Add custom pickling to ItemList for compactness

lenskit/lenskit/data/items.py

@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ class ItemList:
     An item list logically a list of rows, each of which is an item, like a
     :class:`~pandas.DataFrame` but supporting multiple array backends.
 
+    When an item list is pickled, it is pickled compactly but only for CPUs: the
+    vocabulary is dropped (after ensuring both IDs and numbers are computed),
+    and all arrays are pickled as NumPy arrays.  This makes item lists compact
+    to serialize and transmit, but does mean that that serializing an item list
+    whose scores are still on the GPU will deserialize on the CPU in the
+    receiving process.  This is usually not a problem, because item lists are
+    typically used for small lists of items, not large data structures that need
+    to remain in shared memory.
+
     .. note::
 
         Naming for fields and accessor methods is tricky, because the usual
@@ -323,3 +332,27 @@ def to_df(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
 
     def __len__(self):
         return self._len
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, object]:
+        state: dict[str, object] = {"ordered": self.ordered, "len": self._len}
+        if self._ids is not None:
+            state["ids"] = self._ids
+        elif self._vocab is not None:
+            # compute the IDs so we can save them
+            state["ids"] = self.ids()
+
+        if self._numbers is not None:
+            state["numbers"] = self._numbers.numpy()
+        elif self._vocab is not None:
+            state["numbers"] = self.numbers()
+
+        state.update(("field_" + k, v.numpy()) for (k, v) in self._fields.items())
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, Any]):
+        self.ordered = state["ordered"]
+        self._len = state["len"]
+        self._ids = state.get("ids", None)
+        if "numbers" in state:
+            self._numbers = MTArray(state["numbers"])
+        self._fields = {k[6:]: MTArray(v) for (k, v) in state.items() if k.startswith("field_")}

lenskit/tests/test_itemlist.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2023-2024 Drexel University
 # Licensed under the MIT license, see LICENSE.md for details.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+import pickle
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -199,3 +200,34 @@ def test_pandas_df_ordered():
     assert np.all(df["item_num"] == np.arange(5))
     assert np.all(df["score"] == data)
     assert np.all(df["rank"] == np.arange(1, 6))
+
+
+def test_item_list_pickle_compact(ml_ds):
+    nums = [1, 0, 308, 24, 72]
+    il = ItemList(item_nums=nums, vocabulary=ml_ds.items)
+    assert len(il) == 5
+    assert np.all(il.ids() == ml_ds.items.ids(nums))
+
+    # check that pickling isn't very big (we don't pickle the vocabulary)
+    data = pickle.dumps(il)
+    print(len(data))
+    assert len(data) <= 500
+
+    il2 = pickle.loads(data)
+    assert len(il2) == len(il)
+    assert np.all(il2.ids() == il.ids())
+    assert np.all(il2.numbers() == il.numbers())
+
+
+def test_item_list_pickle_fields(ml_ds):
+    row = ml_ds.user_row(user_num=400)
+    data = pickle.dumps(row)
+    r2 = pickle.loads(data)
+
+    assert len(r2) == len(row)
+    assert np.all(r2.ids() == row.ids())
+    assert np.all(r2.numbers() == row.numbers())
+    assert r2.field("rating") is not None
+    assert np.all(r2.field("rating") == row.field("rating"))
+    assert r2.field("timestamp") is not None
+    assert np.all(r2.field("timestamp") == row.field("timestamp"))