Basic structure hints:
- "The execution frame (IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME)" is the method's local variable holder structure. It's required for IL2C because the garbage collector has to track the reference types (objref / 'O' type), it uses for the tether by these frame structure links.
- "IL2C_CONST_STRING" is the literal string declarator. The statically-defined strings don't (can't) change it from one to entire characters. IL2C places the strings into ".rdata" section on the native binary. It's helpful for the very tiny systems.
C# code:
public static class HelloWorld
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello world with IL2C!");
}
}Results:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// [9-1] Const strings:
IL2C_CONST_STRING(string0__, L"Hello world with IL2C!");
///////////////////////////////////////
// [3] HelloWorld.Main()
//-------------------
// [3-2] Function body:
void HelloWorld_Main()
{
//-------------------
// [3-5] Setup execution frame:
struct /* IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME */
{
IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME* pNext__;
uint16_t objRefCount__;
uint16_t valueCount__;
System_String* stack0_0__;
} frame__ = { NULL, 1, 0 };
il2c_link_execution_frame(&frame__);
//-------------------
// [3-6] IL body:
/* IL_0000: nop */
/* IL_0001: ldstr "Hello world with IL2C!" */
frame__.stack0_0__ = string0__;
/* IL_0006: call System.Console.WriteLine */
System_Console_WriteLine_10(frame__.stack0_0__);
/* IL_000b: nop */
/* IL_000c: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return;
}From unit test for System.String (IL):
.class public IL2C.BasicTypes.System_String
{
.method public static bool IsValueType() cil managed
{
.maxstack 2
ldstr "ABC"
isinst [mscorlib]System.ValueType
brnull.s F1
ldc.i4.1
ret
F1:
ldc.i4.0
ret
}
}Results:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// [9-1] Const strings:
IL2C_CONST_STRING(string0__, L"ABC");
///////////////////////////////////////
// [3] IL2C.BasicTypes.System_String.IsValueType()
//-------------------
// [3-2] Function body:
bool IL2C_BasicTypes_System_String_IsValueType()
{
//-------------------
// [3-4] Evaluation stacks (!objref):
int32_t stack0_2__;
//-------------------
// [3-5] Setup execution frame:
struct /* IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME */
{
IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME* pNext__;
uint16_t objRefCount__;
uint16_t valueCount__;
System_String* stack0_0__;
System_ValueType* stack0_1__;
} frame__ = { NULL, 2, 0 };
il2c_link_execution_frame(&frame__);
//-------------------
// [3-6] IL body:
/* IL_0000: ldstr "ABC" */
frame__.stack0_0__ = string0__;
/* IL_0005: isinst System.ValueType */
frame__.stack0_1__ = il2c_isinst(frame__.stack0_0__, System_ValueType);
/* IL_000a: brfalse.s IL_000e */
if (frame__.stack0_1__ == NULL) goto IL_000e;
/* IL_000c: ldc.i4.1 */
stack0_2__ = 1;
/* IL_000d: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return (stack0_2__) ? true : false;
IL_000e:
/* IL_000e: ldc.i4.0 */
stack0_2__ = 0;
/* IL_000f: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return (stack0_2__) ? true : false;
}From unit test for ArrayTypes (C#):
public static int FromInt32Resource(int index)
{
// This expression invokes to System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers::InitializeArray().
var arr = new int[] { 1111111, -2222222, 3333333 };
return arr[index];
}Results:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// [12-1] Declared values:
// .<PrivateImplementationDetails>.A2DA5F440229B0AE98EE7F86844A4AB5B0936C8E
static const int32_t declaredValue0__[] =
{ 1111111, -2222222, 3333333 };
///////////////////////////////////////
// [3] IL2C.RuntimeSystems.ArrayTypes.FromInt32Resource(System.Int32 index)
//-------------------
// [3-2] Function body:
int32_t IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ArrayTypes_FromInt32Resource(int32_t index)
{
//-------------------
// [3-3] Local variables (!objref):
int32_t local1__;
//-------------------
// [3-4] Evaluation stacks (!objref):
int32_t stack0_0__;
int32_t stack1_1__;
System_RuntimeFieldHandle stack2_0__;
//-------------------
// [3-5] Setup execution frame:
struct /* IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME */
{
IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME* pNext__;
uint16_t objRefCount__;
uint16_t valueCount__;
il2c_arraytype(System_Int32)* local0__;
il2c_arraytype(System_Int32)* stack0_1__;
il2c_arraytype(System_Int32)* stack1_0__;
} frame__ = { NULL, 3, 0 };
il2c_link_execution_frame(&frame__);
//-------------------
// [3-6] IL body:
/* IL_0000: nop */
/* IL_0001: ldc.i4.3 */
stack0_0__ = 3;
/* IL_0002: newarr System.Int32 */
frame__.stack0_1__ = il2c_new_array(System_Int32, stack0_0__);
/* IL_0007: dup */
frame__.stack1_0__ = frame__.stack0_1__;
/* IL_0008: ldtoken .<PrivateImplementationDetails>.A2DA5F440229B0AE98EE7F86844A4AB5B0936C8E */
stack2_0__.size__ = sizeof(declaredValue0__);
stack2_0__.field__ = declaredValue0__;
/* IL_000d: call System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.InitializeArray */
System_Runtime_CompilerServices_RuntimeHelpers_InitializeArray((System_Array*)frame__.stack1_0__, stack2_0__);
/* IL_0012: stloc.0 */
frame__.local0__ = frame__.stack0_1__;
/* IL_0013: ldloc.0 */
frame__.stack0_1__ = frame__.local0__;
/* IL_0014: ldarg.0 */
stack1_1__ = index;
/* IL_0015: ldelem.i4 */
stack0_0__ = il2c_array_item(frame__.stack0_1__, int32_t, stack1_1__);
/* IL_0016: stloc.1 */
local1__ = stack0_0__;
/* IL_0017: br.s IL_0019 */
goto IL_0019;
IL_0019:
/* IL_0019: ldloc.1 */
stack0_0__ = local1__;
/* IL_001a: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return stack0_0__;
}From unit test for NullReferenceExceptions (C#):
public static bool NullReference(object v)
{
try
{
var r = v.ToString();
}
catch (NullReferenceException ex)
{
return ex.Message == "Object reference not set to an instance of an object.";
}
return false;
}Results:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// [9-1] Const strings:
IL2C_CONST_STRING(string0__, L"Object reference not set to an instance of an object.");
///////////////////////////////////////
// [3] IL2C.RuntimeSystems.NullReferenceExceptions.NullReference(System.Object v)
//-------------------
// [3-1] Exception filters:
static int16_t __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_NullReferenceExceptions_NullReference_ExceptionFilter0__(System_Exception* ex)
{
il2c_assert(ex != NULL);
if (il2c_isinst_unsafe(ex, System_NullReferenceException)) return 1;
return IL2C_FILTER_NOMATCH; // Not matched
}
//-------------------
// [3-2] Function body:
bool IL2C_RuntimeSystems_NullReferenceExceptions_NullReference(System_Object* v)
{
//-------------------
// [3-3] Local variables (not objref):
volatile bool local2__;
//-------------------
// [3-4] Evaluation stacks (not objref):
bool stack0_3__;
int32_t stack0_4__;
//-------------------
// [3-5] Setup execution frame:
struct /* IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME */
{
IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME* pNext__;
uint16_t objRefCount__;
uint16_t valueCount__;
System_String* local0__;
System_NullReferenceException* local1__;
System_NullReferenceException* stack0_0__;
System_Object* stack0_1__;
System_String* stack0_2__;
System_String* stack1_0__;
} frame__ = { NULL, 6, 0 };
il2c_link_execution_frame(&frame__);
//-------------------
// [3-6] IL body:
/* IL_0000: nop */
il2c_try(nest0, __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_NullReferenceExceptions_NullReference_ExceptionFilter0__)
{
/* IL_0001: nop */
/* IL_0002: ldarg.0 */
frame__.stack0_1__ = v;
/* IL_0003: callvirt System.Object.ToString */
frame__.stack0_2__ = frame__.stack0_1__->vptr0__->ToString((untyped_ptr)frame__.stack0_1__);
/* IL_0008: stloc.0 */
frame__.local0__ = frame__.stack0_2__;
/* IL_0009: nop */
/* IL_000a: leave.s IL_0021 */
il2c_leave(nest0, 0);
}
il2c_catch(nest0, 1, frame__.stack0_0__) // catch (System_NullReferenceException)
{
/* IL_000c: stloc.1 */
frame__.local1__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_000d: nop */
/* IL_000e: ldloc.1 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local1__;
/* IL_000f: callvirt System.Exception.get_Message */
frame__.stack0_2__ = frame__.stack0_0__->vptr0__->get_Message((untyped_ptr)frame__.stack0_0__);
/* IL_0014: ldstr "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." */
frame__.stack1_0__ = string0__;
/* IL_0019: call System.String.op_Equality */
stack0_3__ = System_String_op_Equality(frame__.stack0_2__, frame__.stack1_0__);
/* IL_001e: stloc.2 */
local2__ = stack0_3__;
/* IL_001f: leave.s IL_0025 */
il2c_leave(nest0, 1);
}
il2c_leave_to(nest0)
{
il2c_leave_bind(nest0, 0, IL_0021);
il2c_leave_bind(nest0, 1, IL_0025);
}
il2c_end_try(nest0);
IL_0021:
/* IL_0021: ldc.i4.0 */
stack0_4__ = 0;
/* IL_0022: stloc.2 */
local2__ = (stack0_4__) ? true : false;
/* IL_0023: br.s IL_0025 */
goto IL_0025;
IL_0025:
/* IL_0025: ldloc.2 */
stack0_3__ = local2__;
/* IL_0026: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return stack0_3__;
}From unit test for ExceptionHandling (C#):
public static bool RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal()
{
var ex1 = new Exception();
var ex2 = new Exception();
Exception exi1_ = null;
Exception exi2_ = null;
try
{
throw ex1;
}
catch (Exception exo)
{
try
{
try
{
throw ex2;
}
catch (Exception exi2)
{
exi2_ = exi2;
}
// rethrow ex1
throw;
}
catch (Exception exi1)
{
// ex1
exi1_ = exi1;
}
return object.ReferenceEquals(ex1, exo) &&
object.ReferenceEquals(ex1, exi1_) && // ex1
object.ReferenceEquals(ex2, exi2_);
}
}Results:
///////////////////////////////////////
// [3] IL2C.RuntimeSystems.ExceptionHandling.RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal()
//-------------------
// [3-1] Exception filters:
static int16_t __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter0__(System_Exception* ex)
{
il2c_assert(ex != NULL);
if (il2c_isinst_unsafe(ex, System_Exception)) return 1;
return IL2C_FILTER_NOMATCH; // Not matched
}
static int16_t __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter1__(System_Exception* ex)
{
il2c_assert(ex != NULL);
if (il2c_isinst_unsafe(ex, System_Exception)) return 1;
return IL2C_FILTER_NOMATCH; // Not matched
}
static int16_t __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter2__(System_Exception* ex)
{
il2c_assert(ex != NULL);
if (il2c_isinst_unsafe(ex, System_Exception)) return 1;
return IL2C_FILTER_NOMATCH; // Not matched
}
//-------------------
// [3-2] Function body:
bool IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal()
{
//-------------------
// [3-3] Local variables (not objref):
volatile bool local7__;
//-------------------
// [3-4] Evaluation stacks (not objref):
untyped_ptr stack0_1__;
int32_t stack0_2__;
bool stack0_3__;
//-------------------
// [3-5] Setup execution frame:
struct /* IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME */
{
IL2C_EXECUTION_FRAME* pNext__;
uint16_t objRefCount__;
uint16_t valueCount__;
System_Exception* local0__;
System_Exception* local1__;
System_Exception* local2__;
System_Exception* local3__;
System_Exception* local4__;
System_Exception* local5__;
System_Exception* local6__;
System_Exception* stack0_0__;
System_Exception* stack1_0__;
} frame__ = { NULL, 9, 0 };
il2c_link_execution_frame(&frame__);
//-------------------
// [3-6] IL body:
/* IL_0000: nop */
/* IL_0001: newobj System.Exception..ctor */
frame__.stack0_0__ = il2c_get_uninitialized_object(System_Exception);
System_Exception__ctor(frame__.stack0_0__);
/* IL_0006: stloc.0 */
frame__.local0__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_0007: newobj System.Exception..ctor */
frame__.stack0_0__ = il2c_get_uninitialized_object(System_Exception);
System_Exception__ctor(frame__.stack0_0__);
/* IL_000c: stloc.1 */
frame__.local1__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_000d: ldnull */
stack0_1__ = NULL;
/* IL_000e: stloc.2 */
frame__.local2__ = (System_Exception*)stack0_1__;
/* IL_000f: ldnull */
stack0_1__ = NULL;
/* IL_0010: stloc.3 */
frame__.local3__ = (System_Exception*)stack0_1__;
il2c_try(nest0, __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter0__)
{
/* IL_0011: nop */
/* IL_0012: ldloc.0 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local0__;
/* IL_0013: throw */
il2c_throw(frame__.stack0_0__);
}
il2c_catch(nest0, 1, frame__.stack0_0__) // catch (System_Exception)
{
/* IL_0014: stloc.s local4__ */
frame__.local4__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_0016: nop */
il2c_try(nest1, __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter1__)
{
/* IL_0017: nop */
il2c_try(nest2, __IL2C_RuntimeSystems_ExceptionHandling_RaiseCaughtAndRethrowOutsideLocal_ExceptionFilter2__)
{
/* IL_0018: nop */
/* IL_0019: ldloc.1 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local1__;
/* IL_001a: throw */
il2c_throw(frame__.stack0_0__);
}
il2c_catch(nest2, 1, frame__.stack0_0__) // catch (System_Exception)
{
/* IL_001b: stloc.s local5__ */
frame__.local5__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_001d: nop */
/* IL_001e: ldloc.s local5__ */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local5__;
/* IL_0020: stloc.3 */
frame__.local3__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_0021: nop */
/* IL_0022: leave.s IL_0024 */
il2c_leave(nest2, 1);
}
il2c_leave_to(nest2)
{
il2c_leave_bind(nest2, 1, IL_0024);
}
il2c_end_try(nest2);
IL_0024:
/* IL_0024: rethrow */
il2c_rethrow();
}
il2c_catch(nest1, 1, frame__.stack0_0__) // catch (System_Exception)
{
/* IL_0026: stloc.s local6__ */
frame__.local6__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_0028: nop */
/* IL_0029: ldloc.s local6__ */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local6__;
/* IL_002b: stloc.2 */
frame__.local2__ = frame__.stack0_0__;
/* IL_002c: nop */
/* IL_002d: leave.s IL_002f */
il2c_leave(nest1, 0);
}
il2c_leave_to(nest1)
{
il2c_leave_bind(nest1, 0, IL_002f);
il2c_leave_bind(nest1, 1, IL_0024);
}
il2c_end_try(nest1);
IL_002f:
/* IL_002f: ldloc.0 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local0__;
/* IL_0030: ldloc.s local4__ */
frame__.stack1_0__ = frame__.local4__;
/* IL_0032: bne.un.s IL_003e */
if (frame__.stack0_0__ != frame__.stack1_0__) goto IL_003e;
/* IL_0034: ldloc.0 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local0__;
/* IL_0035: ldloc.2 */
frame__.stack1_0__ = frame__.local2__;
/* IL_0036: bne.un.s IL_003e */
if (frame__.stack0_0__ != frame__.stack1_0__) goto IL_003e;
/* IL_0038: ldloc.1 */
frame__.stack0_0__ = frame__.local1__;
/* IL_0039: ldloc.3 */
frame__.stack1_0__ = frame__.local3__;
/* IL_003a: ceq */
stack0_2__ = ((intptr_t)frame__.stack0_0__ == (intptr_t)frame__.stack1_0__) ? 1 : 0;
/* IL_003c: br.s IL_003f */
goto IL_003f;
IL_003e:
/* IL_003e: ldc.i4.0 */
stack0_2__ = 0;
IL_003f:
/* IL_003f: stloc.s local7__ */
local7__ = (stack0_2__) ? true : false;
/* IL_0041: leave.s IL_0043 */
il2c_leave(nest0, 2);
}
il2c_leave_to(nest0)
{
il2c_leave_bind(nest0, 0, IL_002f);
il2c_leave_bind(nest0, 1, IL_0024);
il2c_leave_bind(nest0, 2, IL_0043);
}
il2c_end_try(nest0);
IL_0043:
/* IL_0043: ldloc.s local7__ */
stack0_3__ = local7__;
/* IL_0045: ret */
il2c_unlink_execution_frame(&frame__);
return stack0_3__;
}