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Satellite Communication Project

Overview

This project aims to establish secure communication between a satellite and a ground station using encryption and blockchain technology.

Directory Structure

  • /keys: Contains RSA key pairs for the satellite and ground station.
  • /encryption: Encryption logic using RSA and AES.
  • /blockchain: Implements a basic blockchain to log commands.
  • /contracts: Smart contracts for managing satellite commands.
  • /scripts: Scripts for the satellite and ground station.
  • /data: Telemetry data in JSON format.

Installation

To install the required packages, run:

pip install -r requirements.txt
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nodejs npm
sudo npm install -g truffle
npm install -g ganache-cli

Usage

Ground Station

truffle init
truffle compile
truffle migrate
truffle deploy
truffle console --network development

Satellite Model :

Satellite Equipment

The satellite is designed to integrate advanced communication technologies, including laser communication for high-speed data transfer. Key components include:

  • Raspberry Pi 4 :Acts as the processing unit for managing communication protocols and controlling the onboard laser systems.

  • Camera Module (48MP): Captures high-resolution images and transmits them to Earth using laser communication.

  • Laser Diode (650nm, 5mW): Serves as the primary communication channel, transmitting data in the form of light beams.

  • Photodetector: Used to receive light signals for two-way communication or testing.

  • Transimpedance Amplifier: Converts light signals into electrical signals for data processing.

  • Lens System: Focuses and optimizes the laser beam for long-distance transmission.

  • Power System: Solar panels and batteries supply energy to all components onboard.

  • Collision Avoidance System: Ensures safe operation in crowded orbital regions.

Architecture Diagram :

Arch diagram

Laser Communication Details

  • Operating Wavelength: 650nm (visible red laser), suitable for short-to-medium-range communication.
  • Data Transfer Rate: Offers much higher speeds compared to traditional RF communication, capable of gigabit-level transfer rates.
  • Beam Precision: Laser communication ensures highly focused beams, reducing interference and improving bandwidth utilization.

Advantages:

  • Low latency and high-speed transmission.
  • High security due to narrow beam divergence.
  • Reduced risk of signal interception.

Challenges:

  • Performance may be affected by weather conditions like rain, clouds, or atmospheric turbulence.
  • Requires precise alignment between the satellite and ground station.

Communication Architecture Diagram :

communication arch diagram

Ground station architecture Diagram :

ground arch diagram

Laser Equipment

  • Laser Diode Module: A 5mW, 650nm red laser serves as the primary transmitter for optical communication.
  • Laser Driver Circuit (LM317): Provides stable current to the laser diode for efficient operation.
  • Lens System: Enhances the beam’s focus and range. Can use Fresnel or aspheric lenses for cost-efficiency.
  • Photodetector (Light-Dependent Resistor): Detects incoming laser signals for testing or two-way communication.
  • Transimpedance Amplifier: Amplifies weak signals received from the photodetector.
  • Safety Measures: Laser safety goggles and secure mounts to avoid beam misdirection or damage.

Ground Station Equipment

The ground station will track and communicate with the satellite, featuring the following components:

  • Laser Receiver Module: Includes a photodetector and amplifier to capture laser signals.
  • Telescope System: Tracks and focuses on the satellite's laser beam for precise alignment.
  • Motorized Mount/Tripod: Adjusts the receiver's position to maintain alignment with the satellite’s orbit.
  • Raspberry Pi with ADC (MCP3008): Processes incoming signals, converts analog signals to digital, and interfaces with the control systems.
  • Communication Software: Handles decoding, error correction, and data visualization.
  • Power System: Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to ensure consistent operation.
  • Weather Monitoring System: Detects adverse weather conditions like clouds or rain that may affect laser communication.