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折腾自己的监控系统：Collectd-InfluxDB-Grafana.html
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<meta name="description" content="企业级的运维监控方案有很多，Zabbix 享负盛名，小米的 Open-Falcon 做得也越来越好。
这次主要分享一套简易的基于几个开源项目的监控方案：Collectd + InfluxDB + Grafana。算不上企业级，但是监控几台服务器还是不在话下。
概念
InfluxDB：基于时间序列的数">
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<h1>用 Collectd InfluxDB Grafana 来监控系统</h1>
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Posted by nepaul on
2016-12-15
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<p><strong>企业级</strong>的运维监控方案有很多，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.zabbix.com/">Zabbix</a> 享负盛名，小米的 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://open-falcon.org/">Open-Falcon</a> 做得也越来越好。</p>
<p>这次主要分享一套简易的基于几个开源项目的监控方案：Collectd + InfluxDB + Grafana。算不上企业级，但是监控几台服务器还是不在话下。</p>
<h2 id="概念"><a href="#概念" class="headerlink" title="概念"></a>概念</h2><ul>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb"><strong>InfluxDB</strong></a>：基于时间序列的数据库，非常适合作为系统 metric 的数据存储。目前版本已经迭代到 V1.1 了。背后的 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.influxdata.com/">influxdata</a> 公司发展势头很好，也有很多<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.influxdata.com/">其他产品</a>。曾经也在 <a href="http://nepaul.github.io/2016/03/24/InfluxDB-%E6%B5%85%E5%B0%9D/">这边文章</a> 里有所介绍。</p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://grafana.org/"><strong>Grafana</strong></a>: 一个已经非常有名的用来作为 metric 分析展现的 Dashboard。可以很方便地同其他开源工具继承，比如说同样有名的 Graphite 和 Elasticsearch 等。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://collectd.org/">Collectd</a></strong>: 用来收集系统和应用性能数据的工具，老牌并且应用广泛。通过各种配置可以收集非常丰富的数据。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>简单来说，Collectd 定期收集机器性能数据并且发送到 InfluxDB 存储下来。Grafana 从 InfluxDB 中取出数据并分析展现。 </p>
<h2 id="机器环境"><a href="#机器环境" class="headerlink" title="机器环境"></a>机器环境</h2><ul>
<li><p>服务端：负责存储数据并展现的服务器</p>
<ul>
<li>系统：Ubuntu-Server-16</li>
<li>需要安装的应用：InfluxDB，Grafana，Collectd</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>客户端：被监控的设备</p>
<ul>
<li><p>系统：CentOS-7</p>
</li>
<li><p>需要安装的应用：Collectd</p>
<p></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="InfluxDB"><a href="#InfluxDB" class="headerlink" title="InfluxDB"></a>InfluxDB</h2><blockquote>
<p>只需安装在服务端，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.1/">官方安装文档</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl -sL https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | sudo apt-key add -</span><br><span class="line">source /etc/lsb-release</span><br><span class="line">echo "deb https://repos.influxdata.com/${DISTRIB_ID,,} ${DISTRIB_CODENAME} stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install influxdb</span><br><span class="line">sudo service influxdb start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h4><p><code>vim /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf</code></p>
<p>取消以下内容的注释，修改 enable 参数为 true：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[[collectd]]</span><br><span class="line"> enabled = true</span><br><span class="line"> bind-address = ":25826"</span><br><span class="line"> database = "collectd"</span><br><span class="line"> retention-policy = ""</span><br><span class="line"> typesdb = "/usr/share/collectd/types.db"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> # These next lines control how batching works. You should have this enabled</span><br><span class="line"> # otherwise you could get dropped metrics or poor performance. Batching</span><br><span class="line"> # will buffer points in memory if you have many coming in.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> # Flush if this many points get buffered</span><br><span class="line"> batch-size = 5000</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> # Number of batches that may be pending in memory</span><br><span class="line"> batch-pending = 10</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> # Flush at least this often even if we haven't hit buffer limit</span><br><span class="line"> batch-timeout = "10s"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> # UDP Read buffer size, 0 means OS default. UDP listener will fail if set above OS max.</span><br><span class="line"> read-buffer = 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="启动"><a href="#启动" class="headerlink" title="启动"></a>启动</h4><p><code>sudo systemctl start influxdb</code></p>
<p>查看状态：<code>sudo systemctl status influxdb</code></p>
<p>通过命令行工具连接：<code>influx</code></p>
<h2 id="Collectd"><a href="#Collectd" class="headerlink" title="Collectd"></a>Collectd</h2><h4 id="安装-1"><a href="#安装-1" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h4><blockquote>
<p>安装在所有需要监控的客户端。</p>
<p><strong>服务端也必须安装！</strong>否则 InfluxDB 配置 Collectd 后，会由于找不到 <code>/usr/share/collectd/types.db</code> 这个文件而无法启动！</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo yum install epel-release</span><br><span class="line">sudo yum install collectd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="配置-1"><a href="#配置-1" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h4><p>取消以下参数的注释，并且修改 server 为你的 server IP</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Hostname "本机的HostName"</span><br><span class="line"><Plugin network></span><br><span class="line"> # client setup:</span><br><span class="line"> Server "server-ip" "25826"</span><br><span class="line"> <Server "server-ip" "25826"></span><br><span class="line"> </Server></span><br><span class="line"></Plugin></span><br><span class="line">LoadPlugin network</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看配置是否有语法问题：<code>collectd -t</code>，配置正确的话没有任何输出信息。</p>
<h4 id="启动-1"><a href="#启动-1" class="headerlink" title="启动"></a>启动</h4><p><code>sudo systemctl start collectd</code></p>
<p>因为之前已经成功配置启动 InfluxDB，所以此时可以 collectd 可以定期收集客户端的性能数据了。默认配置下会收集 CPU，load，memory 等数据。可以在服务端用 influx 的 cli 工具登录查看以下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ influx</span><br><span class="line">Visit https://enterprise.influxdata.com to register for updates, InfluxDB server management, and monitoring.</span><br><span class="line">Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.1.1</span><br><span class="line">InfluxDB shell version: 1.1.1</span><br><span class="line">> show databases</span><br><span class="line">name: databases</span><br><span class="line">name</span><br><span class="line">----</span><br><span class="line">_internal</span><br><span class="line">collectd # 这个就是我们数据存储的 DB</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">> use collectd</span><br><span class="line">Using database collectd</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">> show measurements</span><br><span class="line">name: measurements</span><br><span class="line">name</span><br><span class="line">----</span><br><span class="line">cpu_value</span><br><span class="line">interface_rx</span><br><span class="line">interface_tx</span><br><span class="line">load_longterm</span><br><span class="line">load_midterm</span><br><span class="line">load_shortterm</span><br><span class="line">memory_value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Grafana"><a href="#Grafana" class="headerlink" title="Grafana"></a>Grafana</h2><blockquote>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://docs.grafana.org/">官方文档</a></p>
<p>只需要安装在 服务端。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="安装-2"><a href="#安装-2" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h4><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ wget https://grafanarel.s3.amazonaws.com/builds/grafana_4.0.2-1481203731_amd64.deb</span><br><span class="line">$ sudo apt-get install -y adduser libfontconfig</span><br><span class="line">$ sudo dpkg -i grafana_4.0.2-1481203731_amd64.deb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="启动-2"><a href="#启动-2" class="headerlink" title="启动"></a>启动</h4><p><code>sudo systemctl start grafana-server</code></p>
<p>浏览器打开：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://server-ip:3000/">http://server-ip:3000</a></p>
<h4 id="配置-2"><a href="#配置-2" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h4><p>直接在浏览器通过界面配置，登录的用户名和密码都是 admin</p>
<p>界面操作很简单，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://docs.grafana.org/datasources/influxdb/">详见这里</a>。</p>
<h4 id="一张最终的数据图"><a href="#一张最终的数据图" class="headerlink" title="一张最终的数据图"></a>一张最终的数据图</h4><p><img src="http://7xja18.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/grafana-load.png" alt="load"></p>
<h2 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.influxdata.com/time-series-platform/telegraf/">Telegraf</a>：Influxdata 出品的另一个开源的 时间序列数据收集工具。有很多的数据输入和输出插件，具体可以查看那<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.influxdata.com/telegraf/v1.1/">官方文档</a>。非常灵活，未来可以在自己的程序中应用会更有趣。</p>
<h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.influxdata.com/getting-started-with-sending-statsd-metrics-to-telegraf-influxdb/">Getting Started with Sending StatsD Metrics to Telegraf & InfluxDB</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.netinstructions.com/how-to-monitor-your-linux-machine/">How to monitor your Linux machine</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://jansipke.nl/monitoring-hosts-with-collectd-influxdb-and-grafana/">monitoring-hosts-with-collectd-influxdb-and-grafana</a></li>
</ul>
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