- Giriş
- Komutlarin Yazılması
- Defining Input Expectations
- Command I/O
- Registering Commands
- Programatically Executing Commands
Artisan, Laravel'in dahili komut satırı arayüzüdür. Artisan size uygulamanızı geliştirirken birçok yardımcı komut sağlar. Artisan ile kullanıbilen komutların listesini görebilmek için, list komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:
php artisan list
Her komut bir "help" ekranı içerir, komut hakkındaki argümanları ve ayarları gösterir. Yardım ekranını görebilmek için, basitçe komut adından önce help komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:
php artisan help migrate
Artisan ile verilen komutlara ek olarak, kendinize özel komutlarda inşa edebilirsiniz. Komutlar normalde app/Console/Commands dosyası altına kaydedilir; kendinize ait dosya yolu belirtebilir ve bunu Composer ile yükleyebilirsiniz.
Yeni bir komut oluşturmak için, make:command Artisan komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. Bu komut app/Console/Commands dosyası altında yeni bir komut sınıfı oluşturmak ister. Merak etmeyin, eğer bu klasör uygulamanızda yoksa, komut, klasörü ilk kullanımızda oluşturulacaktır. Oluşturulan komut varsayılan olarak belirlenen özellikler ve metodlarlı içerecektir:
php artisan make:command SendEmails
Komut oluşturulmasından sonra, oluşturlan komut sınıfının signature ve description özellikleri doldurulmalıdır, list komutu kullanılmak istenilirse bu özellikler görüntülenecek. handle metodu komut cağırıldığında kullanılan metoddur. Bu metod'da komutun mantığını oluşturabilirsiniz.
{tavsiye} Sağlam bir tekrar kod kullanımı için, iyi uygulama ilkesi için konsol komutlarınızı açık and let them defer to application services to accomplish their tasks. Aşağıdaki örnekte, unutmayın E-mail gönderime "heavy lifting" için, biz bir servis sınıfı ekledik.
Bunu bir örnekle göz atalım. Komut yapıcı metodunda gerekli olan bağımlılıkları enjekte etmenin mümkün olduğunu unutmayın. Laravel service container, otomatik olarak tüm bağımlılıkları enjekte edecektir.:
<?php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use App\User;
use App\DripEmailer;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
class SendEmails extends Command
{
/**
* Konsol komutuna ait isim ve imza
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'email:send {user}';
/**
* Konsol komutuna ait açıklama
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Send drip e-mails to a user';
/**
* drip e-mail servisi.
*
* @var DripEmailer
*/
protected $drip;
/**
* Yeni komut nesnesi oluştur
*
* @param DripEmailer $drip
* @return void
*/
public function __construct(DripEmailer $drip)
{
parent::__construct();
$this->drip = $drip;
}
/**
* Konsol komutunu calıştır
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$this->drip->send(User::find($this->argument('user')));
}
}
Closure based commands provide an alternative to defining console commands as classes. In the same way that route Closures are an alternative to controllers, think of command Closures as an alternative to command classes. Within the commands method of your app/Console/Kernel.php file, Laravel loads the routes/console.php file:
/**
* Register the Closure based commands for the application.
*
* @return void
*/
protected function commands()
{
require base_path('routes/console.php');
}
Even though this file does not define HTTP routes, it defines console based entry points (routes) into your application. Within this file, you may define all of your Closure based routes using the Artisan::command method. The command method accepts two arguments: the command signature and a Closure which receives the commands arguments and options:
Artisan::command('build {project}', function ($project) {
$this->info("Building {$project}!");
});
The Closure is bound to the underlying command instance, so you have full access to all of the helper methods you would typically be able to access on a full command class.
In addition to receiving your command's arguments and options, command Closures may also type-hint additional dependencies that you would like resolved out of the service container:
use App\User;
use App\DripEmailer;
Artisan::command('email:send {user}', function (DripEmailer $drip, $user) {
$drip->send(User::find($user));
});
When defining a Closure based command, you may use the describe method to add a description to the command. This description will be displayed when you run the php artisan list or php artisan help commands:
Artisan::command('build {project}', function ($project) {
$this->info("Building {$project}!");
})->describe('Build the project');
When writing console commands, it is common to gather input from the user through arguments or options. Laravel makes it very convenient to define the input you expect from the user using the signature property on your commands. The signature property allows you to define the name, arguments, and options for the command in a single, expressive, route-like syntax.
All user supplied arguments and options are wrapped in curly braces. In the following example, the command defines one required argument: user:
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'email:send {user}';
You may also make arguments optional and define default values for arguments:
// Optional argument...
email:send {user?}
// Optional argument with default value...
email:send {user=foo}
Options, like arguments, are another form of user input. Options are prefixed by two hyphens (--) when they are specified on the command line. There are two types of options: those that receive a value and those that don't. Options that don't receive a value serve as a boolean "switch". Let's take a look at an example of this type of option:
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'email:send {user} {--queue}';
In this example, the --queue switch may be specified when calling the Artisan command. If the --queue switch is passed, the value of the option will be true. Otherwise, the value will be false:
php artisan email:send 1 --queue
Next, let's take a look at an option that expects a value. If the user must specify a value for an option, suffix the option name with a = sign:
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'email:send {user} {--queue=}';
In this example, the user may pass a value for the option like so:
php artisan email:send 1 --queue=default
You may assign default values to options by specifying the default value after the option name. If no option value is passed by the user, the default value will be used:
email:send {user} {--queue=default}
To assign a shortcut when defining an option, you may specify it before the option name and use a | delimiter to separate the shortcut from the full option name:
email:send {user} {--Q|queue}
If you would like to define arguments or options to expect array inputs, you may use the * character. First, let's take a look at an example that specifies an array argument:
email:send {user*}
When calling this method, the user arguments may be passed in order to the command line. For example, the following command will set the value of user to ['foo', 'bar']:
php artisan email:send foo bar
When defining an option that expects an array input, each option value passed to the command should be prefixed with the option name:
email:send {user} {--id=*}
php artisan email:send --id=1 --id=2
You may assign descriptions to input arguments and options by separating the parameter from the description using a colon. If you need a little extra room to define your command, feel free to spread the definition across multiple lines:
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'email:send
{user : The ID of the user}
{--queue= : Whether the job should be queued}';
While your command is executing, you will obviously need to access the values for the arguments and options accepted by your command. To do so, you may use the argument and option methods:
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$userId = $this->argument('user');
//
}
If you need to retrieve all of the arguments as an array, call the arguments method:
$arguments = $this->arguments();
Options may be retrieved just as easily as arguments using the option method. To retrieve all of the options as an array, call the options method:
// Retrieve a specific option...
$queueName = $this->option('queue');
// Retrieve all options...
$options = $this->options();
If the argument or option does not exist, null will be returned.
In addition to displaying output, you may also ask the user to provide input during the execution of your command. The ask method will prompt the user with the given question, accept their input, and then return the user's input back to your command:
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$name = $this->ask('What is your name?');
}
The secret method is similar to ask, but the user's input will not be visible to them as they type in the console. This method is useful when asking for sensitive information such as a password:
$password = $this->secret('What is the password?');
If you need to ask the user for a simple confirmation, you may use the confirm method. By default, this method will return false. However, if the user enters y in response to the prompt, the method will return true.
if ($this->confirm('Do you wish to continue? [y|N]')) {
//
}
The anticipate method can be used to provide auto-completion for possible choices. The user can still choose any answer, regardless of the auto-completion hints:
$name = $this->anticipate('What is your name?', ['Taylor', 'Dayle']);
If you need to give the user a predefined set of choices, you may use the choice method. You may set the default value to be returned if no option is chosen:
$name = $this->choice('What is your name?', ['Taylor', 'Dayle'], $default);
To send output to the console, use the line, info, comment, question and error methods. Each of these methods will use appropriate ANSI colors for their purpose. For example, let's display some general information to the user. Typically, the info method will display in the console as green text:
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$this->info('Display this on the screen');
}
To display an error message, use the error method. Error message text is typically displayed in red:
$this->error('Something went wrong!');
If you would like to display plain, uncolored console output, use the line method:
$this->line('Display this on the screen');
The table method makes it easy to correctly format multiple rows / columns of data. Just pass in the headers and rows to the method. The width and height will be dynamically calculated based on the given data:
$headers = ['Name', 'Email'];
$users = App\User::all(['name', 'email'])->toArray();
$this->table($headers, $users);
For long running tasks, it could be helpful to show a progress indicator. Using the output object, we can start, advance and stop the Progress Bar. First, define the total number of steps the process will iterate through. Then, advance the Progress Bar after processing each item:
$users = App\User::all();
$bar = $this->output->createProgressBar(count($users));
foreach ($users as $user) {
$this->performTask($user);
$bar->advance();
}
$bar->finish();
For more advanced options, check out the Symfony Progress Bar component documentation.
Once your command is finished, you need to register it with Artisan. All commands are registered in the app/Console/Kernel.php file. Within this file, you will find a list of commands in the commands property. To register your command, simply add the command's class name to the list. When Artisan boots, all the commands listed in this property will be resolved by the service container and registered with Artisan:
protected $commands = [
Commands\SendEmails::class
];
Sometimes you may wish to execute an Artisan command outside of the CLI. For example, you may wish to fire an Artisan command from a route or controller. You may use the call method on the Artisan facade to accomplish this. The call method accepts the name of the command as the first argument, and an array of command parameters as the second argument. The exit code will be returned:
Route::get('/foo', function () {
$exitCode = Artisan::call('email:send', [
'user' => 1, '--queue' => 'default'
]);
//
});
Using the queue method on the Artisan facade, you may even queue Artisan commands so they are processed in the background by your queue workers. Before using this method, make sure you have configured your queue and are running a queue listener:
Route::get('/foo', function () {
Artisan::queue('email:send', [
'user' => 1, '--queue' => 'default'
]);
//
});
If you need to specify the value of an option that does not accept string values, such as the --force flag on the migrate:refresh command, you may pass true or false:
$exitCode = Artisan::call('migrate:refresh', [
'--force' => true,
]);
Sometimes you may wish to call other commands from an existing Artisan command. You may do so using the call method. This call method accepts the command name and an array of command parameters:
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
$this->call('email:send', [
'user' => 1, '--queue' => 'default'
]);
//
}
If you would like to call another console command and suppress all of its output, you may use the callSilent method. The callSilent method has the same signature as the call method:
$this->callSilent('email:send', [
'user' => 1, '--queue' => 'default'
]);