Scheduling"},{"question":"What is associated with Product","answer":"Test"},{"question":"What communicates with Outpatient Management System","answer":"Laboratory Information System"},{"question":"Who is Bed?","answer":"Must be managed according to its occupation"},{"question":"What uses 3LGM² Entity Type","answer":"3LGM² Enterprise Function"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Enterprise Function","answer":"3LGM² Information Process"},{"question":"What is involved in Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What is Architecture of an Information System?","answer":"Fundamental organization of an information system, represented by its components, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and by the principles guiding its design and evolution. Architectures can be summarized into certain architectural styles."},{"question":"Who is Bundespflegesatzverordnung?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"What updates Project Outline Proposal","answer":"Formulation of a Project Idea"},{"question":"What is associated with Capability Maturity Model","answer":"Capability Maturity Model Integration"},{"question":"Who is Efficiency?","answer":"How much resources are needed for an application component? For example, a RIS has a good response rate of less than 1 s for most of the functionalities."},{"question":"What uses Inductive Approach","answer":"Qualitative Content Analysis"},{"question":"What is IT Service Management?","answer":"IT service management (ITSM) is information management centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of IT\u2019s contribution to the business, in contrast to technology-centered approaches. It comprises all measures and methods that are necessary to support the business processes. Information management that is centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of the contribution of a HIS to a business, in contrast to more technology-centered approaches. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT service management."},{"question":"What part Risk Plan","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"Who role component HIS Stakeholder?","answer":"Information Management Board"},{"question":"What part Tendering","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What part Planning of Organizational Procedures","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is Balance of Computer-Based and Non-Computer-Based Tools?","answer":"It is the task of information management to manage information processing in such a way that the goals of the hospital can be reached best. So, for a hospital whose goal is to provide very personal and humane treatment, it might be sensible, for example, to abstain from the use of technology and especially computers for all immediate physician-patient contact."},{"question":"What part Scheduling and Resource Planning with the Medical Service Unit","answer":"Scheduling and Resource Allocation"},{"question":"What are Standardization of Datas?","answer":"Data are uniformly recorded and there are clear rules on what data and how the data are recorded and stored."},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Physical Data Processing Systems?","answer":"A physical data processing system is a physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data. We denote receiving, storing, forwarding and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Support?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with the class \"function\" only mediates the use of another computer-based application component which supports the enterprise function"},{"question":"What updates Prioritized Bid List","answer":"Bid Prioritization"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Priorisation?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What part Team Management","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What is EN1613?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What are Third-Level Supports?","answer":"addresses the most severe problems that cannot be solved by the second-level support. It can consist, for example, of specialists from the software vendor"},{"question":"What are Functional Coverage of the Application Components?","answer":"functional coverage of the application components (e.g., level of saturation of the overall HIS architecture, see Sect. 8.2.2 , or percentage of documents primarily created in computer-based form)."},{"question":"What is Semantic Integration?","answer":"Semantic integration is guaranteed if different application components use the same system of concepts, that is, they interpret data the same way. Condition of an information system where different application components use the same system of concepts, i.e., they interpret data the same way, or where different systems of concepts used by application components are mapped to each other (e.g., using medical data dictionaries)."},{"question":"What supports Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures","answer":"Operation Management System"},{"question":"Who is ORU?","answer":"ORU stands for an unsolicited observational result (e.g., a radiology report)."},{"question":"What is Double Examination?","answer":"To examine the same aspect twice. Often needed when a patient is transferred from one department to another while there is no data integration so that the new department cannot see and use the results from former examinations. [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What are Managements?","answer":"management comprises all leadership activities that determine the institution\u2019s goals, structures, and behaviors. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s goals, structures, and activities. Management can stand for an institution or an enterprise function. As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning, monitoring, and directing all activities of subordinate units. As an enterprise function, management comprises all leadership activities that determine the enterprise\u2019s\ngoals, structures, and behaviors."},{"question":"What is Controlling Report?","answer":"Summarizes monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) and compares them to the expected future state"},{"question":"What is responsible for System Specification","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Manager Assignment","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What uses ITIL Version 2","answer":"IT Service Management"},{"question":"What uses ITIL Version 3","answer":"IT Service Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for Independent Health Record Bank","answer":"neutral independent health bank actor"},{"question":"Who is Therapeutic Procedure?","answer":"treatment of physical or mental illness"},{"question":"What key Data Object IT Investment Portfolio Component","answer":"IT Budget"},{"question":"What increases Leanness of Information Processing Tools","answer":"Contextual Integration"},{"question":"What uses Randomisation","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"Who is Integrated HIS?","answer":"Integrated HIS means that all necessary measures have been taken to ensure integrity of data by integration"},{"question":"What updates Intrapersonal Information Behavior","answer":"cognition"},{"question":"What uses Fallback Concept","answer":"Roll Out"},{"question":"What are Transinstitutional Health Information Systems?","answer":"Information system of a health care network."},{"question":"Who role component Operator?","answer":"Lower Management"},{"question":"What is Director of Information Systems?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What are PINs?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"What is North American Nursing Diagnoses Association?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"What part DICOM Service","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine"},{"question":"What increases Failure Safety","answer":"Redundancy of Centralized Technical System"},{"question":"Who is Integration?","answer":"Integration in general describes a union of parts making a whole. /But besides this meaning as a property of a system, \u201cintegration\u201d additionally stands for the actions to be taken in order to achieve this property and thus has a behavioral perspective. describes a union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. A union of parts making a whole, which \u2013 as opposed to its parts \u2013 displays a new quality. We speak of integrated health information system if we want to express that it is a union that represents more than just a set of independent components. To achieve this integration, the components need to be interoperable. We expect positive consequences for the quality of information processing by integration. Different types of integration on the logical tool layer are data integration, semantic integration, access integration, presentation integration, contextual integration, and process integration. On the physical tool layer, physical integration is important."},{"question":"What are Materials?","answer":"Is medical strip, bandage, needle, etc."},{"question":"What uses Patient History","answer":"Nursing Admission"},{"question":"What are Inductive Approachs?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined while reading and analyzing the text."},{"question":"Who approves Maintenance Contract?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is UML Class Diagram?","answer":"consist of classes, abstract classes and associations between classes."},{"question":"What uses User Support Concept","answer":"User Support"},{"question":"Who is Data Metamodel?","answer":"data metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HISdata metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HIS"},{"question":"What is associated with Transaction Management","answer":"2-Phase-Commit-Protocol"},{"question":"Who is Architectural Style?","answer":"Combines architectures of information systems that are equivalent with regard to certain characteristics. On the logical tool layer, these characteristics comprise number of databases (DB 1 versus DB n ), number of application components (AC 1 versus AC n ), number of software products and vendors (V 1 versus V n ), and communication patterns (star versus spaghetti architecture and CP 1 versus CP n , respectively). On the physical tool layer, we can, for example, distinguish the mainframe architecture (1-tier architecture or T 1 ) and the client-server architectural style (2-tier architecture or T 2 , 3-tier architecture or T 3 )."},{"question":"What approves Interim Report","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What uses System Specification Method","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What updates Model","answer":"Execution of Verification Meeting"},{"question":"What part Requirements Engineering","answer":"Information Acquisition (Specification)"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Logical Tool Layer","answer":"Three-Layer Graph-based Metamodel"},{"question":"What is Operational HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper responses to operating problems of components of the hospital information system, that is, to provide backup facilities, to operate a service desk, to maintain servers, and to keep task forces available for repairing network components, servers, personal computers, printers, etc. Directing in this context deals with engaging the resources planned by the strategic information management plan in such a way that faultless operation of the hospital information system is ensured."},{"question":"What are Performance of the Application Components?","answer":"The performance of an application component can be described by its response time."},{"question":"What are Archiving of Patient Informations?","answer":"Relevant data and documents containing patient information must be created, gathered, presented, and stored such that they are efficiently retrievable during the whole process of patient treatment. The storage of these data and documents is primarily done in patient records. Today, usually a mixture of paper-based and computer-based patient records is used. Certain legal requirements usually must be considered."},{"question":"What uses Project","answer":"Tactical Information Management"},{"question":"What uses Strategy","answer":"action planning"},{"question":"Who is Project Plan?","answer":"This plan has to describe the project's subject and motivation, the problems to be solved, the goals to be achieved, the tasks to be performed, and the activities to be undertaken to reach the goals."},{"question":"What uses Requirement","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What updates Project Order","answer":"Placing a Project Order"},{"question":"What part OpenEHR Model of Content","answer":"OpenEHR Ontology"},{"question":"What is Archiving?","answer":"Long-time storing (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on legal regulations) of documents and records, especially of patient records, after discharge of a patient."},{"question":"What are Informed Consents?","answer":"Is a patient \u2019s consent to the proposed treatment"},{"question":"What are Virtualizations?","answer":"We speak of virtualization when, either, one or more physical data processing systems simulate one physical data processing system (cluster), or one physical data processing simulates one or more physical data processing systems (virtual machine)."},{"question":"What part Preparation and Modeling (Specification)","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"Who is Integrity of Data?","answer":"Comprises the mere correctness (e.g., correct diagnosis ), object identity (e.g., correct identification of every patient by a unique patient identification number), referential integrity (e.g., each clinical report can uniquely be linked to a patient ), and consistency of redundant data (e.g., the name of a patient is not spelled differently in different databases)."},{"question":"What is Software Quality?","answer":"Functionality, reliability, efficiency, maintainability, portability, and usability of a software product."},{"question":"What uses Modeling Method","answer":"Preparation and Modeling (Specification)"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Software Products?","answer":"A software product is a set of rules, represented by software being stored at a certain medium but not implemented and actually executable yet."},{"question":"What are Strategic Information Managements?","answer":"Strategic information management deals with information processing as a whole. Strategic information management deals with the hospital\u2019s information processing as a whole. It depends strictly on the hospital\u2019s business strategy and strategic goals and has to translate these into an appropriate information strategy. One part of information management. Deals with the enterprise\u2019s information processing as a whole and establishes strategies and principles for the evolution of the information system. An important result of strategic information management activities is a strategic information management plan which is aligned with the hospital\u2019s business strategy."},{"question":"What uses Strategic Alignment Model","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"What is Electronic Patient Record System?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"Who is Computer System?","answer":"A computer-based physical data processing tool, for example, a terminal, server, or personal computer. Computer systems can be physically connected via data wires, leading to physical networks."},{"question":"What is multifunctional physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, a personal computer or a mobile tool can be used for more than one task."},{"question":"What is responsible for Bid","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is ADT?","answer":"ADT stands for messages related to admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient. Admission, discharge, and transfer of a patient, as part of patient administration."},{"question":"Who is Usability?","answer":"Is the application component easy to use? For more details on software ergonomics, see next paragraph."},{"question":"Who is associated with project controlling?","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Communication Link","answer":"3LGM² Logical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What updates Maintenance Contract","answer":"Maintenance of Application Systems"},{"question":"What is Study Exploration?","answer":"can be characterized by the following questions: \u2022 Who wants the information from the evaluation study? (Identify the major sponsors for the evaluation.) \u2022 What is the strategic objective of the study? \u2022 What is the intended audience? \u2022 What is the organizational and political context for the evaluation studies to take place? \u2022 What are the major stakeholder groups that should be involved in the preparation of the study? \u2022 What is the available budget ? \u2022 Is there sufficient political acceptance in the institution to go on?"},{"question":"What part Logical Operator Modeling Element","answer":"EPK"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Presentation?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"Who is Hospital Management?","answer":"Hospital management decides on questions of fundamental importance for the hospital development (hospital goals, strategic decisions, personnel decisions and decisions about budget , investments, and key treatments)."},{"question":"What is MPI?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"What part Communication Link","answer":"Communication Interface"},{"question":"What uses Projects List","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"What key Data Object Chargeback / Showback Component","answer":"Chargeback Contract"},{"question":"What are Visual Integrations?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Quality?","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"Who is HL7 Standard?","answer":"Important communication standard in health care supporting the transfer of patient- and case-based messages, excluding image data. HL7 describes the events and structure of messages that are exchanged between application components."},{"question":"What part Machbarkeitsstudie","answer":"action planning"},{"question":"What supports Fulfillment of Strategic Hospital Goal","answer":"Hospital Information System"},{"question":"Who role component User?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What are Decision Support Systems?","answer":"A knowledge-based system which assists a doctor in finding the right diagnosis or treatment for a specific patient"},{"question":"What is associated with Architecture","answer":"Architecture Principle"},{"question":"What increases Project Experience","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What is Linear?","answer":"Two physical data processing systems are interconnected in order to form a line. Data are passed from one physical data processing system to the other as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"What are Event Counting Studys?","answer":"Event counting comprises observations of clinical situations or processes or analysis of available data (e.g., log fi les), counting the number of events that occur in a given time period."},{"question":"What are Medical Procedures?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a doctor, e.g., radiological examination, operation"},{"question":"What is RFC?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What is Durability?","answer":"Durability stands for persistence of the transaction\u2019s results."},{"question":"What part Objective Information Requirement","answer":"Information Requirement"},{"question":"What part Paper-Based Patient Record","answer":"Patient Record Archive"},{"question":"What uses Test Operation Specification","answer":"Test Operation"},{"question":"What is associated with performance","answer":"Performance Potential"},{"question":"What uses Net Plan","answer":"Time to Run Calculation"},{"question":"What is Decision Support System?","answer":"A knowledge-based system which assists a doctor in finding the right diagnosis or treatment for a specific patient"},{"question":"What uses Quality Report","answer":"Strategic Information Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Communication Interface","answer":"3LGM² Communication Interface"},{"question":"What are Benchmarkings?","answer":"Describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria (key performance indicators). Method of strategic monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What is associated with BD","answer":"project or organizational risk"},{"question":"What is Radiology Information System?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"What is based on Business Process Metamodel","answer":"Business Process Reference Model"},{"question":"What are European Norm 12538s?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"What part information system plan","answer":"strategic IT plan"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Maintenance Window Execution?","answer":"Maintenance Window Coordinator"},{"question":"Who is RIS?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"What part Approval to Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Life Cycle Management of Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What is responsible for Execution of Training Course","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What part IT Governance Function","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What uses Bed","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What is based on Data Modeling Method","answer":"Data View"},{"question":"What is associated with Enterprise Function","answer":"Business Process"},{"question":"What part Version Management","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"Who is involved in Invoice Verification?","answer":"Department Manager"},{"question":"Who is Quality of HIS Structures?","answer":"Availability of technical or human resources needed for information processing. It comprises quality of data, quality of computer-based application components, quality of physical data processing systems, and quality of HIS architectures."},{"question":"What is involved in Interview","answer":"Interviewer"},{"question":"Who is Infrastructure of an Information System?","answer":"Types, number, and availability of information processing tools used in a given enterprise."},{"question":"What is Project?","answer":"Is a unique undertaking that is characterized by management by objectives, by restrictions with regard to available time and resources, and by a specific project organization (DIN 69901)"},{"question":"What part Project Execution Result Document","answer":"Project Execution Document"},{"question":"What are IT Service Managements?","answer":"IT service management (ITSM) is information management centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of IT\u2019s contribution to the business, in contrast to technology-centered approaches. It comprises all measures and methods that are necessary to support the business processes. Information management that is centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of the contribution of a HIS to a business, in contrast to more technology-centered approaches. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT service management."},{"question":"What uses Bill","answer":"Financial Accounting"},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM² Information Process","answer":"Information Process"},{"question":"Who is associated with position?","answer":"Role"},{"question":"What is associated with Non-Computer-Based Physical Data Processing System","answer":"Organizational Plan"},{"question":"What are Terminal Servers?","answer":"run the front-end part of application software, which traditionally has been implemented on and run by clients."},{"question":"What are Directings?","answer":"Executing a plan. Directing in strategic information management means to transform a strategic information management plan into projects. Directing in tactical information management means the execution of projects, based on a project plan. Directing in operational information management means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper reactions to operating problems of components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"Who is involved in Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment?","answer":"Health Care Professional"},{"question":"What is associated with Organizational Unit","answer":"Job"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Interim Report Creation?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part physical infrastructure","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"What uses Top-down Approach","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"Who is responsible for IT Service?","answer":"IT-Abteilung"},{"question":"What is associated with Information System Safety","answer":"IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What uses Schedule Representation Method","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What are Order Entrys?","answer":"Process of entering and transmitting a clinical order to a specialized diagnostic or therapeutic service unit (e.g., lab, radiology, surgery) or to another health care professional. The available service spectrum offered by a service unit may be presented in the form of catalogs."},{"question":"What updates Business Process","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What part Transfer","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What uses Electronic Health Record","answer":"Quality Management"},{"question":"What is responsible for First-Level Support","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"What is based on real objective","answer":"information management model"},{"question":"What are ITILs?","answer":"The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT Service management. ITIL was developed for the British Government in order to define best practices for all governmental computing centers."},{"question":"What is Hospital Function?","answer":"actions to be undertaken in health care in order to process data and information and to thereby contribute to the mission of health care. A hospital function is an enterprise function of a hospital."},{"question":"What is responsible for Third-Level Support","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is Strategic HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring as part of strategic information management means continuously auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals."},{"question":"What is CSF?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"Who is Nursing Admission?","answer":"Nursing admission typically comprises the introduction of the patient to the ward and nursing history and is done by the responsible nurse. For the nursing history there may be computer-based or department-specific, (semi-)standardized data entry forms available. These may contain information about the current diagnoses and therapy, orientation, mobility etc. The information should be available during the whole stay."},{"question":"Who is Reference Model?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"What part Bid Prioritization","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What part Planned State","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What uses External Finding","answer":"Decision Making and Patient Information"},{"question":"What part Detailed Planning","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What is ITIL?","answer":"The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT Service management. ITIL was developed for the British Government in order to define best practices for all governmental computing centers."},{"question":"What is IHE Connect-a-thon?","answer":"IHE offers comprehensive test software enabling vendors to test their products\u2019 interfaces for IHE compliance and organizes large cross vendor testing events called \u201cIHE connect-a-thon\u201d (from \u201cconnection\u201d and \u201cmarathon\u201d)."},{"question":"What part SAP Controlling","answer":"SAPERP"},{"question":"What uses Product Presentation","answer":"Execution of Product Presentation"},{"question":"What uses Corporate Strategy","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"What part interpersonel information behavior","answer":"information behavior"},{"question":"What is associated with Information Storage","answer":"Hospital Information System"},{"question":"Who is IT Service Management?","answer":"IT service management (ITSM) is information management centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of IT\u2019s contribution to the business, in contrast to technology-centered approaches. It comprises all measures and methods that are necessary to support the business processes. Information management that is centered on the customer\u2019s perspective of the contribution of a HIS to a business, in contrast to more technology-centered approaches. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT service management."},{"question":"What updates EN12538","answer":"Standardization by CEN"},{"question":"What updates EN12539","answer":"Standardization by CEN"},{"question":"What is Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Execution?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What updates Information Management Concept","answer":"Creation of Information Management Concept"},{"question":"Who is Homogeneity of the HIS Architecture?","answer":"The homogeneity of the HIS architecture is described by the number of different application Components"},{"question":"What part Appointment Scheduling","answer":"Patient Admission"},{"question":"What are Chief Information Officers?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What is responsible for Information Management","answer":"Information Technology Director"},{"question":"What are Virtual Private Networks?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"What updates Research Document","answer":"Research Management"},{"question":"Who is involved in System Handover?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Forming Phase","answer":"Team Formation"},{"question":"Who is CVIS?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What supports Execution of Diagnostic Therapeutic and Nursing Procedures","answer":"Outpatient Management System"},{"question":"Who is involved in Tender Opening?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What is Application System?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"Who is Adaptability?","answer":"Can a software product be easily adapted to the working context? For example, functionality of a RIS software can be adapted to the particular workflow in a specific radiology."},{"question":"What are Procedure Classs?","answer":"Is an aggregation of procedures with similar properties"},{"question":"What decreases risk","answer":"contract"},{"question":"What are Component Alignment Models?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What is Clinical Document Architecture?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"What uses Authorization Concept","answer":"Customization Testing"},{"question":"What part Project Budget","answer":"Project Specification"},{"question":"Who is involved in Information Acquisition (Evaluation)?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What part Transfer Diagnosis","answer":"Administrative Data"},{"question":"What part Preparation of System Introduction","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"Who is Architecture of an Information System?","answer":"Fundamental organization of an information system, represented by its components, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and by the principles guiding its design and evolution. Architectures can be summarized into certain architectural styles."},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-M Message Types?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"What is associated with TISS","answer":"Patient Data Management System"},{"question":"What uses Project Scope","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What is Homogeneity of the HIS Architecture?","answer":"The homogeneity of the HIS architecture is described by the number of different application Components"},{"question":"Who is Clinical Research?","answer":"generalization of findings and experiences to gain new knowledge.120"},{"question":"What part Actor","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What are Asynchronous Communications?","answer":"Form of communication where the application component sending a message will continue its tasks without interruption even when awaiting a response message from the communication partner."},{"question":"What part Project Team Termination","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What are Balanced Networks?","answer":"Balanced networks show medium degrees of centrality and intensity."},{"question":"What are Error Tolerances?","answer":"Can the task be completed if obviously wrong input is entered by the user, with either little or no effort to correct it?"},{"question":"Who is Case?","answer":"Mostly comprises a patient \u2019s stay in a hospital from patient admission to patient discharge or several ambulatory treatments related to one disease; information about a case includes the case identification number (CIN)"},{"question":"Who is ISO 9001?","answer":"ISO 9001 is a Quality Management Standard."},{"question":"What are EN1613s?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What updates Project Document","answer":"Project Documentation"},{"question":"What part Outpatient Management System","answer":"Electronic Patient Record System"},{"question":"Who is Internal Quality Management?","answer":"Internal Quality Management assures a defined quality of all processes and outcomes of the hospital"},{"question":"What are Balance of Computer-Based and Non-Computer-Based Toolss?","answer":"It is the task of information management to manage information processing in such a way that the goals of the hospital can be reached best. So, for a hospital whose goal is to provide very personal and humane treatment, it might be sensible, for example, to abstain from the use of technology and especially computers for all immediate physician-patient contact."},{"question":"What is responsible for Purchase Order Processing","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What are Suitability for Individualizations?","answer":"Can the user interface be adapted to the tasks and to the individual skills and needs of the user?"},{"question":"What part HL7 CDA","answer":"HL7 Version 3"},{"question":"What are Business Process Metamodels?","answer":"business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order;business process metamodels, which focus on the description of what is done in which chronological and logical order."},{"question":"What part Chief Information Officer","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What are Infrastructure of an Information Systems?","answer":"Types, number, and availability of information processing tools used in a given enterprise."},{"question":"Who is Quality of Processes?","answer":"In medicine, quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What part First-Level Support","answer":"User Support"},{"question":"What are Operational HIS Directings?","answer":"Directing means the sum of all management activities that are necessary to ensure proper responses to operating problems of components of the hospital information system, that is, to provide backup facilities, to operate a service desk, to maintain servers, and to keep task forces available for repairing network components, servers, personal computers, printers, etc. Directing in this context deals with engaging the resources planned by the strategic information management plan in such a way that faultless operation of the hospital information system is ensured."},{"question":"What part Nursing Procedure","answer":"Nursing Care Plan"},{"question":"What is Reference Model?","answer":"A model is called a reference model for a certain class of systems and a certain class of questions or tasks dealing with these systems, if it provides model patterns supporting \u2022 the derivation of more specific models through modifications, limitations, or completions (generic reference models) or \u2022 direct comparison of different models with the reference model concerning certain quality aspects of the modeled systems (e.g., completeness, styles of system\u2019s architecture) (nongeneric reference models)."},{"question":"What part Technical Preparation","answer":"Preparation of System Introduction"},{"question":"What are Laboratory Information Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"What updates Workflow Management","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"Who is Thin Client?","answer":"has only functionalities for displaying and for data entry, but has no storing capability."},{"question":"What key Data Object Offer Management Component","answer":"Offer"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Machbarkeitsstudie?","answer":"steering committee"},{"question":"What is Computer-Based Information System?","answer":"An information system that comprises (among others) computer-based information processing tools."},{"question":"Who is Service-Oriented Architecture?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"What is associated with Architecture of an Information System","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What updates Clinical Pathway","answer":"Decision Making and Patient Information"},{"question":"What part Department Asisstant","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What is Federated Database System?","answer":"A federated database system is an integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems which are part of respective application components. Integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems. The point of integration is to logically bring the database schemata of the component database systems to a single database schema, the federated database schema, in order to attain data integration even when there are redundant data in distributed health information systems."},{"question":"What is Multiple Usability of Data?","answer":"To avoid duplicate data entry, which is inefficient and prone to error, data should be recorded only once, even when they are stored in different databases. Condition where data are captured once but used for more than one task. A prerequisite is data integration. Multiple usability of data is one important benefit computer support can bring to health information systems."},{"question":"Who is Balanced Network?","answer":"Balanced networks show medium degrees of centrality and intensity."},{"question":"What is involved in Project Management","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What is responsible for Medical and Nursing Care Planning","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"Who is CEO?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What uses Operational Concept","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"Who is up-to-dateness?","answer":"For example, all client computers used are not older than 3 years."},{"question":"What are Web Servers?","answer":"Web site management"},{"question":"Who is Message Encryption?","answer":"Those messages transferred during communication in the context of notifications , teleconsultations, or teleconferences, and for the global use of patient records, have to be protected from unauthorized third party access. Encryption procedures based on public key infrastructures exist for these cases. They are sufficiently secure and can be obtained as commercial encryption software."},{"question":"What part IT Operation","answer":"Operational HIS Management"},{"question":"Who is Information Management Department?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What supports Transaction Management","answer":"Transaction Management Technology"},{"question":"What is Clinical Pathway?","answer":"Is an evidence-based approach that describes which activities have to be performed for a specific group of patients when and by whom"},{"question":"What part Definition of Introduction Strategy","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What is associated with Long-Term HIS Planning","answer":"Consultant"},{"question":"What are Business Process Models?","answer":"Model focusing on the dynamic view of information processing. Concepts typically offered are activities and their chronological and logical order. Often, other concepts can be added, such as the role or organizational unit that performs an activity, or the information processing tools that are used. Because of the number of different perspectives, various business process metamodels exist, such as simple process chains, eventdriven process chains, activity diagrams, and Petri nets."},{"question":"What are Object Identitys?","answer":"Object identity comes from object-oriented programming and means that an object has an existence that is independent of its value. Applying this to the representation of entity types in a database leads to the requirement that the representation of every entity must be uniquely identifiable. Condition of an information system where the representation of every entity is uniquely identifiable. In a health information system, this is especially important for patients and cases because all medical data need to be assigned to a particular patient and his or her cases. Patient identification numbers and case identification numbers are used for that purpose. Object identity is an important condition for integrity within HIS."},{"question":"What are Medical Documentation Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting specific documentation tasks (e.g., patient history, planning of care, progress notes, report writing). Typically, it contains specialized modules for different medical fields."},{"question":"What uses Product","answer":"Product Presentation"},{"question":"What approves Change Request","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is secure physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools support data safety and data security as well as electrical safety. There exist standards such as ISO27001 3 that focus on these safety aspects."},{"question":"What uses Target Concept","answer":"System Development"},{"question":"What are ORUs?","answer":"ORU stands for an unsolicited observational result (e.g., a radiology report)."},{"question":"Who approves Corporate Governance of IT?","answer":"ITGI"},{"question":"What updates Human Resource","answer":"Work Organization and Time Management"},{"question":"What uses Elicitation Form","answer":"Preparation and Modelling"},{"question":"What is associated with Homogeneity of the HIS Architecture","answer":"Application Component"},{"question":"What is Case Mix Index?","answer":"The CMI is calculated from the patients\u2019 DRGs."},{"question":"What uses Reference Visit","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"Who role component Chief Financial Officer?","answer":"Hospital\u2019s Board of Directors"},{"question":"Who is responsible for IT Support?","answer":"Operational Information Management Staff"},{"question":"What is External Finding?","answer":"Is a finding of a previously treating health care provider"},{"question":"What updates Efficiency","answer":"\"KNA\""},{"question":"What updates strategic gap","answer":"Controlling"},{"question":"What is associated with Software Product","answer":"Feature"},{"question":"What part objective","answer":"Goal System"},{"question":"What updates Enterprise Function","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What is Outpatient Management System?","answer":"The outpatient management system is comparable to the medical documentation system.Application Component for outpatient units, supporting, among others, appointment scheduling, medical documentation, work organization, and billing."},{"question":"Who is Durability?","answer":"Durability stands for persistence of the transaction\u2019s results."},{"question":"What key Data Object Defect Component","answer":"Defect"},{"question":"What is Server?","answer":"are used to provide sophisticated features to clients"},{"question":"What is Open Archival Information System 3?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"Who is Chief of Information Services?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What part Evaluation of Teamwork","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What are Nursing Anamnesiss?","answer":"Comprises all information needed as a basis for nursing care planning"},{"question":"What uses Therapeutic Standard","answer":"Quality Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Corporate Success","answer":"Performance Potential"},{"question":"Who is Health Information System?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What part Result Verification","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What part Therapeutic Procedure","answer":"Operation Report"},{"question":"Who role component Chief Information Officer?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What is IHE Patient Demographics Query?","answer":"Demographics Query (PDQ) Integration Profile is to implement a central patient information server that is queried by other application components and retrieves the patient \u2019s demographic and visit information. The query can be based on the partial or complete patient name, a patient ID, date of birth, age range, or bed ID."},{"question":"Who is Presentation Integration?","answer":"Presentation integration is guaranteed when different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way. Condition of an information system where different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way."},{"question":"Who is flexible physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools used on a ward can be updated with new memory easily."},{"question":"What are Transcriptions?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, transfer of patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or copy of data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a media crack. Transcription usually leads to the duplication of data."},{"question":"What uses Strategic Hospital Goal","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"What uses Test Operation","answer":"Go-Live"},{"question":"What part Planning of Staff","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Directing","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Information Management?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Qualification Criterion?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What uses Information Behavior","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What supports Design Of Logical Services Blueprints","answer":"Service Design Component"},{"question":"Who is responsible for CISO?","answer":"Corporate Information Security Officer"},{"question":"What updates Project Duration","answer":"Creation of Schedule"},{"question":"What is Suitability for Individualization?","answer":"Can the user interface be adapted to the tasks and to the individual skills and needs of the user?"},{"question":"What part Class","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"Who is User Satisfaction?","answer":"by regular user surveys"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Communication Interface","answer":"3LGM² Logical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What communicates with Patient Administration System","answer":"ERP System"},{"question":"Who is Tactical HIS Planning?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What supports Execution of Nursing Procedures","answer":"Nursing Management and Documentation System"},{"question":"What decreases Double Examination","answer":"Data Integration"},{"question":"What part Protocol","answer":"Progress Document"},{"question":"What are multifunctional physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, a personal computer or a mobile tool can be used for more than one task."},{"question":"Who is Health Care Regulation?","answer":"Is a regulation or law to be observed by health care institutions (see examples in Sect. 8.4.3)"},{"question":"What are standardized physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, all computer-based physical tools follow predefined standards for technical interfaces"},{"question":"What is responsible for Operational Information Management","answer":"Departmental System Administrator"},{"question":"What are Facility Managements?","answer":"Facility management comprises the management of buildings, areas, and utilities of the hospital and also influences KPIs"},{"question":"Who is PDF/A?","answer":"PDF/A is an ISO standard for long-time archiving of documents based on the Portable Document Format (PDF)."},{"question":"Who is Confidentiality?","answer":"Clinical data should be kept confidential. For e xample, the diagnoses of a patient are only accessible by the treating health care professionals."},{"question":"What are North American Nursing Diagnoses Associations?","answer":"NANDA=North American Nursing Diagnoses Association, the abbreviation is often used synonymously for the international classification of nursing diagnoses"},{"question":"What part Resource Coordination","answer":"Project Directing"},{"question":"Who is Nursing Management and Documentation System?","answer":"The nursing management and documentation system offers similar features as the medical documentation system. Application component for nursing documentation, supporting all phases of the nursing process such as nursing patient history, nursing care planning, execution of nursing tasks, and evaluation of results."},{"question":"What is responsible for Jour Fixe","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What are ICD10s?","answer":"An example for a system of concepts in medicine is the International Classification of Diagnoses (ICD, currently most prevalent in version 10). For more information: World Health Organization (WHO): Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/whosis/icd10."},{"question":"What is Quality of Health Care Processes?","answer":"Quality of processes describes the quality of activities carried out by care providers (e.g., adherence to professional standards, appropriateness of care)."},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-S Service Class","answer":"3LGM²-S"},{"question":"What is Cost Accounting?","answer":"For controlling purposes, it is necessary to keep track of services, their costs, and who has received them. Cost accounting usually investigates which costs incur (cost-type accounting), where costs incur (cost center accounting), and for what activities or services costs incur (cost unit accounting). According to the accounting purpose, the time period to be observed and the scope of the costs to be accounted have to be defined. The results of cost accounting , that is, KPIs , serve as input for controlling"},{"question":"What increases Team Development","answer":"Kick-Off-Meeting"},{"question":"What supports Report Writing","answer":"Digital Dictation System"},{"question":"Who is HIS Quality?","answer":"HIS quality is a matter of finding optima in a multidimensional space with myriads of restrictions. Due to this it is hardly possible to provide information managers with a simple checklist to find out whether the HIS is good or not. Several specific approaches and initiatives are dealing with this issues of HIS quality.  [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What part Goal","answer":"5-Level-Method for Systematic Structural Planning"},{"question":"Who is IHE Connect-a-thon?","answer":"IHE offers comprehensive test software enabling vendors to test their products\u2019 interfaces for IHE compliance and organizes large cross vendor testing events called \u201cIHE connect-a-thon\u201d (from \u201cconnection\u201d and \u201cmarathon\u201d)."},{"question":"What part Business Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What are Presentation Integrations?","answer":"Presentation integration is guaranteed when different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way. Condition of an information system where different application components represent data as well as user interfaces in a unified way."},{"question":"What part Study Question","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What are Application Systems?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What uses information infrastructure component","answer":"Administrative Information Management Task"},{"question":"What are up-to-datenesss?","answer":"For example, all client computers used are not older than 3 years."},{"question":"What is responsible for IT General Ledger Account Planning","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What are Clinical Documentations?","answer":"Documentation in clinical environment. Recording all clinically relevant patient data that arise during patient care as completely, correctly, and quickly as possible. This supports the coordination of patient treatment between all involved health care professionals, and also the legal justification of the actions taken. Structured documentation of data is a precondition for data aggregation and statistics, computerized decision support, and retrieval of data. Is supported by medical documentation systems and nursing management and documentation systems. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"Who is involved in Piloting?","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What is associated with Clinical Data Warehouse","answer":"ISO TR 22221"},{"question":"What part Consistency","answer":"ACID"},{"question":"What part DICOM Network Protocol","answer":"Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine"},{"question":"Who is Physical Integration?","answer":"Physical integration is guaranteed if there exist physical communication for any kind of data exchange. In other words, physical integration is a prerequisite for integration application components. Condition of an information system where the physical infrastructure for any kind of data exchange exists."},{"question":"What part Software Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What updates Earliest Project Start Date","answer":"Critical Path Calculation"},{"question":"Who is Archiving of Patient Information?","answer":"Relevant data and documents containing patient information must be created, gathered, presented, and stored such that they are efficiently retrievable during the whole process of patient treatment. The storage of these data and documents is primarily done in patient records. Today, usually a mixture of paper-based and computer-based patient records is used. Certain legal requirements usually must be considered."},{"question":"What is HIS Infrastructure?","answer":"The set of all physical data processing systems in a health care institution is called the infrastructure of its HIS. This infrastructure can be described by the overall number of physical data processing systems, by the average number of physical data processing systems per unit (e.g., two personal computers and one laptop per ward), or per staff member."},{"question":"What part Project Definition","answer":"Project"},{"question":"Who is Middleware?","answer":"Generally the term middleware describes the software components of a computer-based information system that serve for the communication between application components. Software component of a computer-based information system that serves for the communication between application components. One example is a communication server."},{"question":"What p o","answer":"s"},{"question":"Who is Server Cluster?","answer":"Server clusters are coupled servers."},{"question":"What supports Enterprise Function","answer":"Application System"},{"question":"What are Controlled Transcription of Datas?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a change of the storage media (media crack), for example, transcribing data from a computer-based media to paper (or other way round). Manual transcription is time-consuming and may lead to copy-errors. Therefore, manual transcription has to be avoided."},{"question":"Who is Clinical Document Architecture?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"What part Quality Planning","answer":"quality management"},{"question":"What part IT Support","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What part Domain Layer","answer":"Three Layer Graph-Based Metamodel"},{"question":"What uses System Evaluation Method","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What uses Patient","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures"},{"question":"What are User Satisfactions?","answer":"by regular user surveys"},{"question":"Who is Clinical Context Object Workgroup?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What part Decision Making and Patient Information","answer":"Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment"},{"question":"What is associated with future technology","answer":"pacemaker technology"},{"question":"What is Mixed Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforehand and refined while analyzing the text."},{"question":"What are Cost Accountings?","answer":"For controlling purposes, it is necessary to keep track of services, their costs, and who has received them. Cost accounting usually investigates which costs incur (cost-type accounting), where costs incur (cost center accounting), and for what activities or services costs incur (cost unit accounting). According to the accounting purpose, the time period to be observed and the scope of the costs to be accounted have to be defined. The results of cost accounting , that is, KPIs , serve as input for controlling"},{"question":"What supports Execution of Radiological Procedures","answer":"Picture Archiving and Communication System"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Interim Report?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Name and Address of Sponsor","answer":"Project Order"},{"question":"What uses Diagnostic Standard","answer":"Quality Management"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Closure","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What uses principle of IT governance","answer":"IT Governance Function"},{"question":"What part Incident Taking","answer":"First-Level Support"},{"question":"What is associated with Model","answer":"Health Information System"},{"question":"Who is Web Server?","answer":"Web site management"},{"question":"Who is Business Strategy?","answer":"Defines the hospital\u2019s long-term strategic goals"},{"question":"Who is Medical Device?","answer":"Is a technical or mechanical device used for diagnosis and treatment"},{"question":"What part Preparation of Training Course","answer":"Preparation of System Introduction"},{"question":"What is responsible for Maintenance Window Execution","answer":"Maintenance Window Coordinator"},{"question":"What is HIS?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What part Review of Project Results","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"Who is responsible for BPMN?","answer":"BPMI"},{"question":"What is IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Completion of Project Documentation?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for strategic information management?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What are Mail Servers?","answer":"The Mail Server provides e-mail services."},{"question":"What is Balance of Documentation Quality and Documentation Efforts?","answer":"Thus, information management carefully has to balance the amount of documentation that is really needed for the various purposes, and the effort that health care professionals have to invest."},{"question":"What part Business Process Model","answer":"Business Reference Model"},{"question":"What is Organizational System?","answer":"A non-computer-based application Component."},{"question":"What part Information Management","answer":"Hospital Administration"},{"question":"What is associated with Quality of Computer-Based Application Components and Their Integration","answer":"Computer-Based Application Component"},{"question":"Who is Metamodel?","answer":"A metamodel is a modeling framework, which consists of modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), i.e. the modeling language, the representation of the concepts (how the concepts are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules (e.g., the modeling steps), i.e. the guideline for applying the language. Language for constructing models of a certain class. A metamodel is the modeling framework which consists of the modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), the representation of the concepts (how the objects are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules. An example of a metamodel for health information systems is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"What uses Software Product","answer":"Installation"},{"question":"What part quality management","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What part Artificial System","answer":"Socio-Technical System"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Procurement Release?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"Who is Information System?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of an institution that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. An information system can be divided into sub-information systems."},{"question":"What are Queue Managers?","answer":"Queue managers support the sending of messages from the sender to the receiver and the distribution of a single message to numerous receivers (multicasting)."},{"question":"What is associated with Case","answer":"Patient"},{"question":"What is associated with Milestone","answer":"Work Package"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Budget Administration?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What uses Cost Item","answer":"Cost Management"},{"question":"What is associated with IT Initiative","answer":"Project Component"},{"question":"What supports Execution of Clinical Trials","answer":"Data Warehouse System"},{"question":"What is associated with Quality of Processes","answer":"Quality of Structures"},{"question":"Who is Time-Motion Analysis?","answer":"The time-motion analysis is based on trained observers that measure the duration of observed events (e.g., tasks) while using a predefined list of event categories"},{"question":"What is Controlled Redundancy of Data?","answer":"Systematic management of redundantly stored data within health information systems. Usually, redundant data storage should be avoided. However, there are situations in which redundant data storage is unavoidable or even desirable. In particular, it must be clear which application component is master application component for a given entity type."},{"question":"Who is Controlled Redundancy of Data?","answer":"Systematic management of redundantly stored data within health information systems. Usually, redundant data storage should be avoided. However, there are situations in which redundant data storage is unavoidable or even desirable. In particular, it must be clear which application component is master application component for a given entity type."},{"question":"Who is Federated Database System?","answer":"A federated database system is an integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems which are part of respective application components. Integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems. The point of integration is to logically bring the database schemata of the component database systems to a single database schema, the federated database schema, in order to attain data integration even when there are redundant data in distributed health information systems."},{"question":"Who is OAIS3?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"What part HIS Component","answer":"Hospital Information System"},{"question":"What is based on target system","answer":"target architecture"},{"question":"What part Project Status","answer":"Interim Report Summary"},{"question":"What is associated with Chief Executive Officer","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is Suitability for Learning?","answer":"Is the user supported to learn and use the user interface?"},{"question":"What part Time to Run","answer":"Detailed Planning"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²-S Service Class?","answer":"If we want to express that some services are of similar type, we can summarize them in a service class."},{"question":"Who is Health Care Professional?","answer":"Is one who treats, according to his or her specialization (e.g., nephrology or pediatrics), patients with certain diagnoses. Examples are physicians and nurses. Staff member directly contributing to patient care, such as a physician or nurse."},{"question":"What are Atomicitys?","answer":"Atomicity guarantees that either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are."},{"question":"What are Business Processs?","answer":"Sequence of enterprise (sub-)functions together with the conditions under which they are invoked, in order to achieve an enterprise goal. While enterprise functions concentrate on the \u201cwhat,\u201d business processes focus on the \u201chow\u201d of activities."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Trouble Shooting?","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"Who is responsible for User Support Concept?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What are IHE Patient Demographics Querys?","answer":"Demographics Query (PDQ) Integration Profile is to implement a central patient information server that is queried by other application components and retrieves the patient \u2019s demographic and visit information. The query can be based on the partial or complete patient name, a patient ID, date of birth, age range, or bed ID."},{"question":"What are DBn Styles?","answer":"Several application components store data about certain entity types persistently and contain their own databases"},{"question":"What updates Preliminary Outline of a Study","answer":"Study Exploration"},{"question":"What part Tactical HIS Directing","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What are ISO/OSI Reference Models?","answer":"This reference model provides a framework for describing communication between computers at seven levels. Standards for the respective communication protocols such as TCP/IP are available for each level"},{"question":"Who is involved in Commissioning?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What key Data Object Proposal Component","answer":"Scope Agreement"},{"question":"What is Quality of Tactical Information Management?","answer":"quality of tactical information management (e.g., percentage of successfully completed IT projects)"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-S Service Class?","answer":"If we want to express that some services are of similar type, we can summarize them in a service class."},{"question":"What is based on Prototype","answer":"Software Product"},{"question":"What updates Application System","answer":"Second-Level Support"},{"question":"Who is responsible for ITIL Version 2?","answer":"Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency"},{"question":"What is based on EDIFACT","answer":"EN12538"},{"question":"What uses innovation","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What is Efficiency of Information Logistics?","answer":"provide the right information at the right time at the right place to the right people in the right form"},{"question":"What are CSFs?","answer":"Tan\u2019s critical success factor (CSF) approach is a topdown approach that first identifies factors critical to the hospital\u2019s success or failure."},{"question":"What is responsible for Interim Report","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is Information Management in Hospitals?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"Who is Clinical Pathway?","answer":"Is an evidence-based approach that describes which activities have to be performed for a specific group of patients when and by whom"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Plan Approval?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses Oral Presentation","answer":"Commissioning"},{"question":"Who is Mail Server?","answer":"The Mail Server provides e-mail services."},{"question":"What part Accepting a Project Order","answer":"Placing a Project Order"},{"question":"What are Controlled Redundancy of Datas?","answer":"Systematic management of redundantly stored data within health information systems. Usually, redundant data storage should be avoided. However, there are situations in which redundant data storage is unavoidable or even desirable. In particular, it must be clear which application component is master application component for a given entity type."},{"question":"What are Double Examinations?","answer":"To examine the same aspect twice. Often needed when a patient is transferred from one department to another while there is no data integration so that the new department cannot see and use the results from former examinations. [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What key Data Object Build Component","answer":"Build Key Data Object"},{"question":"Who is responsible for ITIL Version 3?","answer":"Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency"},{"question":"What is associated with SOA","answer":"3LGM²-S"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-S Providing Interfaces?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"What approves Final Report","answer":"Client"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Approval?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses Project Execution Module","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What conceptual Service Blueprint Service Portfolio Component","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Team Management?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What updates Organizational Unit","answer":"Roll-Out"},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Physical Tool Layer?","answer":"The physical tool layer is a set of physical data processing systems."},{"question":"What part 1 - Initial","answer":"Capability Maturity Model Integration"},{"question":"What is responsible for Availability of Application Components","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What uses Hospital Goal","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part System Analysis","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What part Tender Type","answer":"Tender Arrangement"},{"question":"What communicates with Computerized Physician Order Entry System","answer":"PACS"},{"question":"What uses project waitlist","answer":"Project Priorisation"},{"question":"Who is Best-of-Breed-Architecture?","answer":"An (AC n , V n ) architecture where the different application components are based on software from different vendors is commonly denoted as \u201cbest-of-breed,\u201d pointing to the fact that the hospital combines the \u201cbest\u201d software products from different vendors."},{"question":"What are Notifications?","answer":"Is the obligation hospitals have to inform the local health authority if a notifiable infection or disease such as HIV, hepatitis, or anthrax occurred"},{"question":"What supports Patient Discharge and Transfer to Other Institutions","answer":"Operation Management System"},{"question":"What part Change Management","answer":"Service Transition"},{"question":"What is responsible for Trouble Shooting","answer":"Service Desk Staff"},{"question":"Who is Operational HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring deals with caring for the verification of the proper working and effectiveness of components of the hospital information system"},{"question":"What part Work Package Time Estimation","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What are 2-tier Architectures?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"Who is Certifiability of Software?","answer":"Is the software product certified? For example, the PACS software is certified according to the national law for medical devices."},{"question":"Who is Information Management Cost?","answer":"Costs for information management comprise, e.g., overall costs, costs in relation to number of users or number of workstations."},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Documentation","answer":"Documentation Manager"},{"question":"What are EDIFACTs?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"What uses HIS Certificate","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What uses SOX","answer":"apply Sarbanes-Oxley Act"},{"question":"What approves Maintenance Contract","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What part Work Organization and Time Management","answer":"Human Resource Management"},{"question":"What is Maintainability of Software?","answer":"How much effort does it take to modify an application component? For example, an upgrade of the RIS software can be done quickly and without endangering overall application component\u2019s stability."},{"question":"What is Information System?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of an institution that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. An information system can be divided into sub-information systems."},{"question":"What is associated with Project Planning","answer":"Project Planning Phase"},{"question":"What are ORMs?","answer":"ORM stands for a general order message (e.g., ordering a radiological examination)."},{"question":"What part Patient Administration","answer":"Hospital Administration"},{"question":"What uses Completeness","answer":"Verification (System Analysis)"},{"question":"What updates Project Review Report","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What are Communication Standards?","answer":"Describes how messages of a certain data format are communicated when an event occurs. Within health information systems, well-known examples are HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"What are Quality of HIS Architectures?","answer":"HIS architecture should ensure that the different computer-based and non-computer-based information processing tools can be smoothly and efficiently integrated, in order to provide a maximum quality of information processing."},{"question":"What part Management of Medical Devices","answer":"Supply and Disposal Management"},{"question":"What entity Relationship Conceptual Service","answer":"Service Architecture"},{"question":"What uses Vital Sign","answer":"Monitoring of Vital Signs"},{"question":"What is responsible for Visitor and Information Service","answer":"Information Desk"},{"question":"What are Effectiveness Studys?","answer":"Quantitative  analysis  of  the  effects  of  an  information  system component"},{"question":"What part Directive for HIS Construction","answer":"Strategic Information Management Plan"},{"question":"What is associated with Benefit","answer":"thrift"},{"question":"What are VPNs?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"Who is Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and Transport?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"What uses Certification","answer":"quality assurance"},{"question":"What updates Project Team","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Marketing","answer":"Stakeholder"},{"question":"What uses Random Sampling","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What uses Suitability Criterion","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What updates risk","answer":"Risk Analysis"},{"question":"What are Management of Information Systemss?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"Who is Reliability of Data?","answer":"Data are reliable when they are verifiable. For example, there is no element of uncertainty with regard to the clinical findings because they are signed by a responsible doctor."},{"question":"What updates Bed","answer":"Administrative Admission"},{"question":"What is Self-Descriptiveness?","answer":"Is each step of the user interface understandable for the user by providing direct feedback or explanation?"},{"question":"What is Client-Server Architecture?","answer":"Architectural style at the physical tool layer, comprising various servers and clients, interconnected by a network. The server offers services that can be accessed by the workstations as clients."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Execution of a Stakeholder Analysis?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is associated with COBIT Processes for IT Governance","answer":"COBIT"},{"question":"What part Strategic Alignment","answer":"Long-Term HIS Planning"},{"question":"What approves Purchase Contract","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What key Data Object Requirement Component","answer":"Requirement"},{"question":"What is associated with Quality of HIS Architecture","answer":"HIS Architecture"},{"question":"What uses Workflow Management","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"What is Strategic HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring as part of strategic information management means continuously auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals."},{"question":"What part Sample","answer":"Order"},{"question":"What part Data Transmission Link","answer":"Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What is Strategic Alignment?","answer":"Strategic alignment describes the process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. The process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. Important task of strategic information management."},{"question":"What are Quality of Datas?","answer":"Integrity, reliability, completeness, accuracy, relevancy, standardization, authenticity, availability, confidentiality, and security of data."},{"question":"What updates Change Request List","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What is Information Management in Hospitals?","answer":"Information management in hospitals is the management of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What are Qualitative Observations?","answer":"This  comprises  open,  less-standardized,  nonquantitative  observations  of  processes  or events. In contrary to quantitative observations, the aim is not to count and measure, but to get insight into a situation."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Domain Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM², the domain layer describes what kinds of activities in a health care institution are enabled by its information system and what kind of data should be stored and processed, independent of its implementation. Consequently, the domain layer describes enterprise functions and entity types."},{"question":"What are Data Metamodels?","answer":"data metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HISdata metamodels, which are used for building models of the structure of data processed and stored inside a HIS"},{"question":"What part Project Execution Module","answer":"Project"},{"question":"What is Quality of HIS Structures?","answer":"Availability of technical or human resources needed for information processing. It comprises quality of data, quality of computer-based application components, quality of physical data processing systems, and quality of HIS architectures."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Manager Assignment?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What is Usability Study?","answer":"Assessment of the user friendliness of an IT component with special  \u2022 focus on the interaction between an IT component and its users"},{"question":"What is Architectural Style?","answer":"Combines architectures of information systems that are equivalent with regard to certain characteristics. On the logical tool layer, these characteristics comprise number of databases (DB 1 versus DB n ), number of application components (AC 1 versus AC n ), number of software products and vendors (V 1 versus V n ), and communication patterns (star versus spaghetti architecture and CP 1 versus CP n , respectively). On the physical tool layer, we can, for example, distinguish the mainframe architecture (1-tier architecture or T 1 ) and the client-server architectural style (2-tier architecture or T 2 , 3-tier architecture or T 3 )."},{"question":"What is Cost\u2013Benefit Analysis?","answer":"An economic analysis that converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs and compares them. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs."},{"question":"What is Patient Data Management System?","answer":"The patient data management system (PDMS) is specialized to automatically monitor, store, and clearly present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data in intensive care units.It also supports scoring (e.g., TISS,  SAPS  ) and may offer features for decision support and various statistical analyses. Application component in intensive care units to automatically monitor, store, and present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data. In this area, the requirements for the permanent availability of the application components and their data is of highest importance to guarantee patient's safety."},{"question":"What are Patient Identification Numbers?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"Who is associated with Human Resource?","answer":"Hospital Staff"},{"question":"What part Project Planning Document","answer":"Project Document"},{"question":"What is associated with SAPS","answer":"Patient Data Management System"},{"question":"What are Hospital Administrations?","answer":"Hospital administration supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Hospital function that supports the organization of patient care and guarantees the financial survival and the economic success of the hospital. Subfunctions are patient administration, archiving of patient information, quality management, cost and financial accounting, controlling, facility management, and information management."},{"question":"What part Report and Publication of Study","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"What part Project Module","answer":"Reference Model for Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"Who is SWOT Analysis?","answer":"Quantitative  and/or  qualitative  analysis  of  the  most  significant strengths (positive features), weaknesses (negative features), opportunities (potential strengths), and threats (potential weaknesses) that characterize an information system. component."},{"question":"Who approves Functional Specification Document?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part System Introduction","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What part Placing a Project Order","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Planning","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part General Practice","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What is Electronic Patient Record?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"What is Tactical HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring means continually checking whether the initiated projects are running as planned and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring results infl uence project planning, as a project\u2019s plan may be updated or changed according to the results of the project\u2019s monitoring in a given situation"},{"question":"What is associated with IT Investment Planning","answer":"Portfolio Management"},{"question":"Who is involved in IT General Ledger Account Planning?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What part Monitoring","answer":"Management"},{"question":"What are Physician Order Entry Systems?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What uses Strategic Information Management Goal","answer":"Systematic Information Processing"},{"question":"Who is Deductive Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforhand."},{"question":"What updates Strategic HIS Monitoring Result","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Lonterm ITInvestment","answer":"Enterprise Architecture Component"},{"question":"What uses Risk Plan","answer":"Project Plan Approval"},{"question":"What are Medical and Nursing Knowledges?","answer":"Is stored in the doctors\u2019 and nurses\u2019 heads as well as in available media"},{"question":"What uses Clinical Pathway","answer":"Medical and Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"What part usufructuary right","answer":"copyright"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Escalation?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What uses IT Initiative","answer":"Project Component"},{"question":"Who is Object Class?","answer":"Objects being similar with respect to their attribute categories are summarized as object classes"},{"question":"What updates project waitlist","answer":"Change Request Decision"},{"question":"What is associated with Work Package","answer":"Buffer Time"},{"question":"What is Integrity of Data?","answer":"Comprises the mere correctness (e.g., correct diagnosis ), object identity (e.g., correct identification of every patient by a unique patient identification number), referential integrity (e.g., each clinical report can uniquely be linked to a patient ), and consistency of redundant data (e.g., the name of a patient is not spelled differently in different databases)."},{"question":"What uses Drug","answer":"Material and Medication Management"},{"question":"What part Systems Review","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part Traffic Light Model","answer":"Work Package Status Report"},{"question":"Who is Virtualization?","answer":"We speak of virtualization when, either, one or more physical data processing systems simulate one physical data processing system (cluster), or one physical data processing simulates one or more physical data processing systems (virtual machine)."},{"question":"What part T3 Database Server","answer":"T3"},{"question":"What are Cost Units?","answer":"Is information about a person or an institution responsible for bearing the costs or a part of the costs for the services to be provided"},{"question":"What is associated with Object Class","answer":"3LGM² Entity Type"},{"question":"Who is Study Exploration?","answer":"can be characterized by the following questions: \u2022 Who wants the information from the evaluation study? (Identify the major sponsors for the evaluation.) \u2022 What is the strategic objective of the study? \u2022 What is the intended audience? \u2022 What is the organizational and political context for the evaluation studies to take place? \u2022 What are the major stakeholder groups that should be involved in the preparation of the study? \u2022 What is the available budget ? \u2022 Is there sufficient political acceptance in the institution to go on?"},{"question":"What is associated with position","answer":"role"},{"question":"What part Database System","answer":"Federated Database System"},{"question":"What uses Admission Diagnosis","answer":"Medical Admission"},{"question":"What are CFOs?","answer":"Responsible for financial planning and record keeping of an enterprise."},{"question":"What increases technological trajectory","answer":"innovation ability"},{"question":"What are Bed Occupations?","answer":"The hospital management must always have an overview of the recent bed occupation, i.e., about the patients\u2019 staying at the hospital. This is, for example, important for the clerks at the information desk, who must be able to inform relatives and visitors correctly, and also for some general hospital management statistics (e.g. number of provided beds and beds actually used). [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What part Administration and Allocation of Patient Records","answer":"Archiving of Patient Information"},{"question":"What are MPIs?","answer":"Application component providing a correct patient identification number even in transinstitutional information systems with several patient administration systems. Manually or semiautomatically found relationships of patient identification numbers from different institutions are saved in one network MPI and are made available to all member institutions."},{"question":"What supports Review Of ITPolicies","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"Who is First Study Design?","answer":"The First Study Design Phase has the purpose of sketching the foundation for study. The following activities have to be done:    establish the evaluation team;   \u2022   formulate in detail the study questions you want to answer and the evaluation criteria  \u2022 you want to access;   identify  any  constraints  the  study  may  have  (e.g.,   budget ,  location,  time,  political  \u2022 aspects);   select the (quantitative or qualitative) methods you want to apply to answer your study  \u2022 questions;\n  describe the organizational context and technical setting your study will take place in;   \u2022\n  outline the time plan for the evaluation study and inform the involved user groups;   \u2022\n  pay attention to any legal or ethical aspects that may occur;   \u2022\n  decide on a strategy for reporting the evaluation results.     \u2022"},{"question":"What part Project Initiation Phase","answer":"Project"},{"question":"Who is POE?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What approves Authorization Concept","answer":"Data Protection Officer"},{"question":"What are Object Classs?","answer":"Objects being similar with respect to their attribute categories are summarized as object classes"},{"question":"What uses Interface Development","answer":"Technical Preparation"},{"question":"What is based on Information Management Concept","answer":"Information Infrastructure"},{"question":"Who approves Change Request?","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What is Mail Server?","answer":"The Mail Server provides e-mail services."},{"question":"What are Sustainabilitys?","answer":"How sustainable is the overall software product? For example, a R IS software is still built on the programming language that is not further supported and developed."},{"question":"What part Medical Anamnesis","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part strategic IT directing","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What is ISO 9001?","answer":"ISO 9001 is a Quality Management Standard."},{"question":"What part Project Background and Goal","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What uses Information Engineering","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Information System Improvement","answer":"IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What updates Win-Win Situation","answer":"Project Team Leading"},{"question":"Who is Strategic Alignment?","answer":"Strategic alignment describes the process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. The process that balances and coordinates the hospital goals and the information management strategies to get the best result for the hospital. Important task of strategic information management."},{"question":"What uses Business Strategy","answer":"Strategic Information Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Functional Perspective","answer":"Business Process Model"},{"question":"What are Strategic HIS Monitorings?","answer":"Monitoring as part of strategic information management means continuously auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals."},{"question":"What is responsible for Organizational Development","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What uses Study Result","answer":"Report and Publication of Study"},{"question":"What uses Information Management Cost","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"Who is Tactical HIS Monitoring?","answer":"Monitoring means continually checking whether the initiated projects are running as planned and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring results infl uence project planning, as a project\u2019s plan may be updated or changed according to the results of the project\u2019s monitoring in a given situation"},{"question":"What are LISs?","answer":"Application component supporting the management of analysis in a laboratory: the receipt of the order and the sample , the distribution of the sample and the order to the different analysis tools, the collection of the results, the validation of results, the communication of the findings back to the ordering department, as well as general quality management procedures."},{"question":"What uses Medical Anamnesis","answer":"Decision Making and Patient Information"},{"question":"What are Cases?","answer":"Mostly comprises a patient \u2019s stay in a hospital from patient admission to patient discharge or several ambulatory treatments related to one disease; information about a case includes the case identification number (CIN)"},{"question":"What policy To Conceptual Service Conceptual Service","answer":"Policy"},{"question":"What increases HIS Quality","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Operational Information Management?","answer":"Lower Management"},{"question":"What are Authenticity of Datas?","answer":"Describes that data have an established authorship. For example, the authorship of a discharge report is clear and indisputable."},{"question":"What part Recommendation","answer":"Interim Report Summary"},{"question":"What is ISO 25000?","answer":"provides six quality characteristics for software"},{"question":"Who is Conformity with User Expectations?","answer":"Is the user interface consistent and adapted to the characteristics of the user (e.g., his knowledge, skills, and expectations)?"},{"question":"Who approves Roll Out?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Project Scope","answer":"Goal Definition"},{"question":"What supports Creation Of ITPolicies","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What is responsible for UML","answer":"OMG"},{"question":"What updates Kick-Off-Meeting","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What uses Organization","answer":"Monitoring of Standardization and Certification Organizations"},{"question":"Who approves Project Order?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What supports Nursing Care Planning","answer":"Nursing Management and Documentation System"},{"question":"What are First-Level Supports?","answer":"User support unit serving as first contact for all user groups with any kinds of information processing problems. It may consist, for example, of a central 24-h-hotline (service desk) that is responsible for the management of user accounts and first troubleshooting, or of decentralized information processing staff. When the first-level support cannot solve the problems, it hands them over to the second-level support."},{"question":"What are Documentations?","answer":"If an entity type E is updated by an enterprise function and this entity type\u2019s data are stored in an application component, we call this combination the \u2018 documentation of entity type E\u2019. Recording of data. Is not considered as enterprise function but takes place every time an enterprise function is executed, new information is generated, and respective data are stored."},{"question":"What updates Risk Plan","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What is Nursing Procedure?","answer":"Is a procedure carried out by a nurse, e.g., taking blood, taking the temperature"},{"question":"What updates Resource","answer":"Resource Planning"},{"question":"What are Availability of Application Componentss?","answer":"Is the application component made available at all places where it is needed? This means: Is access integration guaranteed (see Sect. 6.5.3.3 )? For example, is the RIS available in all treatment rooms of the outpatient unit?"},{"question":"What updates System Selection Result","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What uses Time Measurement","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Status Report","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What are Middlewares?","answer":"Generally the term middleware describes the software components of a computer-based information system that serve for the communication between application components. Software component of a computer-based information system that serves for the communication between application components. One example is a communication server."},{"question":"Who is involved in System Analysis Planning?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is Transinstitutional Health Information System?","answer":"Information system of a health care network."},{"question":"What are Vn Styles?","answer":"heterogeneous HIS comprise software from several vendors; they are denoted as \u201cV n\"."},{"question":"What are Computer-Supported Information Systems?","answer":"An information system that comprises computer-based information processing and communication tools is called a computer-based information system."},{"question":"Who is Fulfillment of Strategic Hospital Goal?","answer":"For the hospital as an enterprise, the hospital information system should typically contribute to high quality patient care, efficient usage of resources, and fulfillment of legal requirements as general goals of all hospitals."},{"question":"Who is Key Performance Indicator?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"What uses Objective of Analysis","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Uses?","answer":"The computer-based application component connected with a function over the class \"use\" is immediately used for supporting the activities regarding an enterprise function"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Management","answer":"Project Organization"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Goal of the Institution","answer":"Management"},{"question":"What uses Material","answer":"Material and Medication Management"},{"question":"What updates Resource Plan","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"Who is involved in Maintenance Contract Creation?","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What part Study Timing","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What are Controlling Reports?","answer":"Summarizes monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) and compares them to the expected future state"},{"question":"Who is EPR, Provider-Centric Electronic Patient Record, Elektronische Patientenakte, EPA?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"What is associated with project waitlist","answer":"Projects List"},{"question":"Who is Organizational Unit?","answer":"Part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities (e.g., the radiology department). Organizational units perform enterprise functions."},{"question":"Who role component Domain Expert?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"Who is Department of Information management?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What updates Information Infrastructure","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What key Data Object Enterprise Architecture Component","answer":"Service Architecture"},{"question":"What is responsible for Analysis Report Creation","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"Who is Cardiovascular Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What supports Functional Integration","answer":"RFC"},{"question":"What updates Acceptance Protocol","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What updates Verification Protocol","answer":"Execution of Verification Meeting"},{"question":"Who is involved in CAB execution?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What are Nursing Admissions?","answer":"Nursing admission typically comprises the introduction of the patient to the ward and nursing history and is done by the responsible nurse. For the nursing history there may be computer-based or department-specific, (semi-)standardized data entry forms available. These may contain information about the current diagnoses and therapy, orientation, mobility etc. The information should be available during the whole stay."},{"question":"Who is ERP System?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"Who is Sample?","answer":"Is a specimen taken from a patient , e.g., a blood sample or a urine sample"},{"question":"What is involved in Execution of Project Review","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What uses Project Outline Proposal","answer":"Placing a Project Order"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Strategic Information Management Planning"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Requirements","answer":"Requirement Component"},{"question":"What are Data Transmission Connections?","answer":"Connection of physical data processing systems, e.g., by communication network or courier service. Uses transmitting media such as signal-based media (cable) or nonsignal-based media (e.g., paper)."},{"question":"What part Decision Making Planning and Organization of Patient Treatment","answer":"Patient Care Function"},{"question":"What are Clinical Information Systems?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"What are Chief Executive Officers?","answer":"Responsible for setting and carrying out the strategic plans and policies of an enterprise."},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Application Components?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components. If the rules are implemented as executable software, the application component is called computer-based application component. Otherwise it is called non-computer-based."},{"question":"What are classs?","answer":"def"},{"question":"Who is ACID?","answer":"Transaction management guarantees 'C'onsistency of data by 'A'tomicity, 'I'solation and 'D'urability of any transaction (ACID conditions)."},{"question":"What increases Qualification","answer":"Training"},{"question":"What increases qualification","answer":"Training"},{"question":"What are Remote Function Calls?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Management?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What is responsible for Work Package","answer":"Work Package Manager"},{"question":"What is Monitoring?","answer":"Assessing the development and operation of a hospital information system with respect to the planned objectives. Monitoring in strategic information management means continually auditing HIS quality as defined by means of its strategic information management plan\u2019s directives and goals. Monitoring in tactical information management means continually checking whether initiated projects are running as planned, and whether they will produce the expected results. Monitoring in operational information management means verifying the proper working and effectiveness of all components of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Organizational Units?","answer":"An organizational unit is a part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities."},{"question":"What is associated with Cloud Computing","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"What is Entity Type?","answer":"Is a representation of an object class and of the data describing the objects of this class, if these data are stored or could/should be stored in the information system."},{"question":"Who is Spaghetti Style?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What supports Appointment Scheduling","answer":"Computerized Physician Order Entry System"},{"question":"What part Governmental Authority","answer":"Health Care Network"},{"question":"What is associated with project organization","answer":"project manager"},{"question":"Who is involved in Information Acquisition?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What are 2-Phase-Commit-Protocols?","answer":"The \u201c2-phase commit protocol\u201d was developed for transaction management in DB n architectures. In the initial phase, this protocol checks if the transaction can be carried out by all affected database systems. Only if the changes are possible everywhere, they are actually carried out in a second phase in all database systems."},{"question":"What is associated with Potential for Innovation","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"What updates Facility and Area","answer":"Facility Management"},{"question":"What is associated with Information Processing","answer":"Hospital Information System"},{"question":"Who is Computerized Physician Order Entry System?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What uses Hospital Business Plan","answer":"Strategic Alignment"},{"question":"What uses Study Design","answer":"Execution of an IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What part Budget Compliance","answer":"Project Progression"},{"question":"What part Strategic HIS Directing","answer":"Strategic Information Management"},{"question":"What is CIO?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What part Activity Modeling Element","answer":"Event-Driven Process Chain"},{"question":"What is Isolation?","answer":"Isolation makes intermediary updates of data inside the transaction invisible"},{"question":"Who is VPN?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"What is Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"In the 3LGM2, the logical tool layer describes the set of application components used in a health care institution to support its enterprise functions. On this layer, application components communicate representations of entity types as messages via comunication links and store them as data."},{"question":"What is Quality of HIS Processes?","answer":"Quality of the information processes that are necessary to meet the user's needs, such as single recording and multiple usability of data, no transcription of data, leanness of information processing tools, efficiency of information logistics, and patient-centred information processing."},{"question":"What is Relevancy?","answer":"Degree to which data are of relevance for a given situation. For example, no irrelevant data such as \u201cnumber of grandchildren\u2019s friends\u201d are stored."},{"question":"What updates Key Performance Indicator","answer":"Administration of Human Resource Master Data"},{"question":"What part Maintenance Cost","answer":"Information Management Operating Cost"},{"question":"What functional Component Functional Component","answer":"Value Stream"},{"question":"What part 3 - Defined","answer":"CMMI for Development"},{"question":"What is Availability of Application Components?","answer":"Is the application component made available at all places where it is needed? This means: Is access integration guaranteed (see Sect. 6.5.3.3 )? For example, is the RIS available in all treatment rooms of the outpatient unit?"},{"question":"Who is Project Planning?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What are Strategic Information Management Plans?","answer":"Is a strategic plan which gives directives for the construction and development of a hospital\u2019s information system. Written document that includes the direction and strategy of information management and the architecture of a health information system. Typically, it describes the hospital\u2019s goals, the information management goals, the current HIS state, the future HIS state, and the steps to transform the current HIS into the planned HIS. Its establishment is an important task of strategic HIS planning. The strategic information management plan should be written by the CIO and approved by the hospital management."},{"question":"What are Patient Historys?","answer":"The patient history contains all clinical data about a patient, including medical and nursing anamnesis, finding discharge summery etc."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM²?","answer":"Metamodel for developing information system models of health information systems. It distinguishes three layers of information systems: domain layer, logical tool layer, and physical tool layer. It aims to support the systematic information management and especially the structural monitoring of information processing in health care institutions. 3LGM²-B consists of concepts describing basic elements of a HIS architecture. 3LGM²-M adds concepts for modeling message-based communication. 3LGM²-S provides additional concepts for modeling service-oriented architectures."},{"question":"Who is Error Tolerance?","answer":"Can the task be completed if obviously wrong input is entered by the user, with either little or no effort to correct it?"},{"question":"Who is UML Class Diagram?","answer":"consist of classes, abstract classes and associations between classes."},{"question":"What updates Information Requirement","answer":"task analysis"},{"question":"What is associated with Message","answer":"3LGM² Message Type"},{"question":"Who is Patient Record?","answer":"A patient record in general is composed of all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution."},{"question":"What updates Physical Data Processing Tool","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What are Quality of Structuress?","answer":"In the context of health care, the concept of quality of structures applies to the human, physical, and financial resources that are needed to provide medical care (e.g., educational level of staff, availability of medical equipment)."},{"question":"Who is Picture Archiving and Communication System?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"What uses Project Organization","answer":"Execution of a Project Organization Form"},{"question":"What is associated with Vn Style","answer":"Best-of-Breed-Architecture"},{"question":"What part Patient History","answer":"Patient Record"},{"question":"What part Project Time Allocation","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What is involved in Information Acquisition (Specification)","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What is Financial Accounting?","answer":"All the hospital\u2019s financial operations have to be systematically recorded to meet legal requirements. Financial accounting comprises, for example, debtor accounting, credit accounting, and asset accounting."},{"question":"What are Stars?","answer":"All physical data processing systems are connected via a two-point connection to a central system which handles data transmission"},{"question":"What is Enterprise Resource Planning System?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"What part Quality Objective","answer":"Quality Policy"},{"question":"What is based on Object Identity","answer":"Referential Integrity"},{"question":"What supports Administration and Allocation of Patient Records","answer":"Robot System"},{"question":"Who is involved in Jour Fixe Execution?","answer":"Contract Management Staff"},{"question":"What is associated with COBIT","answer":"Control Objective"},{"question":"What part Data Model","answer":"Business Reference Model"},{"question":"What part Enterprise Architecture Component","answer":"Strategy To Portfolio"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Location","answer":"3LGM² Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What is Operational Information Management?","answer":"Operational information management , finally, is responsible for operating the components of the information system"},{"question":"What is Second-Level Support?","answer":"Specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of the specific application components. User support unit addressing information processing problems that cannot be solved by first-level support. It may consist, for example, of specially trained informatics staff in the central information management department who are usually responsible for the operation of specific application components. When the second-level support cannot solve the problems, they are handed over to the third-level support."},{"question":"What part Guideline","answer":"Progress Document"},{"question":"Who is Medical and Nursing Knowledge?","answer":"Is stored in the doctors\u2019 and nurses\u2019 heads as well as in available media"},{"question":"What are Pathology Information Systems?","answer":"A Pathology Information System has similar features as a laboratory information system (LIS), e.g., receiving orders , writing reports."},{"question":"What updates User Support Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is Project Execution?","answer":"deals with particular enterprise functions or application components that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually these activities are done in the form of projects. Such tactical information management projects are initiated by strategic information management."},{"question":"What updates Project Steering Committee","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Service Portfolio Component","answer":"Conceptual Service"},{"question":"Who is Delphi Survey?","answer":"Consensus method for the prediction of the future. A panel of experts is  \u2022 surveyed on a given topic in several iterative rounds. The result of each round is presented to each expert in anonymized form; the experts are then invited to modify their judgment in the next round."},{"question":"What is associated with Project Execution","answer":"Project Execution Phase"},{"question":"What part Evaluation of Project Management","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What are Imaging Modalitys?","answer":"Tool that generates images.143"},{"question":"What are Opening a Patient Records?","answer":"Administrative admission triggers the opening of a patient record. The patient record may be electronic or paper-based or a mixture of both. For the filing formats of documents standards have to be established and used."},{"question":"What is responsible for User Training","answer":"Second-Level Support"},{"question":"What is Quality of IT Training?","answer":"quality of IT training (e.g., IT training hours per user)"},{"question":"What part Information Law Infrastructure","answer":"information infrastructure"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Release?","answer":"chief information officer"},{"question":"What is EGA?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"What are Patient Admissions?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"Who is OpenEHR?","answer":"OpenEHR defines onotologies and provides open source software tools for maintaining and managing patient-centric electronic health records. It contains clinical models of content and processes, which are known as archetypes"},{"question":"What is Event Counting Study?","answer":"Event counting comprises observations of clinical situations or processes or analysis of available data (e.g., log fi les), counting the number of events that occur in a given time period."},{"question":"What are Facility and Areas?","answer":"Lists and describes the facilities of the hospital"},{"question":"What is Health Care Network?","answer":"A group of two or more legally separated health care institutions that have temporarily and voluntarily joined together to achieve a common purpose.           The information system of a health care network is called a transinstitutional health information system."},{"question":"What is EPR, Provider-Centric Electronic Patient Record, Elektronische Patientenakte, EPA?","answer":"Electronic health record that only contains patient information that was recorded in one institution, e.g., in a hospital (provider-centric EHR). Here, potentially relevant information on the patient that was recorded in other institutions may not be available."},{"question":"What are Computer-Based Application Components?","answer":"An application component where the controlling rules for data processing are implemented as executable software."},{"question":"What part Study Exploration","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"What is involved in Ticket Evaluation","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What part Study Design","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"Who is Cost Unit?","answer":"Is information about a person or an institution responsible for bearing the costs or a part of the costs for the services to be provided"},{"question":"What is Department of Information management?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What part Venue","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What approves Roll Out","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Evaluation Report","answer":"Result Verification"},{"question":"What updates Food","answer":"Catering"},{"question":"What is associated with Written Survey","answer":"Response Rate"},{"question":"What part Security Management","answer":"strategic information management"},{"question":"What is associated with Bed","answer":"Patient"},{"question":"What uses Bed Occupation","answer":"Human Resource Management"},{"question":"What part Application Architecture","answer":"Enterprise Architecture"},{"question":"What is Hospital Budget?","answer":"Consists of all planned costs and revenues"},{"question":"What is Synchronous Communication?","answer":"Synchronous communication is thereby carried out, meaning that the process in the initiating application component, following the initialization of communication with another application component, is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained. Form of communication in which the process in the application component that initiated communication with another application component is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained."},{"question":"What is Infrastructure of an Information System?","answer":"Types, number, and availability of information processing tools used in a given enterprise."},{"question":"What is CVIS?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What are Storage Area Networks?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What decreases Data Collection Effort","answer":"Data Integration"},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Configuration Management Component","answer":"Actual Service CIs"},{"question":"What updates Strategic Decision","answer":"Strategic HIS Monitoring"},{"question":"What part Project Closure Document","answer":"Project Document"},{"question":"What updates IT Strategy","answer":"IT strategy development"},{"question":"What is Functional Coverage of the Application Component?","answer":"functional coverage of the application components (e.g., level of saturation of the overall HIS architecture, see Sect. 8.2.2 , or percentage of documents primarily created in computer-based form)."},{"question":"What part human-computer information behavior","answer":"information behavior"},{"question":"What is Conformity with User Expectations?","answer":"Is the user interface consistent and adapted to the characteristics of the user (e.g., his knowledge, skills, and expectations)?"},{"question":"What part Situation Analysis","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What part Result Document","answer":"Project Planning Result Document"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Plan Approval","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What is Case?","answer":"Mostly comprises a patient \u2019s stay in a hospital from patient admission to patient discharge or several ambulatory treatments related to one disease; information about a case includes the case identification number (CIN)"},{"question":"What uses Functional Specification Document","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What part Electronic Patient Record","answer":"Patient Record Archive"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-Bs?","answer":"3LGM²-B, which is the basis for 3LGM²-M and 3LGM²-S, consists of concepts describing b asic elements of a HIS architecture."},{"question":"What are Organizational Models?","answer":"Model describing the organization of a unit or area. Concepts typically offered are units or roles that stand in a certain organizational relationship to each other."},{"question":"What uses Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","answer":"Preparation of Results"},{"question":"What are Loosely Coupled Networks?","answer":"Loosely coupled networks show a low degree of centrality and intensity. They are typically regional bordered, homogeneously configured, and are based on social structures."},{"question":"What is associated with Standardization of Interfaces","answer":"Communication Interface"},{"question":"What part Reaction Time","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What are Linears?","answer":"Two physical data processing systems are interconnected in order to form a line. Data are passed from one physical data processing system to the other as long as they reach their destination"},{"question":"What are Software Products?","answer":"An acquired or self-developed piece of software that is complete in itself and that can be installed on a computer system. Controls computer-based application components."},{"question":"Who is Feature?","answer":"A functionality offered by a software product which directly contributes to the fulfillment of one or more enterprise functions"},{"question":"What uses CRAMM","answer":"Risk Assessment"},{"question":"What is associated with Portfolio Backlog Item","answer":"Portfolio Demand Component"},{"question":"What part Service Design","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What updates Observational Equivalence","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What are HISs?","answer":"The information processing and information storing subsystem of a health care organization, which may be a single institution, e.g. a hospital, or a group of health care institutions like a health care network. The HIS deals with processing data, information, and knowledge in health care environments. It has a computer-based part and a non-computer-based part. Health information systems can be differentiated into institutional information systems (such as hospital information systems) and transinstitutional health information systems."},{"question":"What is User Satisfaction?","answer":"by regular user surveys"},{"question":"What is responsible for Final Report","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is Archiving?","answer":"Long-time storing (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on legal regulations) of documents and records, especially of patient records, after discharge of a patient."},{"question":"Who is Personal Health Record?","answer":"A patient-owned electronic health record, with the patient perceived as the primary owner of his/her data."},{"question":"What uses HIS Architecture","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"Who is Specialization?","answer":"Specializations describe refinement relationships."},{"question":"What is Virtual Private Network?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"What uses Final Report Presentation","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"What is Bed Occupation?","answer":"The hospital management must always have an overview of the recent bed occupation, i.e., about the patients\u2019 staying at the hospital. This is, for example, important for the clerks at the information desk, who must be able to inform relatives and visitors correctly, and also for some general hospital management statistics (e.g. number of provided beds and beds actually used). [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"What part Project Motivation","answer":"5-Level-Method for Systematic Structural Planning"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Team Coordination?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What are Therapeutic Procedures?","answer":"treatment of physical or mental illness"},{"question":"What part Short-Term HIS Planning","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What supports Creation Of ITInitiatives","answer":"Project Component"},{"question":"What part Eligibility Criterion","answer":"Tender"},{"question":"Who is involved in Maintenance of Application Systems?","answer":"Key User"},{"question":"Who is Electronic Patient Record System?","answer":"Application component supporting a larger number of hospital functions by closely integrating other application components such as a medical documentation system, a nursing management and documentation system, an outpatient management system, and a provider order entry system. Provides harmonized, integrated view on patient data and is thus often also called electronic patient record system."},{"question":"Who is CIO?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"Who is Mainframe Architecture?","answer":"In a mainframe architecture , all computer-based application components are installed on one or multiple mainframe system(s) to which various terminals are attached. The terminals cannot execute applications or store data, that is, they only serve for data input and output. Until the late 1980s mainframe architectures had been predominantly in hospitals. Architectural style at the physical tool layer, consisting of one or multiple (networked) mainframe systems to which various terminals are attached."},{"question":"What part Project Name","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What part Nursing Discharge and Nursing Report Writing","answer":"Patient Discharge and Transfer to Other Institutions"},{"question":"Who is HIS Certification?","answer":"Certification in general means to confirm that an object or organization has certain characteristics. HIS certification in general describes a process where an accredited body confirms that the HIS fulfills certain pre-defined quality characteristics."},{"question":"What part Study Participant","answer":"Study"},{"question":"What are available physical data processing systems?","answer":"For example, computers are available both in the ward office and at the patient\u2019s bedside."},{"question":"What part Integration Platform","answer":"Service-Oriented Architecture"},{"question":"Who is Availability of Application Components?","answer":"Is the application component made available at all places where it is needed? This means: Is access integration guaranteed (see Sect. 6.5.3.3 )? For example, is the RIS available in all treatment rooms of the outpatient unit?"},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-Ss?","answer":"For architectures in which computer-based application components provide s ervices to be used by other computer-based application components (so-called service-oriented architectures), the concepts of 3LGM²-S are useful for modeling."},{"question":"What part Operationalization of Methods and Detailed Study Plan","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"What part Creation of Final Report","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What part Strategic Information Management Planning","answer":"Strategic Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What uses Joint Commission\u2019s Certification Program","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What uses Medical Knowledge","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"What increases Structural Equality","answer":"Target-Performance Comparison"},{"question":"What part HL7 Patient Visit Information","answer":"ADT"},{"question":"Who is Imaging Modality?","answer":"Tool that generates images.143"},{"question":"What uses Description Function of an Architecture","answer":"Security Management"},{"question":"What uses Procurement Directive","answer":"Tendering"},{"question":"What updates Sample","answer":"Preparation of an Order"},{"question":"Who is Utility Analysis?","answer":"An economic analysis that compares costs and consequences of an information system component, taking personal preferences into account by including weighting factors for each criterion."},{"question":"What are HL7 Version 3s?","answer":"Unlike HL7 messages, CDA documents are persistent records of medical information (such as diagnostic reports, discharge summaries , or lab reports), also based on an XML encoding. CDA supports free text as well as fully 26 http://www.unece.org/trade/untdid/welcome.htm 6.5 Logical Tool Layer: Integration of Application Components 155 structured, machine-processable information. Document templates (so-called implementation guidelines) define CDA-based document structures for specific use cases such as a discharge summary or a radiology report"},{"question":"What is associated with Computer-Supported Information System","answer":"Computing Center"},{"question":"What is responsible for Approval to Strategic Information Management Plan","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"Who is Server?","answer":"are used to provide sophisticated features to clients"},{"question":"What part Vital Sign","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What updates Project Team Meeting","answer":"Project Review"},{"question":"What part UML Abstract Class","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-S Service?","answer":"A service is a feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components."},{"question":"What part Pure Project Organization","answer":"Hybrid Project Organization"},{"question":"What is Asynchronous Communication?","answer":"Form of communication where the application component sending a message will continue its tasks without interruption even when awaiting a response message from the communication partner."},{"question":"What are Orders?","answer":"Is a request for a diagnostic, therapeutic, or drug service, e.g., a laboratory order or a radiological order."},{"question":"What updates System Support Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is AC1 Style?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"What key Data Object Build Package Component","answer":"Build Package"},{"question":"What approves Information Acquisition Method","answer":"Staff Council"},{"question":"What is Performance of the Application Component?","answer":"The performance of an application component can be described by its response time."},{"question":"What updates Project Schedule","answer":"Scheduling"},{"question":"What part 2 - Managed","answer":"CMMI for Development"},{"question":"What is associated with Key Performance Indicator","answer":"COBIT"},{"question":"What is Information Management Board?","answer":"Such a board can often be found in larger hospitals (Fig. 9.7 ). Members should include one representative from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department (see Sect. 9.3.2 ) if this director is not the CIO simultaneously. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital.  Responsible for strategic information management in a hospital. Members should include representatives from the hospital\u2019s board of directors, representatives from the main departments and user groups, and the director of the information management department. If no dedicated CIO position exists, the president of this board can be regarded as the CIO of the hospital."},{"question":"What updates Project Status Report","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Review","answer":"CEO"},{"question":"What uses Architecture","answer":"QM"},{"question":"What part Project Progression","answer":"Final Report"},{"question":"What is Homogeneous Architecture?","answer":"comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor"},{"question":"What updates Questionnaire","answer":"Preparation of Written Survey"},{"question":"What are Clients?","answer":"Clients are all data processing tools that are immediately available to the various user groups within a hospital"},{"question":"What are CCHITs?","answer":"CCHIT is a not-for-profit organization and offers certification for inpatient EHRs, ambulatory EHRs and other application components."},{"question":"Who is EN1613?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What part Decision and Contract Conclusion","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What uses Standard","answer":"HIS Benchmarking"},{"question":"Who is Effectiveness Study?","answer":"Quantitative  analysis  of  the  effects  of  an  information  system component"},{"question":"What is responsible for Certification by EuroRec","answer":"EuroRec"},{"question":"What is Teleradiology System?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists\u2019 remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS"},{"question":"What are Qualitys?","answer":"The ability to meet all the expectations of the purchaser of goods or services, or in other words, as the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements, where \u201crequirements\u201d means need or expectation. Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. We can typically distinguish three major approaches to quality assessment: quality of structures, quality of processes, and quality of outcome."},{"question":"What part Clinical Pathway","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What supports Decision Making and Patient Information","answer":"Operation Management System"},{"question":"What is Means of Transport?","answer":"Comprises information about all means of transport , e.g., stretcher, ambulance, fl ying ambulance"},{"question":"What uses Bid","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What uses Key Performance Indicator","answer":"Execution of an IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What are CDAs?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Physical Tool Layer?","answer":"The physical tool layer is a set of physical data processing systems."},{"question":"Who is Quality of HIS Processes?","answer":"Quality of the information processes that are necessary to meet the user's needs, such as single recording and multiple usability of data, no transcription of data, leanness of information processing tools, efficiency of information logistics, and patient-centred information processing."},{"question":"Who is Blood Bank Management System?","answer":"Supports blood donor services, blood analyses, administration of blood bottles"},{"question":"What is associated with Information System Effectiveness","answer":"IT Evaluation Study"},{"question":"What is available physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, computers are available both in the ward office and at the patient\u2019s bedside."},{"question":"What part Hospital Strategy","answer":"Hospital Business Plan"},{"question":"What part Execution of Clinical Trials and Experiments","answer":"Research and Education"},{"question":"What part Information Processing Model","answer":"Business Reference Model"},{"question":"Who is EGA?","answer":"Collection of health-related data relating to one subject of care, i.e., the patient, that is stored in the computer-supported part of a health information system. Primarily, EHRs are used to provide information about a patient whenever and wherever needed. EHRs can be differentiated into provider-centric EHR (electronic patient records) and patient-centered EHRs that are independent of institutional boundaries."},{"question":"What is associated with Organizational Perspective","answer":"Business Process Model"},{"question":"What part Evaluation Method","answer":"Study"},{"question":"What part Resource Planning Result","answer":"Project Plan"},{"question":"What are POEs?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What is CPn Style?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What are Architecture of an Information Systems?","answer":"Fundamental organization of an information system, represented by its components, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and by the principles guiding its design and evolution. Architectures can be summarized into certain architectural styles."},{"question":"What is associated with Corporate Strategy","answer":"Strategic IT Objective"},{"question":"Who is Media Crack?","answer":"Change of the storage media during the transcription of data."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Third-Level Support?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What are Business Strategys?","answer":"Defines the hospital\u2019s long-term strategic goals"},{"question":"What is associated with software system","answer":"Software Architecture"},{"question":"What is EN12539?","answer":"Standard for request and report messages for diagnostic service departments"},{"question":"What are Client-Server Architectures?","answer":"Architectural style at the physical tool layer, comprising various servers and clients, interconnected by a network. The server offers services that can be accessed by the workstations as clients."},{"question":"What part Configuration Management","answer":"Service Transition"},{"question":"What are DHCP Servers?","answer":"A DHCP Server is responsible for dynamic IP assignment."},{"question":"What updates ticket","answer":"incident taking"},{"question":"Who is Business Process Model?","answer":"Model focusing on the dynamic view of information processing. Concepts typically offered are activities and their chronological and logical order. Often, other concepts can be added, such as the role or organizational unit that performs an activity, or the information processing tools that are used. Because of the number of different perspectives, various business process metamodels exist, such as simple process chains, eventdriven process chains, activity diagrams, and Petri nets."},{"question":"What is involved in System Analysis Planning","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is Human Resource?","answer":"Is a person working in the hospital, i.e., a doctor, nurse, administrative staff member, IT staff member, etc."},{"question":"What is Patient Record Archive?","answer":"The patient record archive describes how and where the electronic or paper-based patient record can be found. The exact location of each record should be known (e.g., in which archive, on which shelf). Robot systems may store and gather paper-based records automatically (see Fig. 6.19 ). Lending and return of records (e.g., for patients coming for multiple visits) have to be organized, while respecting different access rights that depend on the role of the health care professionals in the process of patient care."},{"question":"What are Adaptability of the HISs?","answer":"In general, the hospital information system should be sufficiently flexible to adapt to the changing needs of the hospital. For example, it should be easy to add new computer-based application components to the information system, and application components should be easily replaceable by other (more advanced) application components. A star-based architecture (CP 1 architecture) with a communication server (see Sect. 6.5.1.3 ) supports exchanging or adding of new computer-based application components. Additionally, the available bandwidth of the network infrastructure should be easily extendable to match increasing volume of communication."},{"question":"What updates Quality Characteristic","answer":"QFD"},{"question":"Who is AppropriatePhysicalDataProcessingSystem?","answer":"For example, the bedside computer does not dominate the physician-patient relationship."},{"question":"What is associated with System Evaluation","answer":"System Evaluation Module"},{"question":"What is EN12538?","answer":"Standard for patient transfer and discharge"},{"question":"Who is Document Archiving System?","answer":"Application component that supports long-term archiving of patient-related and other data and documents based on sustainable standardized data formats, documents formats, and interfaces."},{"question":"What part Monitoring the Project Progress","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"What is Computer System?","answer":"A computer-based physical data processing tool, for example, a terminal, server, or personal computer. Computer systems can be physically connected via data wires, leading to physical networks."},{"question":"What are Clinical Pathways?","answer":"Is an evidence-based approach that describes which activities have to be performed for a specific group of patients when and by whom"},{"question":"What are External Findings?","answer":"Is a finding of a previously treating health care provider"},{"question":"What is Nursing Management and Documentation System?","answer":"The nursing management and documentation system offers similar features as the medical documentation system. Application component for nursing documentation, supporting all phases of the nursing process such as nursing patient history, nursing care planning, execution of nursing tasks, and evaluation of results."},{"question":"What part Evaluation of Communication","answer":"Execution of Project Review"},{"question":"What is T3?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"What is Pharmacy Information System?","answer":"Supports the workfl ow in the pharmacy department: receiving drug orders , managing the drug stock, distributing drugs throughout the hospital"},{"question":"What is UML Class?","answer":"Classes contain the attributes and methods of a set of similar entities."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Execution of Product Presentation?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is ISO TR 22221?","answer":"There is an ISO standard (ISO TR 22221) on \u201cGood principles and practices for a clinical data warehouse (CDW)\u201d which provides implementation guidance for data warehouses in a HIS."},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Team Coordination","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses Model","answer":"Verification (System Analysis)"},{"question":"What part Application Component","answer":"Technical Metamodel"},{"question":"What uses Application System","answer":"Roll Out"},{"question":"What is associated with Target State Model","answer":"Simulation"},{"question":"Who role component Project Manager?","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What part action planning","answer":"strategic IT planning"},{"question":"What are Integrated Health Care Delivery Systems?","answer":"One form of a health care network where health care institutions join together to consolidate their roles, resources, and operations in order to deliver a coordinated range of services and to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of patient care."},{"question":"What updates Study Report","answer":"Report and Publication of Study"},{"question":"Who is Converging Technologies?","answer":"Converging Technologies is the interrelationship between medical devices and Health Information Technology."},{"question":"What supports Telemicroscopy","answer":"Transinstitutional Health Information System"},{"question":"What are Transfers?","answer":"Comprises all information about the transfer of a patient , e.g., referring doctor and reasons for referring"},{"question":"Who is Modular Architecture?","answer":"architectures with a multiplicity of application components"},{"question":"What is Ad Hoc Monitoring?","answer":"Ad Hoc Monitoring may be initiated when larger changes of a component are planned, or when sudden larger problems of HIS components have been observed. Ad hoc activities help to analyze a certain situation in detail, in order to better understand reasons and consequences of an observed or expected problem. The execution of those ad hoc activities entails systems evaluation studies which are planned and conducted by tactical information management."},{"question":"What is involved in Final Report Presentation","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What part Execution of Project Review","answer":"Project Closure"},{"question":"What uses Sensitivity Analysis","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What uses Creativity Technique","answer":"Risk Analysis"},{"question":"Who is Data Model?","answer":"Data models describe the data processed and stored in an information system. Model describing the data processed and stored in an information system. Concepts typically offered are entity types and their relationships. A typical metamodel for data modeling is offered by the class diagrams in the Unified Modeling Language (UML)."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Preparation and Modeling?","answer":"Analyst Team"},{"question":"What part Staff Member","answer":"Staff"},{"question":"What uses Target-Performance Comparison","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"What uses Innovation","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What are Projects?","answer":"Is a unique undertaking that is characterized by management by objectives, by restrictions with regard to available time and resources, and by a specific project organization (DIN 69901)"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Work Package?","answer":"Work Package Manager"},{"question":"Who is Informed Consent?","answer":"Is a patient \u2019s consent to the proposed treatment"},{"question":"What updates Risk","answer":"Risk Analysis"},{"question":"Who is Message Type?","answer":"Class of uniform messages, determines which data about which entity types are communicated by a message belonging to this message type. A message type can belong to a communication standard."},{"question":"Who is HIS Benchmarking?","answer":"Comparison of HIS quality with other organizations in order to find best practices. Benchmarking in general describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to a given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria such as costs, quality of structures, quality of processes, or quality of outcome. In strategic hospital management, benchmarking is seen as an important approach to assess a hospital\u2019s performance. Benchmarking is often seen part of a continuous quality improvement process, in which organizations measure and then steadily improve their performance."},{"question":"What uses Data Protection Law","answer":"Definition of Authorization Concept"},{"question":"What is associated with Unified Modeling Language","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"What are Project Plannings?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What supports Scheduling and Resource Allocation","answer":"Patient Administration System"},{"question":"What are Plannings?","answer":"One task of information management is planning the hospital information system and its architecture. Planning in strategic information management comprises strategic alignment, establishing a strategic information management plan, and managing portfolios. Planning in tactical management means planning projects and all resources needed for them. Planning in operational information management means planning organizational structures, procedures, and all resources such as finances, staff, rooms, or buildings that are necessary to ensure the faultless operation of all components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What is associated with 3LGM²","answer":"Transparency"},{"question":"What updates IT Initiative","answer":"Project Component"},{"question":"What is responsible for project waitlist","answer":"Department Manager Project and Process Management"},{"question":"What part Data Backup","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What is T2?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"Who is CPn Style?","answer":"When connecting several application components, this will lead to an increasing number of bidirectional communication interfaces."},{"question":"What is CAM?","answer":"The component alignment model (CAM) of Martin et al. considers seven components \u2013 the external environment, emerging information technologies, organizational infrastructure, mission, ICT infrastructure, business strategy and ICT strategy \u2013 that should be continually assessed with respect to their mutual alignment."},{"question":"What updates Backbone","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What are Pharmacy Information Systems?","answer":"Supports the workfl ow in the pharmacy department: receiving drug orders , managing the drug stock, distributing drugs throughout the hospital"},{"question":"What part 4 - Quantitatively Managed","answer":"Capability Maturity Model Integration"},{"question":"What part Quality of HIS Architecture","answer":"Quality of HIS Structures"},{"question":"What are ERP Systems?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"What are Functional Integrations?","answer":"Functional integration means that features needed in several application components are           implemented only once and can be invoked by other application components."},{"question":"What is Message?","answer":"Set of data that are arranged as a unit in order to be communicated between application components."},{"question":"What is involved in Maintenance Contract Release","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"Who role component Representative of Hospital Department?","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"Who is Order?","answer":"Is a request for a diagnostic, therapeutic, or drug service, e.g., a laboratory order or a radiological order."},{"question":"What is based on Architecture Principle","answer":"Architecture"},{"question":"What approves Project Order","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Payment Terms","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What part Material and Medication Management","answer":"Supply and Disposal Management"},{"question":"What supports Management Of Build Packages","answer":"Build Package Component"},{"question":"What part First Study Design","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"What part Coding of Diagnoses","answer":"Coding of Diagnoses and Procedures"},{"question":"What is involved in IT General Ledger Account Planning","answer":"Department Asisstant"},{"question":"What updates Hospital Information System","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Evaluation Planning","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What is Internal Quality Management?","answer":"Internal Quality Management assures a defined quality of all processes and outcomes of the hospital"},{"question":"What is Quality of HIS Outcome?","answer":"Whether the goals of information management have been reached, or, in a broader sense, to what extent a hospital information system contributed to the goals of the hospital and to the expectations of different stakeholders, and how it fulfils information management laws."},{"question":"Who uses Stakeholder Analysis?","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"Who is Standardization of HIS Architecture?","answer":"percentage of interfaces using standards such as HL7"},{"question":"What updates Modeling Method","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What is CT Scanner?","answer":"Examination of in and out patients in radiological department"},{"question":"What uses Change Request","answer":"Change Management"},{"question":"Who is Asynchronous Communication?","answer":"Form of communication where the application component sending a message will continue its tasks without interruption even when awaiting a response message from the communication partner."},{"question":"What is involved in System Selection","answer":"Legal Expert"},{"question":"What is Information System Metamodel?","answer":"information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution.information system metamodels, which combine different metamodels into an integrated, enterprise-wide view on information processing in an institution."},{"question":"What is responsible for IT strategy development","answer":"CIO"},{"question":"What uses Structural Equality","answer":"System Evaluation"},{"question":"What uses Complaint","answer":"Internal Quality Management"},{"question":"What updates Project Team Member","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"Who is Technical Model?","answer":"Model describing the information processing tools used in an enterprise. Concepts typically offered are physical data processing systems and application components."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Medical Procedure?","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"What part Sponsor Obligation","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What part Top Management","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"Who is NIC?","answer":"NIC=Nursing Interventions Classification"},{"question":"What part Todo List","answer":"Progress Document"},{"question":"What is Result Document?","answer":"Die Ergebnisdokumentation enthält die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Arbeitspakete. Die Art der Dokumente, die hier entstehen, hängt vom Projekt selber ab (z. B. Analyseberichte, Pflichtenhefte, Schulungskonzepte oder Evaluationsberichte)."},{"question":"What updates Operational Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What is Long Term Archiving?","answer":"After the discharge of the patient , patient records must be archived for a long time (e.g., for 10 or 30 years, depending on the legal regulations). The archive must offer enough space to allow the long-term storage of patient records. Their authenticity and correctness can be proven more easily, for example, in case of legal action, when they are archived in accordance with legal regulations."},{"question":"What uses Test Installation","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What part Nutrition","answer":"Computer-Based Nursing Form"},{"question":"What are Application Components?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components."},{"question":"What updates Scope Agreement","answer":"Proposal Component"},{"question":"What is EDIFACT?","answer":"EDIFACT is a message format developed and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (CEFACT) as a standard format for electronic data interchange in electronic commerce (e.g., purchase orders, dispatch/delivery information, and inventory reports)."},{"question":"What is Bundespflegesatzverordnung?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"What is responsible for GSTOOL","answer":"BSI"},{"question":"What is Management Unit?","answer":"As an institution, management comprises all organizational units of an enterprise that make decisions about planning , monitoring , and directing all activities of subordinate units"},{"question":"What is admission?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"What uses Information System Modeling Method","answer":"Enterprise Modelling"},{"question":"What part Information Infrastructure Component Operation","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Taxononmy of Architecture at the Logical Tool Layer?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Functional Specification Document?","answer":"Consultant"},{"question":"What uses Process Reference Model","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"Who is Maturity?","answer":"Is the software product free of errors? For example, a RIS runs after installation immediately and durably without relevant errors."},{"question":"What uses Prioritized Bid List","answer":"Decision and Contract Conclusion"},{"question":"Who is Patient Admission?","answer":"Patient admission (short: admission ) aims at recording and distributing the patient demographics and insurance data as well as medical and nursing data of the patient history.In addition, each patient must be correctly identified, and a unique patient and case identifier must be assigned."},{"question":"What are ISO 9001s?","answer":"ISO 9001 is a Quality Management Standard."},{"question":"What are Operational HIS Monitorings?","answer":"Monitoring deals with caring for the verification of the proper working and effectiveness of components of the hospital information system"},{"question":"What supports Execution of an Operation","answer":"Operation Management System"},{"question":"What updates Project Distinction","answer":"Definition of Project Goals"},{"question":"What part Quality of Computer-Based Application Components and Their Integration","answer":"Quality of HIS Structures"},{"question":"What are Organizational Metamodels?","answer":"organizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HISorganizational metamodels, which are used to create models of the organizational structure of HIS"},{"question":"What is Inductive Approach?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined while reading and analyzing the text."},{"question":"What is involved in Information Acquisition (Evaluation)","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"What is VPN?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"What is Project Planning?","answer":"Planning in tactical information management means planning projects and all the resources needed for them."},{"question":"What are Study Explorations?","answer":"can be characterized by the following questions: \u2022 Who wants the information from the evaluation study? (Identify the major sponsors for the evaluation.) \u2022 What is the strategic objective of the study? \u2022 What is the intended audience? \u2022 What is the organizational and political context for the evaluation studies to take place? \u2022 What are the major stakeholder groups that should be involved in the preparation of the study? \u2022 What is the available budget ? \u2022 Is there sufficient political acceptance in the institution to go on?"},{"question":"What updates Final Report Presentation","answer":"Execution of Final Report Presentation"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-B?","answer":"3LGM²-B, which is the basis for 3LGM²-M and 3LGM²-S, consists of concepts describing b asic elements of a HIS architecture."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Software Product?","answer":"A software product is a set of rules, represented by software being stored at a certain medium but not implemented and actually executable yet."},{"question":"What supports Execution of Clinical Trials and Experiments","answer":"Clinical Data Warehouse"},{"question":"What is Availability of the Application Component?","answer":"down times per year"},{"question":"What are Picture Archiving and Communication Systems?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"What updates Nursing Procedure","answer":"Medical and Nursing Care Planning"},{"question":"What part Project Execution Document","answer":"Project Document"},{"question":"What is involved in Project Approval","answer":"Project Team Member"},{"question":"What updates Server","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What updates Costumization Report","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"What is Portfolio Management?","answer":"An important instrument for information management strategic planning is portfolio management. Originally coming from the field of finance to acquire a well-balanced securities portfolio, today the term portfolio management is used to refer to multiple strategic management problems. Portfolio management concerning information management categorizes certain components of an information system, like application components or physical data processing systems, but also projects, using certain criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Categorizes certain components of an information system, using criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Important instrument for strategic planning of a hospital information system. Comprises, for example, application portfolio management and project portfolio management."},{"question":"What is associated with Role","answer":"Responsible Accountable Consulted and Informed"},{"question":"What part Administration of Human Resource Master Data","answer":"Human Resource Management"},{"question":"What is Nursing Anamnesis?","answer":"Comprises all information needed as a basis for nursing care planning"},{"question":"What is COBIT?","answer":"COBIT is developed by the IT Governance Institute. It provides a common language for executives to communicate goals, objectives and expected results of IT systems and IT projects. COBIT is built on a process model that defines 34 IT-related processes within four domains: plan and organize; acquire and implement; deliver and support; monitor and evaluate. Provides a common language to communicate goals, objectives, and expected results of application components and related projects. COBIT defines 34 IT-related business processes. For each of them, information on how the specific process goals can be measured, what the key activities and major deliverables are, and who is responsible for them is provided."},{"question":"What is Communication Standard?","answer":"Describes how messages of a certain data format are communicated when an event occurs. Within health information systems, well-known examples are HL7 and DICOM."},{"question":"Who role component Department Manager?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Application Component?","answer":"An application component is a set of actually usable rules, which control data processing of certain physical data processing systems. Rules are considered to be actually usable, if they are implemented such that they are ready to support certain enterprise functions in a certain enterprise or support communication between application components. If the rules are implemented as executable software, the application component is called computer-based application component. Otherwise it is called non-computer-based."},{"question":"Who is Third-Level Support?","answer":"addresses the most severe problems that cannot be solved by the second-level support. It can consist, for example, of specialists from the software vendor"},{"question":"What part HL7 Message Header","answer":"ADT"},{"question":"Who is Order Entry?","answer":"Process of entering and transmitting a clinical order to a specialized diagnostic or therapeutic service unit (e.g., lab, radiology, surgery) or to another health care professional. The available service spectrum offered by a service unit may be presented in the form of catalogs."},{"question":"What is Storage Area Network?","answer":"A network that provides storage services of different kinds to all servers integrated in the network."},{"question":"What are Administrative Admissions?","answer":"Subfunction of patient admission. Comprises patient identification and documentation of main administrative data during the admission of a patient to an institution. Includes assignment of a patient identification number and of a visit number (case identifier)."},{"question":"Who is Case Mix Index?","answer":"The CMI is calculated from the patients\u2019 DRGs."},{"question":"Who approves Authorization Concept?","answer":"Data Protection Officer"},{"question":"What uses Intermediate Result","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"Who uses Medical Knowledge?","answer":"Nurse"},{"question":"Who is Transaction Management Technology?","answer":"Transaction management in databases but also in sets of distributed databases ensures that every update of data, which are consistent, will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"What part Execution of Market Analysis","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"What is Medical Data Dictionary?","answer":"MDDs are central catalogs of medical concepts and terms that offer the possibility of representing the semantic relationships among all data stored in a HIS, and of linking that local vocabulary to internationally standardized nomenclatures and knowledge sources. MDDs can be independent application components or part of existing application components."},{"question":"What is Data?","answer":"Reinterpretable representation of information or knowledge in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or machines. Formalization may take the form of discrete characters or of continuous signals (e.g., sound signals). To be reinterpretable, there have to be agreements on how data represent information.335"},{"question":"What uses Reference Model for Tactical Management of Information Systems","answer":"Project Management"},{"question":"What is CPOE?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"What is involved in Customizing","answer":"Consultant"},{"question":"What is Benchmarking?","answer":"Describes a process in which organizations evaluate various aspects of their performance and compare it to given standard or to the best organizations (\u201cbest-practice\u201d). Typically, benchmarking comprises quantitative evaluation criteria (key performance indicators). Method of strategic monitoring of hospital information systems."},{"question":"What part Credit Accounting","answer":"Financial Accounting"},{"question":"What supports Internal Quality Management","answer":"Internal Reporting System"},{"question":"What are Message Encryptions?","answer":"Those messages transferred during communication in the context of notifications , teleconsultations, or teleconferences, and for the global use of patient records, have to be protected from unauthorized third party access. Encryption procedures based on public key infrastructures exist for these cases. They are sufficiently secure and can be obtained as commercial encryption software."},{"question":"What key Data Object Service Level Component","answer":"Service Contract"},{"question":"What is Client?","answer":"Clients are all data processing tools that are immediately available to the various user groups within a hospital"},{"question":"What is Subsystem?","answer":"A subset of all components of a system, together with the relationships between them."},{"question":"What part Information Acquisition","answer":"System Analysis"},{"question":"What uses Data Stock Analysis","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"Who is Patient Administration?","answer":"Patient administration comprises the administrative tasks in a hospital dealing more or less immediately with patients. Hospital function comprising patient admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT), and billing. A patient-related (not only case-related) patient administration can be regarded as the center of the memory of a hospital information system."},{"question":"What is associated with Efficiency","answer":"KANN"},{"question":"Who is involved in Information Acquisition (Specification)?","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"Who is Loosely Coupled Network?","answer":"Loosely coupled networks show a low degree of centrality and intensity. They are typically regional bordered, homogeneously configured, and are based on social structures."},{"question":"What are Suitability for the Tasks?","answer":"Does the user interface support the user in fulfilling her or his tasks effectively and efficiently?"},{"question":"What are 3LGM² Interlayer Relationships?","answer":"Dependencies among components of different layers in the 3LGM². Relationships exist between concepts at the domain layer and the logical tool layer and between concepts at the logical tool layer and the physical tool layer."},{"question":"What part Project Duration","answer":"Project Specification"},{"question":"What is Technical Metamodel?","answer":"technical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools usedtechnical metamodels, which are used to build models describing the information processing tools used"},{"question":"What are Integration Technologys?","answer":"Technologies used to achieve integration within distributed health information systems, including federated database systems, transaction management, and middleware (e. g. communication servers, remote function calls, SOA)."},{"question":"Who is Transaction Management?","answer":"Ensures that every update of data which have been consistent will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"What updates Training Concept","answer":"Preparation of Training Course"},{"question":"Who is Interoperability?","answer":"Ability of two or more components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. A component that is called interoperable may, for example, support certain communication standards or certain integration technologies."},{"question":"What updates Procedure","answer":"Coding of Procedures"},{"question":"What is associated with Patient","answer":"Sample"},{"question":"What is Data Transmission Connection?","answer":"Connection of physical data processing systems, e.g., by communication network or courier service. Uses transmitting media such as signal-based media (cable) or nonsignal-based media (e.g., paper)."},{"question":"What is responsible for Qualification Criterion","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What decreases costs","answer":"value delivery"},{"question":"What part Data View","answer":"ARIS"},{"question":"What are Portfolio Managements?","answer":"An important instrument for information management strategic planning is portfolio management. Originally coming from the field of finance to acquire a well-balanced securities portfolio, today the term portfolio management is used to refer to multiple strategic management problems. Portfolio management concerning information management categorizes certain components of an information system, like application components or physical data processing systems, but also projects, using certain criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Categorizes certain components of an information system, using criteria to assess the value of these components for the enterprise and to balance risks and returns. Important instrument for strategic planning of a hospital information system. Comprises, for example, application portfolio management and project portfolio management."},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Closure?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What updates Computer-Based Application System","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What are Transaction Management Technologys?","answer":"Transaction management in databases but also in sets of distributed databases ensures that every update of data, which are consistent, will lead to another state in which data are consistent again."},{"question":"Who is Patient History?","answer":"The patient history contains all clinical data about a patient, including medical and nursing anamnesis, finding discharge summery etc."},{"question":"What is up-to-dateness?","answer":"For example, all client computers used are not older than 3 years."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Information Process?","answer":"Logical and chronological sequence of enterprise functions which interpret or update data about entities. Different from business processes, information processes do not contain the conditions under which enterprise functions are performed."},{"question":"Who is Quality of Data?","answer":"Integrity, reliability, completeness, accuracy, relevancy, standardization, authenticity, availability, confidentiality, and security of data."},{"question":"What uses Written Survey","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What updates Approval to a Study","answer":"Study Exploration"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Discharge Summary?","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"What part Diagnosis","answer":"Discharge Summary"},{"question":"Who is Medical Documentation System?","answer":"Application component supporting specific documentation tasks (e.g., patient history, planning of care, progress notes, report writing). Typically, it contains specialized modules for different medical fields."},{"question":"What part Planning of Buildings","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is involved in Decision and Contract Conclusion?","answer":"Project Steering Committee"},{"question":"What part Tool","answer":"Extended Event-Driven Process Chain"},{"question":"Who is Project Management Board?","answer":"Such a project management board supports the project manager by providing an interface between the project manager, future user groups, vendors involved in the project, and strategic information management authorities like CIO and information management board."},{"question":"What updates Final Report","answer":"Creation of Final Report"},{"question":"What updates To-do List","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What is Metamodel?","answer":"A metamodel is a modeling framework, which consists of modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), i.e. the modeling language, the representation of the concepts (how the concepts are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules (e.g., the modeling steps), i.e. the guideline for applying the language. Language for constructing models of a certain class. A metamodel is the modeling framework which consists of the modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), the representation of the concepts (how the objects are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules. An example of a metamodel for health information systems is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"Who is Quality?","answer":"The ability to meet all the expectations of the purchaser of goods or services, or in other words, as the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements, where \u201crequirements\u201d means need or expectation. Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements. We can typically distinguish three major approaches to quality assessment: quality of structures, quality of processes, and quality of outcome."},{"question":"Who is Functional Metamodel?","answer":"functional metamodels, focusing on hospital functions that are supported by the information system;unctional models represent the enterprise functions of an institution (what is to be done). In a hospital, their elements are the hospital functions that are supported by the application components of the hospital information system."},{"question":"What is KPI?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Observation?","answer":"Observer"},{"question":"What is associated with Data Model","answer":"Information System Metamodel"},{"question":"What is associated with Information Management","answer":"Project Management Triangle"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Visitor and Information Service?","answer":"Information Desk"},{"question":"Who is associated with HIS Stakeholder?","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"What supports Integrated Care","answer":"Integrated Care Network"},{"question":"What are Deductive Approachs?","answer":"The categories used in a qualitative content analysis are defined beforhand."},{"question":"What supports Approval Of ITPolicies","answer":"Policy Component"},{"question":"What are Medical Anamnesiss?","answer":"A medical anamnesis comprises all information needed as a basis for medical care planning."},{"question":"What supports Management of Medical Devices","answer":"Radiology Information System"},{"question":"What is associated with Chief Financial Officer","answer":"President of Information Systems"},{"question":"What uses ticket","answer":"Ticket Evaluation"},{"question":"What is Transcription?","answer":"Transcription means the manual transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, to transfer patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or to copy data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transfer of data from one storage device to another storage device, for example, transfer of patient diagnoses from the patient record to an order entry form, or copy of data from a printout into a computer-based application component. Transcription is often combined with a media crack. Transcription usually leads to the duplication of data."},{"question":"What part Tender Arrangement","answer":"Tender"},{"question":"What key Data Object Diagnostics & Remediation Component","answer":"Run Book"},{"question":"What is responsible for Maintenance Contract","answer":"Vendor"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Requirement?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is involved in System Evaluation?","answer":"Evaluation Team"},{"question":"What is Clinical Context Object Workgroup?","answer":"Develops standards for the synchronization of independent application components running on one workstation, in order to support contextual integration."},{"question":"What part Operational Information Management","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What are Appointments?","answer":"Determines which persons have to be at a certain place at a given time. Examples are appointment for patient admission , examination, or surgery"},{"question":"What updates Professional Development Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Project Hand-Over","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"Who is Double Examination?","answer":"To examine the same aspect twice. Often needed when a patient is transferred from one department to another while there is no data integration so that the new department cannot see and use the results from former examinations. [Anna Lörke according to Winter et al.]"},{"question":"Who is responsible for UML?","answer":"OMG"},{"question":"What are Federated Database Systems?","answer":"A federated database system is an integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems which are part of respective application components. Integrated system of autonomous (component) database systems. The point of integration is to logically bring the database schemata of the component database systems to a single database schema, the federated database schema, in order to attain data integration even when there are redundant data in distributed health information systems."},{"question":"What part Quality of HIS Structures","answer":"HIS Quality"},{"question":"Who is T3?","answer":"3-tier architecture, there is a separate application server and a separate database server. The database server is responsible for storing the data, and on the application server the application components are installed and executed."},{"question":"What uses ISO 9001","answer":"HIS Certification"},{"question":"What is Loosely Coupled Network?","answer":"Loosely coupled networks show a low degree of centrality and intensity. They are typically regional bordered, homogeneously configured, and are based on social structures."},{"question":"What uses Research Document","answer":"Research Management"},{"question":"What is Data Model?","answer":"Data models describe the data processed and stored in an information system. Model describing the data processed and stored in an information system. Concepts typically offered are entity types and their relationships. A typical metamodel for data modeling is offered by the class diagrams in the Unified Modeling Language (UML)."},{"question":"What is Quality of Outcome?","answer":"Finally, quality of outcome describes the effects of patient care, that is, the changes in the health status of the patient (e.g., mortality, morbidity, costs)."},{"question":"What updates Clinical Trial","answer":"Execution of Clinical Trials and Experiments"},{"question":"What is involved in Commissioning","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What is associated with ITIL","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What is Document Archiving System?","answer":"Application component that supports long-term archiving of patient-related and other data and documents based on sustainable standardized data formats, documents formats, and interfaces."},{"question":"What part Organizational View","answer":"ARIS"},{"question":"What is Socio-Technical System?","answer":"A (man-made) system that consists of both human and technical components."},{"question":"What are Radiology Information Systems?","answer":"The radiology information system (RIS) offers features comparable to those of the outpations management system, that is, features for registering patients, appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff (workflow management), provision of pateint data and examination parameters, creation of radiology reports, documation and coding of activities and statistics. Application component supporting the management of a radiology department, comprising appointment scheduling, organization of examinations and staff, provision of patient data and examination parameters, creation of reports, documentation and coding of activities, and statistics."},{"question":"What part Risk Management","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"What are Chief of Information Servicess?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"Who is Computer-Supported Information System?","answer":"An information system that comprises computer-based information processing and communication tools is called a computer-based information system."},{"question":"What supports Execution of Lab Examinations","answer":"LIS"},{"question":"What part Quality of Outcome","answer":"Quality"},{"question":"What is responsible for Medical Procedure","answer":"Physician"},{"question":"What part Finding","answer":"Medical Report"},{"question":"What are BPflVs?","answer":"Verordnung zur Regelung der Krankenhauspflegesätze (Bundespflegesatzverordnung - BPflV); German law on financing health care. Contains sections about: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Vergütung der Krankenhausleistungen, Entgeltarten und Abrechnung, Vereinbarungsverfahren und Sonstige Vorschriften (Compare: http://www.buzer.de/gesetz/4772/index.htm)"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Change Request Check?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"Who is Computer-Based Information System?","answer":"An information system that comprises (among others) computer-based information processing tools."},{"question":"What part Event","answer":"Event-Driven Process Chain"},{"question":"Who is Hospital Information System?","answer":"Socio-technical subsystem of a hospital that comprises all information processing as well as the associated human or technical actors in their respective information processing roles. The aim of a hospital information system is to sufficiently enable the adequate execution of hospital functions for patient care."},{"question":"What are Servers?","answer":"are used to provide sophisticated features to clients"},{"question":"Who is Virtual Private Network?","answer":"Provides an exclusively used, secure, and trustworthy communication network, based on Internet and encryption technologies. Can be established and used by health care networks."},{"question":"What is based on systems thinking","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What part Information Management Staff","answer":"Department of Information management"},{"question":"What part goal system","answer":"goal hierarchy"},{"question":"Who is Transparency?","answer":"The details of the HIS architecture are described in an up-to-date documentation (e.g., using 3LGM ² as modeling language)."},{"question":"What uses Strategic Goal of the Institution","answer":"Systematic Information Processing"},{"question":"What is 3LGM²-S Providing Interface?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"Who approves Schedule for Elicitation?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What uses Interview","answer":"Information Acquisition (Evaluation)"},{"question":"What is associated with Event-Driven Process Chain","answer":"ARIS"},{"question":"What are Teleradiology Systems?","answer":"Enables evaluations of radiological images from (external) radiologists\u2019 remote workplaces and may be closely connected to RIS and PACS"},{"question":"What are Monolithic Styles?","answer":"In the simplest case, the overall HIS consists of only one computer-based application component, which supports most of the enterprise functions."},{"question":"Who is involved in Project?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Third-Level Support","answer":"User Support"},{"question":"What are Datas?","answer":"Reinterpretable representation of information or knowledge in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or machines. Formalization may take the form of discrete characters or of continuous signals (e.g., sound signals). To be reinterpretable, there have to be agreements on how data represent information.335"},{"question":"What is associated with Object Identity","answer":"Patient Identification Number"},{"question":"What is The Provider-Centric Strategy?","answer":"n the provider-centric strategy the medical records are kept by the institution that created them and are made available to other organizations on request."},{"question":"Who is Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?","answer":"An  economic  analysis  to  compare  the  costs  and  consequences of an information system component. It does not require that all important effects and benefi ts are expressed in monetary terms. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It does not require that all important effects be expressed in monetary terms."},{"question":"Who is Service Catalog?","answer":"A service catalog contains all available orders"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Entity Type","answer":"Reference Model for the Domain Layer of Hospital Information Systems"},{"question":"What is associated with Management of Information Systems","answer":"Project Management Triangle"},{"question":"What part Service Operation","answer":"ITIL Service Lifecycle"},{"question":"What updates Study Plan","answer":"Operationalization of Methods and Detailed Study Plan"},{"question":"Who is Information Management?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"What are Consistencys?","answer":"In DB n-styled information systems patient data and data of other objects are often stored redundantly, that is, there are copies of data representing the same information about one particular object. Obviously these copies are supposed to be identical at all sites where they are stored. In other words, even redundant data must not be contradictory. We denote this type of integrity consistency."},{"question":"What service Model Backbone Data Object Release Composotion Component","answer":"Service Release"},{"question":"What are CIOs?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What supports Nursing Discharge and Nursing Report Writing","answer":"Nursing Management and Documentation System"},{"question":"What updates Patient Transport","answer":"Scheduling and Resource Planning with the Medical Service Unit"},{"question":"What updates Objective of Analysis","answer":"System Analysis Planning"},{"question":"What part Project Review Execution Section","answer":"Checklist for Project Review"},{"question":"What are Blood Bank Management Systems?","answer":"Supports blood donor services, blood analyses, administration of blood bottles"},{"question":"What part 3LGM² Software Product","answer":"3LGM² Logical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What uses Project Goal","answer":"Project Marketing"},{"question":"What is involved in Piloting","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What is based on quality awareness","answer":"methodology of Information Management"},{"question":"What is Material?","answer":"Is medical strip, bandage, needle, etc."},{"question":"What part Medical Documentation System","answer":"Clinical Information System"},{"question":"What part Performance of Legal Notification Requirements","answer":"Quality Management"},{"question":"Who is T2?","answer":"In a 2-tier architecture, there is a server that serves both as application and database server. The program execution can partly or completely be given to the client PCs. We will refer to these architectures as \u201cT 2.\u201d"},{"question":"What are Availability of the Application Components?","answer":"down times per year"},{"question":"What part Reporting","answer":"System Operation"},{"question":"What is Specialization?","answer":"Specializations describe refinement relationships."},{"question":"What is Patient?","answer":"Is a person who is a subject of care; information about a patient includes the patient identification number (PIN)"},{"question":"What uses Project Web Site","answer":"Project Monitoring"},{"question":"What updates Tender","answer":"System Selection"},{"question":"Who is Access Integration?","answer":"Access integration is guaranteed when the application components needed for the           completion of a certain task can be used where they are needed."},{"question":"What is responsible for Hospital Management","answer":"Hospital Management Staff"},{"question":"What uses IT Strategy","answer":"Projects Planning"},{"question":"What part 5 - Optimizing","answer":"Capability Maturity Model Integration"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Ticket Evaluation?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What updates Evaluation Plan","answer":"Evaluation Planning"},{"question":"Who is involved in Change Request Monitoring?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What is based on HL7 Reference Information Model","answer":"HL7 Version 3"},{"question":"What is DB1 Style?","answer":"If a HIS (or its subinformation system) comprises only one database to store all patient-related data, we call this the DB 1 style. This single database is often called the central database."},{"question":"What updates Enterprise Organizational Structure","answer":"Management"},{"question":"What are Ad Hoc Monitorings?","answer":"Ad Hoc Monitoring may be initiated when larger changes of a component are planned, or when sudden larger problems of HIS components have been observed. Ad hoc activities help to analyze a certain situation in detail, in order to better understand reasons and consequences of an observed or expected problem. The execution of those ad hoc activities entails systems evaluation studies which are planned and conducted by tactical information management."},{"question":"What supports Hospital Function","answer":"Application"},{"question":"Who is ITIL?","answer":"The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is the de-facto standard framework for IT Service management. ITIL was developed for the British Government in order to define best practices for all governmental computing centers."},{"question":"What updates Production Facility","answer":"Verwaltung des Technologiebestand"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Organizational Unit?","answer":"Top Management"},{"question":"What is involved in CAB execution","answer":"Department Manager"},{"question":"What part Project Goal","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"What are Self-Descriptivenesss?","answer":"Is each step of the user interface understandable for the user by providing direct feedback or explanation?"},{"question":"What is standardized physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, all computer-based physical tools follow predefined standards for technical interfaces"},{"question":"What updates Project Resource","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What part Tactical HIS Planning","answer":"Tactical Management of Information Systems"},{"question":"What uses Meeting Management","answer":"Result Verification"},{"question":"Who is KPI?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"What updates corporate strategy","answer":"Business-IT alignment"},{"question":"Who is associated with Stellenbeschreibung?","answer":"position"},{"question":"What are DB1 Styles?","answer":"If a HIS (or its subinformation system) comprises only one database to store all patient-related data, we call this the DB 1 style. This single database is often called the central database."},{"question":"Who approves Project Plan?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Study Evaluation Section","answer":"Evaluation Report"},{"question":"What is based on Business Process Modeling Method","answer":"Control View"},{"question":"What supports Archiving","answer":"Storage Medium"},{"question":"What part External Finding","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What part Database Server","answer":"T2"},{"question":"What is associated with IHE Domain","answer":"IHE Technical Framework"},{"question":"What are AppropriatePhysicalDataProcessingSystems?","answer":"For example, the bedside computer does not dominate the physician-patient relationship."},{"question":"What is associated with V1 Style","answer":"Monolithic Architecture"},{"question":"What updates Project Plan","answer":"Project Plan Approval"},{"question":"What is Converging Technologies?","answer":"Converging Technologies is the interrelationship between medical devices and Health Information Technology."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Knowledge Management?","answer":"Chief Knowledge Officer"},{"question":"What are Data Integrations?","answer":"Data integration is obtained in a hospital information system when data that have been recorded are available wherever they are needed, without having to be reentered. Thus, each data item needs to be recorded, changed, deleted, or otherwise edited just once, even if it is used in several application components."},{"question":"What updates Medical and Nursing Knowledge","answer":"Research Management"},{"question":"What is Medical Documentation System?","answer":"Application component supporting specific documentation tasks (e.g., patient history, planning of care, progress notes, report writing). Typically, it contains specialized modules for different medical fields."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Organizational Unit?","answer":"An organizational unit is a part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities."},{"question":"What are Information Processings?","answer":"In the context of hospital information systems, it refers to the processing of data together with their related information, and knowledge."},{"question":"What part Contract Object","answer":"IT Service Contract"},{"question":"What is associated with corporate success","answer":"Critical Competitive Factor"},{"question":"Who is Object Identity?","answer":"Object identity comes from object-oriented programming and means that an object has an existence that is independent of its value. Applying this to the representation of entity types in a database leads to the requirement that the representation of every entity must be uniquely identifiable. Condition of an information system where the representation of every entity is uniquely identifiable. In a health information system, this is especially important for patients and cases because all medical data need to be assigned to a particular patient and his or her cases. Patient identification numbers and case identification numbers are used for that purpose. Object identity is an important condition for integrity within HIS."},{"question":"What uses Tender","answer":"Execution of Market Analysis"},{"question":"What part 3LGM²-S Service","answer":"3LGM²-S"},{"question":"What is based on corporate strategy","answer":"Business Model"},{"question":"Who is Physical Data Processing System?","answer":"A physically touchable object or a simulated physically touchable object being able to receive, store, forward, or purposefully manipulate data.           We denote receiving, storing, forwarding, and purposeful manipulation of data as data processing. This data processing is controlled by rules.           Physical data processing systems are used to implement computer-based as well as paper-based application components.           They can be human actors (such as the person delivering mail), non-computer-based physical tools (such as forms for nursing documentation,           paper-based patient records, or telephones), or computer systems. Physical data processing systems are also called physical tools."},{"question":"What supports Management Of Service Portfolio","answer":"Service Portfolio Component"},{"question":"What uses 5-Level-Method for Systematic Structural Planning","answer":"Structural Planning"},{"question":"Who is Quality of HIS Architecture?","answer":"HIS architecture should ensure that the different computer-based and non-computer-based information processing tools can be smoothly and efficiently integrated, in order to provide a maximum quality of information processing."},{"question":"What supports Management Of ITInvestments","answer":"IT Investment Portfolio Component"},{"question":"What is Healthcare Services Specification Project?","answer":"In 2005 the Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP) was initiated as a joint initiative between the Health Level 7 (HL7) organization and the Object Management Group (OMG). Up to now the project defined functional specifications through HL7 for four services: the decision support service; the entity identification service; the clinical research filtered query service; and the retrieve, locate, and update service. Technical specifications and commercial implementations have been developed as well within OMG."},{"question":"What is responsible for Execution of a Stakeholder Analysis","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What uses methodology of Information Management","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What part Role Modeling Element","answer":"Organizational Model"},{"question":"What updates Nursing Anamnesis","answer":"Nursing Admission"},{"question":"What is Adaptability?","answer":"Can a software product be easily adapted to the working context? For example, functionality of a RIS software can be adapted to the particular workflow in a specific radiology."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Work Package Execution?","answer":"Work Package Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Directing?","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What part Commissioning","answer":"System Introduction"},{"question":"What is involved in Defining Project Organization","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What part Organizational Unit","answer":"Extended Event-Driven Process Chain"},{"question":"What uses Informed Consent","answer":"Execution of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures"},{"question":"Who is System?","answer":"Set of persons, things, events and their relationships that forms an integrated whole. We distinguish between natural systems and artificial (man-made) systems. A system can be divided into subsystems."},{"question":"What part Wissenstransfer","answer":"Bausteine des Wissensmanagement"},{"question":"Who is Consistency?","answer":"In DB n-styled information systems patient data and data of other objects are often stored redundantly, that is, there are copies of data representing the same information about one particular object. Obviously these copies are supposed to be identical at all sites where they are stored. In other words, even redundant data must not be contradictory. We denote this type of integrity consistency."},{"question":"What is based on Data","answer":"EDI"},{"question":"What are The Provider-Centric Strategys?","answer":"n the provider-centric strategy the medical records are kept by the institution that created them and are made available to other organizations on request."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Designing Customer-Centered Services?","answer":"IT Service Management Staff"},{"question":"What updates Release Change Concept","answer":"Operational HIS Planning"},{"question":"Who is Quality Management?","answer":"All activities of a health care institution\u2019s management that ensure and continually improve the quality of patient care. This includes setting the goals, defining the responsibilities, and establishing and monitoring the processes to achieve these goals."},{"question":"What is involved in Meeting Management","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What part Hospital Service","answer":"Service Catalog"},{"question":"What is NIC?","answer":"NIC=Nursing Interventions Classification"},{"question":"What part Goal System","answer":"goal hierarchy"},{"question":"Who is ISO 9241?","answer":"defines specific quality characteristics for software ergonomics"},{"question":"What part Physical Data Processing System","answer":"Physical Tool Layer"},{"question":"What is Management of Information Systems?","answer":"Information management comprises those management activities that deal with the management of information processing in an institution, for example, a hospital. Information management plans the information system of an enterprise and its architecture, directs its establishment and its operation, and monitors its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. Different management levels have different perceptions and interests. The management of the business unit information processing is called information management. In general, information management should contribute to fulfill strategic enterprise goals."},{"question":"What are Accuracys?","answer":"Describes that data should be free from mistakes. For example, patient laboratory findings are free of measurement or transcription errors."},{"question":"What part ISO 9241-110 User Interface Design Quality","answer":"ISO 9241-110"},{"question":"What is ISO/OSI Reference Model?","answer":"This reference model provides a framework for describing communication between computers at seven levels. Standards for the respective communication protocols such as TCP/IP are available for each level"},{"question":"Who role component Project Team Member?","answer":"Specification Team"},{"question":"What part Project Specification","answer":"Project Order"},{"question":"What increases Response Rate","answer":"Elicitation Form Testing"},{"question":"What are RPCs?","answer":"Synchronous communication between application components, enabling the execution of a procedure that can run on a remote computer through a process that is running on a local computer."},{"question":"What part Directing","answer":"Management"},{"question":"What supports Billing of Accountable Services","answer":"ERP System"},{"question":"Who is Director of Information Systems?","answer":"It is generally useful to centralize responsibilities for information management in one role. This role is usually called chief information officer (CIO); but the role is also often called vice president (or director) of information systems (or information services, information management, information and communication technology, information resources) or chief of information services. Responsible for the strategic, tactical, and operational information management and the related budgets in an enterprise. The CIO usually has the authority for all employees concerned with information management. The specific position of the CIO demands dedicated professional skills."},{"question":"What are Key Performance Indicators?","answer":"Is a quantitative measurement for monitoring the achievement of strategic goals (facility management KPI, information system KPI, human resource KPI, patient administration KPI, resource KPI). Quantitative measures for regularly monitoring the achievement of strategic goals of an enterprise. Can be used for benchmarking of health information systems."},{"question":"What part stream of information","answer":"Business Architecture"},{"question":"Who is Patient Identification Number?","answer":"A unique patient identification number (PIN) must be assigned to each patient. This PIN should be valid and unchangeable lifelong (i.e., the PIN should not be based on changeable patient \u2019s attributes such as the name).The PIN is the main precondition for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during previous, recent, as well as future hospitalizations. Number for the unique identification of a patient. Should be used in all parts of a health information system for patient identification. Is the precondition for the object identity of the entity type ''patient'', and for a patient-oriented combination of all information arising during the patient's previous, recent as well as future hospitalizations. Should be valid and unchangeable lifelong."},{"question":"What part Requirements Management","answer":"TOGAF"},{"question":"What part Simulation","answer":"Verification (Specification)"},{"question":"What is European Norm 1613?","answer":"Standard for the exchange of laboratory information"},{"question":"What is responsible for Database Administration","answer":"System Administrator"},{"question":"What is associated with DICOM Standard","answer":"IHE"},{"question":"What updates Drug","answer":"Material and Medication Management"},{"question":"Who is 3LGM² Organizational Unit?","answer":"An organizational unit is a part of an institution which can be defined by responsibilities."},{"question":"What are Balance of Data Security and Working Processess?","answer":"A hospital information system should implement strict access control methods to ensure that unauthorized access is impossible. However, this can lead to hindrances in the daily work of the health care professionals."},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Plan Approval?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"What approves Evaluation Plan","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What is Picture Archiving and Communication System?","answer":"Application component that supports the storage, management, manipulation, and presentation of digital images and their communication to attached workstations for the diagnosing specialists or for the ordering departments."},{"question":"What is Patient Record?","answer":"A patient record in general is composed of all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution."},{"question":"Who is Strategic HIS Planning?","answer":"The planning activities of strategic information management result in a specific strategic information management plan. This plan includes the direction and strategy of information management and gives directives for the construction and development of the hospital information system by describing its intended architecture."},{"question":"What is involved in Project","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"What updates Observation Protocol","answer":"Qualitative Observation"},{"question":"What part IHE Actor","answer":"IHE Integration Profile"},{"question":"What part Family History","answer":"Patient History"},{"question":"What is Utility Analysis?","answer":"An economic analysis that compares costs and consequences of an information system component, taking personal preferences into account by including weighting factors for each criterion."},{"question":"What are Patient Record Systems?","answer":"The paper-based patient record system, comprising a paper file and the organizational rules regarding which papers have to be collected where by whom, serves as a collection of all documents that are either available only in paper-based form (such as the patient chart) or that are printed out by computer-based application components to support easier access to relevant data (such as print-out of new findings ). Application component that comprises all data and documents generated or received during the care of a patient at a health care institution. Document carriers may be paper-based or electronic media. Nowadays, many documents in the paper-based patinet record are computer printouts, and the portion of documents created in computer-based form will further increase, which supports the trend towards the electronic patient record."},{"question":"What is Functional Integration?","answer":"Functional integration means that features needed in several application components are           implemented only once and can be invoked by other application components."},{"question":"Who is Patient Data Management System?","answer":"The patient data management system (PDMS) is specialized to automatically monitor, store, and clearly present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data in intensive care units.It also supports scoring (e.g., TISS,  SAPS  ) and may offer features for decision support and various statistical analyses. Application component in intensive care units to automatically monitor, store, and present a vast amount of patient-related clinical data. In this area, the requirements for the permanent availability of the application components and their data is of highest importance to guarantee patient's safety."},{"question":"What are Metamodels?","answer":"A metamodel is a modeling framework, which consists of modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), i.e. the modeling language, the representation of the concepts (how the concepts are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules (e.g., the modeling steps), i.e. the guideline for applying the language. Language for constructing models of a certain class. A metamodel is the modeling framework which consists of the modeling syntax and semantics (the available modeling concepts together with their meaning), the representation of the concepts (how the objects are represented in a concrete model, e.g., in a graphical way), and (sometimes) the modeling rules. An example of a metamodel for health information systems is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"What is responsible for Execution of a Kick-Off-Meeting","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who updates Project Team Member?","answer":"Defining Project Organization"},{"question":"What is Oncology Information System?","answer":"Provides many features of a CIS while tailoring the special needs of an oncology department"},{"question":"Who is Physical Tool Layer?","answer":"A set of physical data processing systems in the 3LGM² that are physically connected via data transmission connections."},{"question":"Who is IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing?","answer":"The IHE Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS) Integration Profile focuses on providing standard-based specifications for transinstitutional sharing of medical documents. The content of the documents is not limited to textual information but also comprises images and coded clinical information. In IHE XDS, a document repository is responsible for storing the documents in a secure, reliable and consistent way and responds to retrieval requests that can be submitted by any connected institution. In the document registry information about these documents is stored so that they can be found and selected irrespective of the repositories where they are physically stored."},{"question":"What is associated with AC1 Style","answer":"All-In-One Architecture"},{"question":"What uses Controlling Report","answer":"Hospital Management"},{"question":"What is Service?","answer":"A feature provided by an application component in order to be used by other application components. Services of similar type can be summarized in a service class."},{"question":"What are Standardization of HIS Architectures?","answer":"percentage of interfaces using standards such as HL7"},{"question":"What uses Deductive Approach","answer":"Qualitative Content Analysis"},{"question":"What part Physical Tool Layer","answer":"Three Layer Graph-Based Metamodel"},{"question":"What is POE?","answer":"Application component for order entry of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (e.g., lab examinations) from specialized service units as well as for ordering of drugs."},{"question":"Who is involved in Knowledge Management?","answer":"Competence"},{"question":"Who is Integrated Health Care Delivery System?","answer":"One form of a health care network where health care institutions join together to consolidate their roles, resources, and operations in order to deliver a coordinated range of services and to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of patient care."},{"question":"What uses Order Catalog","answer":"Preparation of an Order"},{"question":"What is associated with Law","answer":"Legal Requirement"},{"question":"Who is responsible for User Administration?","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What uses Food","answer":"Catering"},{"question":"What are First Study Designs?","answer":"The First Study Design Phase has the purpose of sketching the foundation for study. The following activities have to be done:    establish the evaluation team;   \u2022   formulate in detail the study questions you want to answer and the evaluation criteria  \u2022 you want to access;   identify  any  constraints  the  study  may  have  (e.g.,   budget ,  location,  time,  political  \u2022 aspects);   select the (quantitative or qualitative) methods you want to apply to answer your study  \u2022 questions;\n  describe the organizational context and technical setting your study will take place in;   \u2022\n  outline the time plan for the evaluation study and inform the involved user groups;   \u2022\n  pay attention to any legal or ethical aspects that may occur;   \u2022\n  decide on a strategy for reporting the evaluation results.     \u2022"},{"question":"What updates Project Organization","answer":"Execution of a Project Organization Form"},{"question":"What uses Target State Model","answer":"Verification (Specification)"},{"question":"What is Clinical Research?","answer":"generalization of findings and experiences to gain new knowledge.120"},{"question":"What part Evaluation Methods Section","answer":"Evaluation Plan"},{"question":"What updates Material","answer":"Material and Medication Management"},{"question":"What are Contextual Integrations?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"What part Structural Planning","answer":"Project Planning"},{"question":"What part Patient Insurance Data","answer":"Administrative Patient Data"},{"question":"What part Study Objective","answer":"Study"},{"question":"What uses Backbone","answer":"Operational Information Management"},{"question":"Who is Notification?","answer":"Is the obligation hospitals have to inform the local health authority if a notifiable infection or disease such as HIV, hepatitis, or anthrax occurred"},{"question":"Who is involved in Project Management Board?","answer":"Representative of Hospital Department"},{"question":"Who approves Evaluation Plan?","answer":"Contractor"},{"question":"What is based on cause-effect relationship","answer":"Explanatory Model"},{"question":"What part Project Initiation","answer":"Strategic HIS Directing"},{"question":"Who is secure physical data processing system?","answer":"For example, the mobile tools support data safety and data security as well as electrical safety. There exist standards such as ISO27001 3 that focus on these safety aspects."},{"question":"What updates Purchase Contract","answer":"Decision and Contract Conclusion"},{"question":"What uses Correctness","answer":"Verification (System Analysis)"},{"question":"What uses Success Factor","answer":"Inspection Analysis"},{"question":"What are Controllabilitys?","answer":"Can the user, after having initiated the first step, control the fl ow and speed of tasks?"},{"question":"What is Information System Model?","answer":"An information system model is a model describing the architecture of the hospital\u2019s information system. Model that comprises several models such as a functional model, technical model, organizational model, data model, and business process model. Beyond this, information system models consider the dependencies of these models. An example of a metamodel for creating information system models is the 3LGM²."},{"question":"What are 3LGM²-S Invoking Interfaces?","answer":"As their names imply, providing interfaces and invoking interfaces, each belonging to only one application component, are able to provide or to invoke services."},{"question":"What are Cost\u2013Benefit Analysiss?","answer":"An economic analysis that converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs and compares them. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs."},{"question":"Who is Certification?","answer":"Assessment of the compliance with certain predefined quality characteristics. For example, ISO 9001 standard assesses the hospital\u2019s compliance with certain quality management standards, and the Joint Commission assesses the quality of processes related to patient care, hospital management, and information management. CCHIT and EuroRec certify functionality, security, and interoperability of electronic health records."},{"question":"What part UML Class","answer":"UML Class Diagram"},{"question":"What part Long-Term HIS Planning","answer":"Strategic HIS Planning"},{"question":"What part Business Process","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What are CVISs?","answer":"Provides many features of a clinical information system (CIS) and a radiology information system (RIS) while tailoring the special needs of a cardiology department"},{"question":"What is OAIS3?","answer":"OAIS 3 provides rules for  long-term archiving, confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data"},{"question":"What updates Appointment","answer":"Scheduling and Resource Planning with the Medical Service Unit"},{"question":"What supports Structural Quality Assessment","answer":"3LGM² Tool"},{"question":"What part Patient Activity Level","answer":"Nursing Report"},{"question":"What supports Documentation","answer":"Information System"},{"question":"What supports Synchronous Communication","answer":"RPC"},{"question":"Who is involved in Jour-fixe Execution CEO?","answer":"Chief Information Officer"},{"question":"What is responsible for Certification by CCHIT","answer":"Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology"},{"question":"What are Clinical Document Architectures?","answer":"ANSI Standard for the Structure of Clinical Documents HL7 document format that describes persistent records of medical information, encoded in XML."},{"question":"What uses Stakeholder Analysis","answer":"Project Initiation"},{"question":"What part Knowledge Development","answer":"Bausteine des Wissensmanagement"},{"question":"What is responsible for Defining and Scheduling Milestones","answer":"Client"},{"question":"What is responsible for User Administration","answer":"Application Administrator"},{"question":"What uses measuring instrument","answer":"measuring"},{"question":"What are Hospital Managements?","answer":"Hospital management decides on questions of fundamental importance for the hospital development (hospital goals, strategic decisions, personnel decisions and decisions about budget , investments, and key treatments)."},{"question":"Who is Tactical HIS Directing?","answer":"Directing in tactical management means the execution of such tactical information management projects in hospitals, based on a project plan. Therefore, it includes typical tasks of project management such as resource allocation and coordination, motivation and training of the staff, etc. Monitoring means continually"},{"question":"What part Subject","answer":"Project Background and Goal"},{"question":"Who is involved in Defining Project Organization?","answer":"Sponsor"},{"question":"Who is involved in Meeting Management?","answer":"Project Team"},{"question":"What is Classification?","answer":"Consists of a set of classes summarizing concepts not to be distinguished during analysis"},{"question":"What part software system","answer":"Use-Case Diagram"},{"question":"What is associated with Behavioral Perspective","answer":"Business Process Model"},{"question":"What key Data Object Event Component","answer":"Event"},{"question":"What part Preparation of an Order","answer":"Order Entry"},{"question":"What part position","answer":"employee"},{"question":"Who is Controllability?","answer":"Can the user, after having initiated the first step, control the fl ow and speed of tasks?"},{"question":"Who is Classification of Diagnoses?","answer":"Is, for example, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)"},{"question":"What part Matrix Project Organization","answer":"Hybrid Project Organization"},{"question":"What are Conformity with User Expectationss?","answer":"Is the user interface consistent and adapted to the characteristics of the user (e.g., his knowledge, skills, and expectations)?"},{"question":"What uses Check List","answer":"Execution of Market Analysis"},{"question":"What updates Project","answer":"Project Approval"},{"question":"What is Sub-Information System?","answer":"A subset of the components of an information system and the relationships between them. A sub-information system is a subsystem of the overall information system and thus itself an information system."},{"question":"What part SAPCO","answer":"SAPERP"},{"question":"What is associated with American Institute of Certified Public Accountants","answer":"Continuous Auditing"},{"question":"What key Data Object Test Component","answer":"Test Case"},{"question":"What part Quality Policy","answer":"Corporate Strategy"},{"question":"What are Activitys?","answer":"An activity interprets data about certain entity types and updates data of certain entity types. Instantiation of an enterprise function. Different from enterprise functions, activities have a definite beginning and end."},{"question":"What part System Selection","answer":"Project Execution"},{"question":"What uses Law","answer":"Formulation of a Project Idea"},{"question":"What part Knowledge Retrieval and Literature Management","answer":"Research and Education"},{"question":"What supports Medical Admission","answer":"Operation Management System"},{"question":"What is involved in Detail Planning","answer":"Department Staff"},{"question":"Who is Model?","answer":"A description of what the modeler thinks to be relevant of a system. In the sciences, models commonly represent a simplified depiction of reality or excerpts of it. Models are adapted to answer certain questions or to solve certain tasks. Models may be developed based on metamodels."},{"question":"What part Execution of an IT Evaluation Study","answer":"IT Evaluation Study Management and Execution"},{"question":"What uses Change Request Protocol","answer":"Change Request Monitoring"},{"question":"Who is Synchronous Communication?","answer":"Synchronous communication is thereby carried out, meaning that the process in the initiating application component, following the initialization of communication with another application component, is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained. Form of communication in which the process in the application component that initiated communication with another application component is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained."},{"question":"What uses Migration Plan","answer":"System Specification"},{"question":"What are ISO 9241s?","answer":"defines specific quality characteristics for software ergonomics"},{"question":"Who is Quality of Structures?","answer":"In the context of health care, the concept of quality of structures applies to the human, physical, and financial resources that are needed to provide medical care (e.g., educational level of staff, availability of medical equipment)."},{"question":"What uses System Analysis Result","answer":"Customizing"},{"question":"What are Availability of Datas?","answer":"Availability means that data must be retrievable and readable at any time throughout the archiving period"},{"question":"What is ERP System?","answer":"Application component that supports the management of all resources of an organization, including controlling, financial accounting, facility management, human resources management, quality management, and supply and disposal management."},{"question":"What is involved in Project Management Board","answer":"Representative of Hospital Department"},{"question":"What is based on Entity-Relation-Notation","answer":"Data Model"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Plan Creation","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Performance of Application Components?","answer":"Computing Center Manager"},{"question":"What is Vn Style?","answer":"heterogeneous HIS comprise software from several vendors; they are denoted as \u201cV n\"."},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Conflict Management","answer":"Project Management Board"},{"question":"What supports Making a Backup","answer":"Storage Medium"},{"question":"What part Proficiency Testing of Vendors","answer":"Bid Comparison"},{"question":"What key Data Object Fulfillment Execution Component","answer":"Fulfillment Request"},{"question":"Who is SOA?","answer":"Architectural style of health information systems where an application component is able to provide services and/or to invoke services from other application components (e.g., by remote function calls)."},{"question":"What uses Information System","answer":"System Analysis and Assessment"},{"question":"What part intrapersonel informations behavior","answer":"Information Behaviour"},{"question":"What is Project Management Board?","answer":"Such a project management board supports the project manager by providing an interface between the project manager, future user groups, vendors involved in the project, and strategic information management authorities like CIO and information management board."},{"question":"What is 3LGM² Message Type?","answer":"A message type describes a class of uniform messages and determines which data about which entity types is communicated by a message belonging to this message type."},{"question":"What is based on Network Topology","answer":"Network"},{"question":"What are Rooms?","answer":"Is an operating room (OR), doctor\u2019s office, or waiting room"},{"question":"What are Synchronous Communications?","answer":"Synchronous communication is thereby carried out, meaning that the process in the initiating application component, following the initialization of communication with another application component, is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained. Form of communication in which the process in the application component that initiated communication with another application component is interrupted as long as response data from the partner are not obtained."},{"question":"Who is Homogeneous Architecture?","answer":"comparable in appearance and usability, for example, using tools from the same vendor"},{"question":"Who is involved in System Selection?","answer":"Legal Expert"},{"question":"What is Mesh?","answer":"Each physical data processing system is connected with one or more devices; if each device is connected with all other devices on the network the mesh is said to be fully connected."},{"question":"Who is responsible for Change Request Decision?","answer":"Change Advisory Board"},{"question":"What increases performance potential","answer":"Information Management"},{"question":"What updates Knowledge","answer":"Knowledge Management"},{"question":"What is Visual Integration?","answer":"Contextual integration means that the context is preserved when the application component           is changed. Or, more generally, the aim is that a task that has already been executed once for a certain purpose,           such as login to a component, or selecting a patient, needs not be repeated again in the information system,           in order to achieve the same purpose."},{"question":"What are Information Management Departments?","answer":"There is usually one central information management department (often called the department for medical informatics, hospital computing center, or ICT department). This unit takes care at least of the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system , the clinical information system , and the computer network ). In larger hospitals, there may be subdivisions with respect to tasks (e.g., different units for desktop management, user support, clinical systems, or networking). If the information management department also cares of strategic information management , the head of this department is typically the CIO. This unit takes care of at least the tactical and operational information management of those parts of the HIS with hospital-wide relevance (e.g., the enterprise resource planning system, the clinical information system, and the computer network). If the department for information management also takes care of strategic information management, the head of this department is typically the CIO."},{"question":"What is based on Data Integration","answer":"Multiple Usability of Data"},{"question":"Who is Cost\u2013Benefit Analysis?","answer":"An economic analysis that converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs and compares them. An economic analysis to compare the costs and consequences of a component of an information system. It converts effects of an information system component into the same monetary terms as the costs."},{"question":"What are Architectural Style of the Logical Tool Layers?","answer":"However, there are significant differences in hospital information systems architectures with respect to the types and relationships of information processing tools used and the way they are integrated."},{"question":"What is responsible for IT Support","answer":"Operational Information Management Staff"},{"question":"What is responsible for Project Controlling","answer":"Project Manager"},{"question":"Who is responsible for Project Representation?","answer":"Project Manager"}];