1 - Strings.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Strings\n",
    "\n",
    "Topics:\n",
    "1. How to get a string\n",
    "2. String interpolation\n",
    "3. String concatenation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## How to get a string\n",
    "\n",
    "Enclose your characters in \" \" or \"\"\" \"\"\"!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"I am a string.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = \"I am a string.\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"I am also a string. \""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s2 = \"\"\"I am also a string. \"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are a couple functional differences between strings enclosed in single and triple quotes. <br>\n",
    "One difference is that, in the latter case, you can use quotation marks within your string."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LoadError",
     "evalue": "syntax: cannot juxtapose string literal",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "syntax: cannot juxtapose string literal",
      "",
      "Stacktrace:",
      " [1] top-level scope",
      "   @ In[3]:1",
      " [2] eval",
      "   @ ./boot.jl:360 [inlined]",
      " [3] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(REPL.softscope), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)",
      "   @ Base ./loading.jl:1116"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Here, we get an \"error\" because it's ambiguous where this string ends \""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Look, Mom, no \\\"errors\\\"!!! \""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"\"\"Look, Mom, no \"errors\"!!! \"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Note that ' ' define a character, but NOT a string!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Char"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "typeof('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LoadError",
     "evalue": "syntax: character literal contains multiple characters",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "syntax: character literal contains multiple characters",
      "",
      "Stacktrace:",
      " [1] top-level scope",
      "   @ In[6]:1",
      " [2] eval",
      "   @ ./boot.jl:360 [inlined]",
      " [3] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(REPL.softscope), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)",
      "   @ Base ./loading.jl:1116"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'We will get an error here'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## String interpolation\n",
    "\n",
    "We can use the $ sign to insert existing variables into a string and to evaluate expressions within a string. <br>\n",
    "Below is an example that contains some highly sensitive personal information."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"Jane\"\n",
    "num_fingers = 10\n",
    "num_toes = 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, my name is Jane.\n",
      "I have 10 fingers and 10 toes.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "println(\"Hello, my name is $name.\")\n",
    "println(\"I have $num_fingers fingers and $num_toes toes.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "That is 20 digits in all!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    " println(\"That is $(num_fingers + num_toes) digits in all!!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## String concatenation\n",
    "\n",
    "Below are three ways we can concatenate strings! <br><br>\n",
    "The first way is to use the `string()` function. <br>\n",
    "`string()` converts non-string inputs to strings."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s3 = \"How many cats \";\n",
    "s4 = \"is too many cats?\";\n",
    "😺 = 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"How many cats is too many cats?\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string(s3, s4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"I don't know, but 10 is too few.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string(\"I don't know, but \", 😺, \" is too few.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can also use `*` for concatenation!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"How many cats is too many cats?\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s3*s4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercises\n",
    "\n",
    "#### 2.1 \n",
    "Create a string that says \"hi\" 1000 times, first with `repeat` and then with the exponentiation operator, which can call `*` under the hood. Assign it the variable `hi` below."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "2046f6f9c3d290e2d63b4c261629d27d",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-5b38bdb1115161b4",
     "locked": false,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"hihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihi\" ⋯ 1460 bytes ⋯ \"hihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihi\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hi = (\"hi\")^1000"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "hide_input": true,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "8b3cc1d8a062b67271109b980793144e",
     "grade": true,
     "grade_id": "cell-20b1027a968fbb48",
     "locked": true,
     "points": 1,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@assert hi == \"hihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihihi\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 2.2 \n",
    "Declare two variables\n",
    "\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "a = 3\n",
    "b = 4\n",
    "```\n",
    "and use them to create two strings:\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "\"3 + 4\"\n",
    "\"7\" \n",
    "```\n",
    "and store the results in `c` and `d` respectively"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "fad4e601d321aac4b6a1ea9b4e859309",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-36beb524c8ecd33b",
     "locked": false,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"7\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=3\n",
    "b=4\n",
    "c= string(a,\" + \",b)\n",
    "d= string(a+b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "hide_input": true,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "191b413e8c273e1d2c6423d090ce6f0f",
     "grade": true,
     "grade_id": "cell-14c3c5b015a97892",
     "locked": true,
     "points": 1,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@assert c == \"3 + 4\"\n",
    "@assert d == \"7\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"3 + 4\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"7\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Julia 1.9.3",
   "language": "julia",
   "name": "julia-1.9"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "file_extension": ".jl",
   "mimetype": "application/julia",
   "name": "julia",
   "version": "1.9.3"
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 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}