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Fault Injector for Hardware Injection

This project is compact version of llfi. (https://github.com/DependableSystemsLab/LLFI)

LLFI is too old to work with the latest version of LLVM. So we have created a simple Fault Injection Tool that can run on the latest version of LLVM.

Dependency

LLVM 7.0.0 (or Later)

Build

All you need is an appropriately built 'opt' to use our tools.

Copy 'FaultInjector.cpp' to 'llvm/tools/opt'.
Insert 'FaultInjector.cpp' in 'llvm/tools/opt/CMakeLists.txt:add_llvm_tool.
Make directory 'llvm/build'
Move 'llvm/build'
Build your opt using cmake.

You can also use loadable library.
Ref: https://llvm.org/docs/WritingAnLLVMPass.html#quick-start-writing-hello-world

Test

Make test folder under 'llvm/build'.
Copy 'rtl-core.c' to 'llvm/build/test'.
Write your own test file (or our a.c).
Then run this command lines.

--------

clang -S -emit-llvm a.c
./../opt -faultinject a.ll -S -o b.ll
llc -filetype=obj b.ll -o b.obj

clang -S -emit-llvm rtl-core.c
llc -filetype=obj rtl-core.ll -o rtl-core.obj

clang rtl-core.obj b.obj

Example a.c profile

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int a = 0, b = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
    b += i;
  }

  printf("%d", b);
}

If you use a command line such as ./a 1 1 1 1 1, you will get the following outputs.

15

15 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

[Fault Injector] RTL-Core Init!
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=0000000A
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000005
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000005
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=0000000A
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000005
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=0000000F
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000005
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=08, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=0000000F
[Fault Injector] RTL-Core Finish!
[Fault Injector] determine=54

Follow index 05th.

[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=0000000A
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=0000000F

Example a.c Fault Inject

setting file.

run_fault_injection 1
count_of_determine 54

result file.

[Fault Injector] RTL-Core Init!
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000000
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000001
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000002
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=04, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=03, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=05, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=06, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000003
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=07, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=    add, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] inject_before: f_index=04, index=02, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   icmp, size=01, value=1
[Fault Injector]  inject_after: f_index=04, index=02, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   icmp, size=01, value=0
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=01, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=00, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000004
[Fault Injector] trace: f_index=04, index=08, reg_num=-1, dependency=-1, opcode=   load, size=32, value=00000006
[Fault Injector] RTL-Core Finish!
[Fault Injector] determine=38

When i (reg_num=07) was 4 , the control flow changed, and loop escaped.

6

insertDetermineLogicForRawFaultInjection

Before injection

define dso_local i32 @main(i32, i8** nocapture readnone) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
  %3 = icmp sgt i32 %0, 0
  br i1 %3, label %7, label %4

; <label>:4:                                      ; preds = %7, %2
  %5 = phi i32 [ 0, %2 ], [ %10, %7 ]
  %6 = tail call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @"??_C@_02DPKJAMEF@?$CFd?$AA@", i64 0, i64 0), i32 %5)
  ret i32 0

; <label>:7:                                      ; preds = %2, %7
  %8 = phi i32 [ %11, %7 ], [ 0, %2 ]
  %9 = phi i32 [ %10, %7 ], [ 0, %2 ]
  tail call void @__marking_faultinject_int(i32 %9) #3
  %10 = add nuw nsw i32 %8, %9
  %11 = add nuw nsw i32 %8, 1
  %12 = icmp eq i32 %11, %0
  br i1 %12, label %4, label %7
}

After injection

define dso_local i32 @main(i32, i8** nocapture readnone) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
  %xor_marker = alloca i32
  store i32 4, i32* %xor_marker
  %3 = icmp sgt i32 %0, 0
  br i1 %3, label %7, label %4

; <label>:4:                                      ; preds = %7, %2
  %5 = phi i32 [ 0, %2 ], [ %10, %7 ]
  %6 = tail call i32 (i8*, ...) @printf(i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @"??_C@_02DPKJAMEF@?$CFd?$AA@", i64 0, i64 0), i32 %5)
  ret i32 0

; <label>:7:                                      ; preds = %7, %2
  %8 = phi i32 [ %11, %7 ], [ 0, %2 ]
  %9 = phi i32 [ %10, %7 ], [ 0, %2 ]
  tail call void @__marking_faultinject_int(i32 %9) #3
  %xor_val = load i32, i32* %xor_marker
  %rfi = xor i32 %9, %xor_val
  store i32 0, i32* %xor_marker
  %10 = add nuw nsw i32 %8, %rfi
  %11 = add nuw nsw i32 %8, 1
  %12 = icmp eq i32 %11, %0
  br i1 %12, label %4, label %7
}

How to work?

0. Why are Pass and RTL separated?

It is very inefficient to provide a customized program based on user needs, so we provide RTL for profiling directly from the program.

1. LLVM Fault Injection Pass

The role of LLVM Fault Injection Pass is to find instructions or register to inject Fault and to link with runtime library core. Since the actual linking is done in the linker, the major role is to create the appropriate object file.

1.1. Inject fault-injection code

1.1.1. Select instructions and registers
1.1.2. Register bypassing and inject 'inject_fault#num' function
1.1.3. Insert 'fault_inject_trace' function

1.2. Insert meta functions

1.2.1. Insert 'fault_inject_init' function
1.2.2. Insert 'fault_inject_finish' function
1.2.3. Insert 'inject_fault#num' function

2. Runtime Library Core

The runtime library contains the core code that performs the actual injection operation and the log function that records various changes.

Run Options (RTL Options)

Select instruction

Select register

Select function

Select variable (require dependency-check pass)

About dependency-check pass, go to https://github.com/rollrat/runnable-llvm.

Select basic block

Control fault probability

Set zero probability for profile

Set drawing lots probability

Set an unconditional single injection per running

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Fault Injector for LLVM based on LLFI project.

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llvm fault-injection llvm-pass fault-detection soft-error

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