sources.bib

@article{bardeenTheorySuperconductivity1957,
  title = {Theory of {{Superconductivity}}},
  author = {Bardeen, J. and Cooper, L. N. and Schrieffer, J. R.},
  date = {1957-12-01},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {108},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1175--1204},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.108.1175},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.108.1175},
  urldate = {2023-03-15},
  abstract = {A theory of superconductivity is presented, based on the fact that the interaction between electrons resulting from virtual exchange of phonons is attractive when the energy difference between the electrons states involved is less than the phonon energy, ℏω. It is favorable to form a superconducting phase when this attractive interaction dominates the repulsive screened Coulomb interaction. The normal phase is described by the Bloch individual-particle model. The ground state of a superconductor, formed from a linear combination of normal state configurations in which electrons are virtually excited in pairs of opposite spin and momentum, is lower in energy than the normal state by amount proportional to an average (ℏω)2, consistent with the isotope effect. A mutually orthogonal set of excited states in one-to-one correspondence with those of the normal phase is obtained by specifying occupation of certain Bloch states and by using the rest to form a linear combination of virtual pair configurations. The theory yields a second-order phase transition and a Meissner effect in the form suggested by Pippard. Calculated values of specific heats and penetration depths and their temperature variation are in good agreement with experiment. There is an energy gap for individual-particle excitations which decreases from about 3.5kTc at T=0°K to zero at Tc. Tables of matrix elements of single-particle operators between the excited-state superconducting wave functions, useful for perturbation expansions and calculations of transition probabilities, are given.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/H9YB2HNU/Bardeen et al. - 1957 - Theory of Superconductivity.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/IUVEJR4Z/PhysRev.108.html}
}

@article{bishop-vanhornSuperScreenOpensourcePackage2022,
  title = {{{SuperScreen}}: {{An}} Open-Source Package for Simulating the Magnetic Response of Two-Dimensional Superconducting Devices},
  shorttitle = {{{SuperScreen}}},
  author = {Bishop-Van Horn, Logan and Moler, Kathryn A.},
  date = {2022-11-01},
  journaltitle = {Computer Physics Communications},
  volume = {280},
  pages = {108464},
  issn = {0010-4655},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2022.108464},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465522001837},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {Quantitative understanding of the spatial distribution of magnetic fields and Meissner screening currents in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors and mesoscopic thin film superconducting devices is critical to interpreting the results of magnetic measurements of such systems. Here, we introduce SuperScreen, an open-source Python package for simulating the response of 2D superconductors to trapped flux and applied time-independent or quasi-DC magnetic fields for any value of the effective magnetic penetration depth, Λ. Given an applied magnetic field, SuperScreen solves the 2D London equation using an efficient matrix inversion method [1], [2] to obtain the Meissner currents and magnetic fields in and around structures composed of one or more superconducting thin films of arbitrary geometry. SuperScreen can be used to model screening effects and calculate self- and mutual-inductance in thin film superconducting devices. Program summary Program title: SuperScreen CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/bds57s4c83.1 Developer's repository link: http://www.github.com/loganbvh/superscreen Code Ocean capsule: https://codeocean.com/capsule/5305996 Licensing provisions: MIT license Programming language: Python Nature of problem: SuperScreen solves for Meissner screening currents in structures composed of 2D or thin film superconductors in the presence of an applied magnetic field, pinned vortices, and trapped flux. Solution method: This package solves the 2D London equation for superconducting thin films using a matrix inversion method [1], [2].},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Inductance,London equation,Meissner screening,Superconductivity},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/65LNDVR7/Bishop-Van Horn and Moler - 2022 - SuperScreen An open-source package for simulating.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/QYCW6JVM/S0010465522001837.html}
}

@online{CharacteristicLengthsSuperconductors,
  title = {Characteristic {{Lengths}} in {{Superconductors}}},
  url = {http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/chrlen.html},
  urldate = {2023-03-10},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/XXBQC4PX/chrlen.html}
}

@article{chiodiGeometryrelatedMagneticInterference2012,
  title = {Geometry-Related Magnetic Interference Patterns in Long {{S N S Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Chiodi, F. and Ferrier, M. and Guéron, S. and Cuevas, J. C. and Montambaux, G. and Fortuna, F. and Kasumov, A. and Bouchiat, H.},
  date = {2012-08-09},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {86},
  number = {6},
  pages = {064510},
  issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.86.064510},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.064510},
  urldate = {2023-06-30},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/U3NMGQID/Chiodi et al. - 2012 - Geometry-related magnetic interference patterns in.pdf}
}

@online{ciacciaGateTunableJosephson2023,
  title = {Gate {{Tunable Josephson Diode}} in {{Proximitized InAs Supercurrent Interferometers}}},
  author = {Ciaccia, Carlo and Haller, Roy and Drachmann, Asbjørn C. C. and Schrade, Constantin and Lindemann, Tyler and Manfra, Michael J. and Schönenberger, Christian},
  date = {2023-04-02},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00484v2},
  urldate = {2023-06-13},
  abstract = {The Josephson diode (JD) is a non-reciprocal circuit element that supports a larger critical current in one direction compared to the other. This effect has gained a growing interest because of promising applications in superconducting electronic circuits with low power consumption. Some implementations of a JD rely on breaking the inversion symmetry in the material used to realize Josephson junctions (JJs), but a recent theoretical proposal has suggested that the effect can also be engineered by combining two JJs hosting highly transmitting Andreev bound states in a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) at a small, but finite flux bias [1]. We realized a SQUID with two JJs fabricated in a proximitized InAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We demonstrate gate control of the diode efficiency from zero up to around \$30\$\textbackslash\% for different flux biases which comes close to the maximum of \$\textbackslash sim 40\$\textbackslash\% predicated in Ref. [1]. The key ingredient to the JD effect in the SQUID arrangement is the presence of an asymmetry between the two SQUID arms.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {{arXiv.org}},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/EPRIWSCU/Ciaccia et al. - 2023 - Gate Tunable Josephson Diode in Proximitized InAs .pdf}
}

@article{cirilloSuperconductingProximityEffect2005,
  title = {Superconducting Proximity Effect and Interface Transparency in {{Nb}} ∕ {{PdNi}} Bilayers},
  author = {Cirillo, C. and Prischepa, S. L. and Salvato, M. and Attanasio, C. and Hesselberth, M. and Aarts, J.},
  date = {2005-10-14},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {72},
  number = {14},
  pages = {144511},
  issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.72.144511},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.144511},
  urldate = {2023-05-22},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/Z7UQKD2V/Cirillo et al. - 2005 - Superconducting proximity effect and interface tra.pdf}
}

@mvbook{clarkeSQUIDHandbook2004,
  title = {The {{SQUID Handbook}}},
  author = {Clarke, J. and Braginski, I.},
  date = {2004},
  volume = {1},
  publisher = {{Wiley}},
  isbn = {3-527-40229-2},
  langid = {english},
  volumes = {2},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/GI6IHPGN/Clarke and Braginski - 2004 - The SQUID Handbook.pdf}
}

@article{dellaroccaMeasurementCurrentPhaseRelation2007,
  title = {Measurement of the {{Current-Phase Relation}} of {{Superconducting Atomic Contacts}}},
  author = {Della Rocca, M. L. and Chauvin, M. and Huard, B. and Pothier, H. and Esteve, D. and Urbina, C.},
  date = {2007-09-20},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {99},
  number = {12},
  pages = {127005},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.127005},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.127005},
  urldate = {2023-06-21},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/B5PFLRYY/Della Rocca et al. - 2007 - Measurement of the Current-Phase Relation of Super.pdf}
}

@online{eewebCoilInductanceCalculator,
  title = {Coil {{Inductance Calculator}}},
  author = {EEWeb},
  url = {https://www.eeweb.com/tools/coil-inductance/},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {Free coil inductance calculator (with formulas). Visit to learn more about our other online engineering tools \& resources.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {{EEWeb}},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/8F3RNYUY/coil-inductance.html}
}

@article{endresCurrentPhaseRelation2023,
  title = {Current–{{Phase Relation}} of a {{WTe}} {\textsubscript{2}} {{Josephson Junction}}},
  author = {Endres, Martin and Kononov, Artem and Arachchige, Hasitha Suriya and Yan, Jiaqiang and Mandrus, David and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Schönenberger, Christian},
  date = {2023-05-24},
  journaltitle = {Nano Lett.},
  volume = {23},
  number = {10},
  pages = {4654--4659},
  issn = {1530-6984, 1530-6992},
  doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01416},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01416},
  urldate = {2023-05-30},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/APUMZ9LC/Endres et al. - 2023 - Current–Phase Relation of a WTe 2 Josep.pdf}
}

@thesis{frolovCurrentphaseRelationsJosephson2005,
  title = {Current-Phase Relations of {{Josephson}} Junctions with Ferromagnetic Barriers},
  author = {Frolov, S. M.},
  date = {2005},
  institution = {{University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign}},
  abstract = {We have studied Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SFS) Nb-CuNi-Nb Josephson junctions that can transition between the 0 junction and the π junction states with temperature. By direct measurement of the current-phase relation (CPR) we have determined that the critical current of some SFS junctions changes sign as a function of temperature, indicating the π junction behavior. The CPR was de- termined by incorporating the junction into an rf SQUID geometry coupled to a dc SQUID magnetometer, allowing measurement of the junction phase difference. No evidence for the second-order Josephson tunneling, that was predicted by a number of theories to be observable near the 0-π transition temperature, was found in the CPR. In non-uniform 0-π SFS junctions with spatial variations in the effective bar- rier thickness, our data is consistent with spontaneous currents circulating around the 0-π boundaries. These spontaneous currents give rise to Shapiro steps in the current- voltage characteristics at half-integer Josephson voltages when the rf-modulation is added to the bias current. The degree of 0-π junction non-uniformity was deter- mined from measurements of the critical current vs. applied magnetic flux patterns. Scanning SQUID Microscope imaging of superconducting arrays with SFS junctions revealed spontaneous currents circulating in the arrays in the π junction state below the 0-π transition temperature.},
  langid = {american},
  pagetotal = {149},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/BM8U9VRI/Frolov - 2005 - CURRENT-PHASE RELATIONS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS WIT.pdf}
}

@online{frolovMeasurementCurrentPhaseRelation2004,
  title = {Measurement of the {{Current-Phase Relation}} of {{SFS}} Pi-{{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Frolov, S. M. and Van Harlingen, D. J. and Oboznov, V. A. and Bolginov, V. V. and Ryazanov, V. V.},
  date = {2004-02-17},
  eprint = {cond-mat/0402434},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.cond-mat/0402434},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0402434},
  urldate = {2023-01-09},
  abstract = {We present measurements of the current-phase relation (CPR) of Superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SFS) Josephson junctions as a function of temperature. The CPR is determined by incorporating the junction into a superconducting loop coupled to a dc SQUID, allowing measurement of the junction phase difference. Junctions fabricated with a thin (\textasciitilde{} 22 nm) barrier of Cu0.47Ni0.53 sandwiched between Nb electrodes exhibit a re-entrant critical current with temperature, vanishing at T =T\_pi \textasciitilde{} 2-4 K. We find that the critical current is negative for T {$<$} T\_pi, indicating that the junction is a pi-Josephson junction. We find no evidence for second-order Josephson tunneling near T\_pi in the CPR predicted by several theories.},
  pubstate = {preprint},
  keywords = {Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/XUR49XHZ/Frolov et al. - 2004 - Measurement of the Current-Phase Relation of SFS p.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/FY8M6HEA/0402434.html}
}

@article{gaoStudyDCMagnetron2022,
  title = {Study of {{DC Magnetron Sputtered Nb Films}}},
  author = {Gao, He and Wang, Shijian and Xu, Da and Wang, Xueshen and Zhong, Qing and Zhong, Yuan and Li, Jinjin and Cao, Wenhui},
  date = {2022-01},
  journaltitle = {Crystals},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31},
  publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
  issn = {2073-4352},
  doi = {10.3390/cryst12010031},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/1/31},
  urldate = {2023-03-30},
  abstract = {As Nb films are widely used as superconducting electrodes of Josephson junctions, it is important to investigate the properties of Nb films in order to fabricate high-quality Josephson junctions. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the relationships among the properties of DC magnetron sputtered Nb films with a constant power fabricated at the National Institute of Metrology (China). The film properties, including superconductivity, stress, lattice constant, and surface roughness, were investigated. It was found that in the case of constant power and Ar pressure, the stress and other parameters of the Nb films can maintain a relatively stable state during the continuous consumption of the target material.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Ar pressure,DC magnetron sputtering,stress,superconducting films},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/5JRCY5D8/Gao et al. - 2022 - Study of DC Magnetron Sputtered Nb Films.pdf}
}

@inreference{GaussianUnits2023,
  title = {Gaussian Units},
  booktitle = {Wikipedia},
  date = {2023-01-27T17:46:07Z},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaussian_units&oldid=1135918498},
  urldate = {2023-02-22},
  abstract = {Gaussian units constitute a metric system of physical units. This system is the most common of the several electromagnetic unit systems based on cgs (centimetre–gram–second) units. It is also called the Gaussian unit system, Gaussian-cgs units, or often just cgs units. The term "cgs units" is ambiguous and therefore to be avoided if possible: there are several variants of cgs with conflicting definitions of electromagnetic quantities and units. SI units predominate in most fields, and continue to increase in popularity at the expense of Gaussian units. Alternative unit systems also exist. Conversions between quantities in Gaussian and SI units are not direct unit conversions, because the quantities themselves are defined differently in each system. This means that the equations expressing physical laws of electromagnetism—such as Maxwell's—will change depending on the system of units employed. As an example, quantities that are dimensionless in one system may have dimension in the other.},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {Page Version ID: 1135918498},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/DI35R9JV/Gaussian_units.html}
}

@article{golubovCurrentphaseRelationJosephson2004a,
  title = {The Current-Phase Relation in {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Golubov, A. A. and Kupriyanov, M. Yu. and Il'ichev, E.},
  date = {2004-04-26},
  journaltitle = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
  volume = {76},
  number = {2},
  pages = {411--469},
  issn = {0034-6861, 1539-0756},
  doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.76.411},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.76.411},
  urldate = {2023-03-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/SCJ29AI7/Golubov et al. - 2004 - The current-phase relation in Josephson junctions.pdf}
}

@article{gumannMicroscopicTheorySuperconductorconstrictionsuperconductor2007,
  title = {Microscopic Theory of Superconductor-Constriction-Superconductor {{Josephson}} Junctions in a Magnetic Field},
  author = {Gumann, A. and Dahm, T. and Schopohl, N.},
  date = {2007-08-24},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {76},
  number = {6},
  pages = {064529},
  issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.76.064529},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.064529},
  urldate = {2023-03-06},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/2LNX8VDM/Gumann et al. - 2007 - Microscopic theory of superconductor-constriction-.pdf}
}

@article{hartCurrentphaseRelationsInAs2019,
  title = {Current-Phase Relations of {{InAs}} Nanowire {{Josephson}} Junctions: From Interacting to Multi-Mode Regimes},
  shorttitle = {Current-Phase Relations of {{InAs}} Nanowire {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Hart, Sean and Cui, Zheng and Menard, Gerbold and Deng, Mingtang and Antipov, Andrey and Lutchyn, Roman M. and Krogstrup, Peter and Marcus, Charles M. and Moler, Kathryn A.},
  date = {2019-08-26},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {100},
  number = {6},
  eprint = {1902.07804},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprintclass = {cond-mat},
  pages = {064523},
  issn = {2469-9950, 2469-9969},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.100.064523},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.07804},
  urldate = {2023-01-09},
  abstract = {Gate-tunable semiconductor-superconductor nanowires with superconducting leads form exotic Josephson junctions that are a highly desirable platform for two types of qubits: those with topological superconductivity (Majorana qubits) and those based on tunable anharmonicity (gatemon qubits). Controlling their behavior, however, requires understanding their electrostatic environment and electronic structure. Here we study gated InAs nanowires with epitaxial aluminum shells. By measuring current-phase relations (CPR) and comparing them with analytical and numerical calculations, we show that we can tune the number of modes, determine the transparency of each mode, and tune into regimes in which electron-electron interactions are apparent, indicating the presence of a quantum dot. To take into account electrostatic and geometrical effects, we perform microscopic self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson numerical simulations, revealing the energy spectrum of Andreev states in the junction as well as their spatial distribution. Our work systematically demonstrates the effect of device geometry, gate voltage and phase bias on mode behavior, providing new insights into ongoing experimental efforts and predictive device design.},
  keywords = {Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/A5IMJEQH/Hart et al. - 2019 - Current-phase relations of InAs nanowire Josephson.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/T5PPHTA8/1902.html}
}

@article{jackelDirectMeasurementCurrentphase1974a,
  title = {Direct Measurement of Current-Phase Relations in Superconducting Weak Links},
  author = {Jackel, L. D. and Buhrman, R. A. and Webb, W. W.},
  date = {1974-10-01},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {10},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2782--2785},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.10.2782},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.10.2782},
  urldate = {2023-01-16},
  abstract = {We report a method for the direct measurement of the current-phase i(θ) relations in superconducting weak links. We show that by proper choice of experimental parameters, an accurate measurement of i(θ) can be obtained in spite of obscuring effects of thermal fluctuations. This method has been used to obtain the current-phase relation of an oxidized niobium point contact and has shown that it conforms closely to the sinusoidal Josephson relation.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/4E826XKG/Jackel et al. - 1974 - Direct measurement of current-phase relations in s.pdf}
}

@article{jaycoxPlanarCouplingScheme1981,
  title = {Planar Coupling Scheme for Ultra Low Noise {{DC SQUIDs}}},
  author = {Jaycox, J. and Ketchen, M.},
  date = {1981-01},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
  volume = {17},
  number = {1},
  pages = {400--403},
  issn = {1941-0069},
  doi = {10.1109/TMAG.1981.1060902},
  abstract = {We have devised and tested a planar coupling scheme in which the technology used to produce ultra low noise tunnel junction dc SQUIDs is employed to achieve tight coupling between the SQUID loop and and the input coil. In our scheme the planar, ungroundplaned, inductive loop of the dc SQUID acts as the wide single turn primary of a thin-film transformer. The input coil consists of a multiple-turn secondary in the form of a spiral stripline fabricated directly above the primary. The two tunnel junctions are located at the outside edge of the SQUID loop. A low inductance stripline structure connects the junctions to the region of high current flow in the SQUID loop. We have evaluated this coupling scheme experimentally in SQUIDs with 10-turn, 19-turn, 50-turn, and 100-turn input coils. All have mutual inductances per turn of approximately 80 pH, in good agreement with numerical calculations. Detailed measurements on the 50-turn SQUID gave a mutual inductance M of 3.8 nH, an input coil inductance Liof 190 nH, a SQUID self inductance of L of 89 pH, and a coupling constant k2= M2/LiL of 0.86. The 100- turn version is estimated to have similar coupling performance with an input coil inductance of approximately 0.8 μH.},
  eventtitle = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Magnetics}}},
  keywords = {Inductance measurement,Josephson junctions,Mutual coupling,Spirals,SQUIDs,Stripline,Superconducting coils,Superconducting device noise,Testing,Transistors},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/WZGG7835/Jaycox and Ketchen - 1981 - Planar coupling scheme for ultra low noise DC SQUI.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/EYYFBFYT/stamp.html}
}

@article{kayyalhaHighlySkewedCurrent2020,
  title = {Highly Skewed Current–Phase Relation in Superconductor–Topological Insulator–Superconductor {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Kayyalha, Morteza and Kazakov, Aleksandr and Miotkowski, Ireneusz and Khlebnikov, Sergei and Rokhinson, Leonid P. and Chen, Yong P.},
  date = {2020-01-30},
  journaltitle = {npj Quantum Mater.},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--7},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {2397-4648},
  doi = {10.1038/s41535-020-0209-5},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41535-020-0209-5},
  urldate = {2023-05-31},
  abstract = {Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) in proximity with superconductors are expected to exhibit exotic phenomena, such as topological superconductivity (TSC) and Majorana-bound states (MBS), which may have applications in topological quantum computation. In superconductor–TI–superconductor Josephson junctions, the supercurrent versus the phase difference between the superconductors, referred to as the current–phase relation (CPR), reveals important information including the nature of the superconducting transport. Here, we study the induced superconductivity in gate-tunable Josephson junctions (JJs) made from topological insulator BiSbTeSe2 with superconducting Nb electrodes. We observe highly skewed (non-sinusoidal) CPR in these junctions. The critical current, or the magnitude of the CPR, increases with decreasing temperature down to the lowest accessible temperature (T\,\textasciitilde\,20\,mK), revealing the existence of low-energy modes in our junctions. The gate dependence shows that close to the Dirac point the CPR becomes less skewed, indicating the transport is more diffusive, most likely due to the presence of electron/hole puddles and charge inhomogeneity. Our experiments provide strong evidence that superconductivity is induced in the highly ballistic topological surface states (TSS) in our gate-tunable TI-based JJs. Furthermore, the measured CPR is in good agreement with the prediction of a model which calculates the phase-dependent eigenstate energies in our system, considering the finite width of the electrodes, as well as the TSS wave functions extending over the entire circumference of the TI.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Superconducting properties and materials,Topological insulators},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/5SEQHCH9/Kayyalha et al. - 2020 - Highly skewed current–phase relation in supercondu.pdf}
}

@misc{keithleyKeithley2182ANanovoltmeter,
  title = {Keithley {{2182A Nanovoltmeter Datasheet}}},
  author = {Keithley},
  url = {https://download.tek.com/datasheet/2182A-15912.pdf},
  urldate = {2023-03-26},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/2K4ZVQEM/2182A-15912.pdf}
}

@thesis{lahabiSpintripletSupercurrentsOdd2018,
  title = {Spin-Triplet Supercurrents of Odd and Even Parity in Nanostructured Devices},
  author = {Lahabi, K.},
  date = {2018-12-04},
  institution = {{Leiden University}},
  url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1887/68031},
  urldate = {2023-04-13},
  abstract = {Triplet superconductivity refers to a condensate of equal-spin Cooper pairs (pairs of electrons with equal spin). While exceptionally rare in nature, triplet pairing of electrons can occur if either the temporal or spatial component of the superconducting wavefunction can be represented by an odd function. These are often referred to as odd-frequency and odd-parity triplets, respectively. We use hybrid magnetic devices to study the former, while the latter is investigated in mesoscopic structures of strontium ruthenate (Sr\textbackslash tss\{2\}RuO\textbackslash tss\{4\}).},
  isbn = {9789085933755},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/SW439KI5/1887_68031-Full Text.pdf}
}

@article{likharevSuperconductingWeakLinks1979,
  title = {Superconducting Weak Links},
  author = {Likharev, K. K.},
  date = {1979-01-01},
  journaltitle = {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--159},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.51.101},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.101},
  urldate = {2023-03-12},
  abstract = {This review covers experimental results and theoretical ideas on the properties of superconducting weak links, i.e., weak electrical contacts between superconducting electrodes which exhibit direct (non-tunnel-type) conductivity. When the dimensions of such weak links are sufficiently small, the Josephson effect is observed in them, in other words, a single-valued and 2π -periodic relationship exists between the supercurrent Is and the phase difference σ of the electrodes. With increasing dimensions, this relationship has a tendency to deviate gradually from the Josephson behavior. This deviation varies, depending on whether the weak link material is a superconductor or a normal metal. The various known types of weak links are described, and special mention is made of those weak links which are most suitable for physical investigations and have various practical applications. The data on the nonstationary (ac) processes in weak links, when the phase difference varies with time, are analyzed. In conclusion the existing concepts about the processes in weak links are briefly summarized and the most urgent outstanding problems are outlined.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/K4E7CYRB/Likharev - 1979 - Superconducting weak links.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/84WKF9DX/RevModPhys.51.html}
}

@article{linYBaCuNano2020,
  title = {{{YBa}} {\textsubscript{2}} {{Cu}} {\textsubscript{3}} {{O}} {\textsubscript{7}} Nano Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices on {{MgO}} Bicrystal Substrates},
  author = {Lin, Jianxin and Müller, Benedikt and Linek, Julian and Karrer, Max and Wenzel, Malte and Martínez-Pérez, Maria José and Kleiner, Reinhold and Koelle, Dieter},
  date = {2020},
  journaltitle = {Nanoscale},
  volume = {12},
  number = {9},
  pages = {5658--5668},
  issn = {2040-3364, 2040-3372},
  doi = {10.1039/C9NR10506A},
  url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9NR10506A},
  urldate = {2023-05-09},
  abstract = {We achieve ultra-low excess noise in nanoSQUIDs from the high-transition temperature cuprate superconductor YBa               2               Cu               3               O               7               on a low-microwave-loss substrate.                        ,                             We report on nanopatterned YBa               2               Cu               3               O               7−δ               (YBCO) direct current superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) based on grain boundary Josephson junctions. The nanoSQUIDs are fabricated by epitaxial growth of 120 nm-thick films of the high-transition temperature cuprate superconductor YBCO               via               pulsed laser deposition on MgO bicrystal substrates with 24° misorientation angle, followed by sputtering of               d               Au               = 65 nm thick Au. Nanopatterning is performed by Ga focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The SQUID performance is comparable to devices on SrTiO               3               (STO), as demonstrated by electric transport and noise measurements at 4.2 K. MgO has orders of magnitude smaller dielectric permittivity than STO;               i.e.               , one may avoid Au as a resistively shunting layer to reduce the intrinsic thermal flux noise of the nanoSQUIDs. However, we find that the Au layer is important for avoiding degradation during FIB milling. Hence, we compare devices with different               d               Au               produced by thinning the Au layer               via               Ar ion milling after FIB patterning. We find that the reduction of               d               Au               yields an increase in junction resistance, however at the expense of a reduction of the critical current and increase in SQUID inductance. This results in an estimated thermal flux noise that is almost independent of               d               Au               . However, for two devices on MgO with 65 nm-thick Au, we find an order of magnitude lower low-frequency excess noise as compared to nanoSQUIDs on STO or those on MgO with reduced               d               Au               . For one of those devices we obtain with bias-reversal readout ultra-low flux noise of ∼175 n               Φ               0               Hz               −1/2               down to ∼10 Hz.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/RNEUWHYP/Lin et al. - 2020 - YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 na.pdf}
}

@article{martin-roderoMicroscopicTheoryJosephson1994,
  title = {Microscopic Theory of {{Josephson}} Mesoscopic Constrictions},
  author = {Martín-Rodero, A. and García-Vidal, F. J. and Levy Yeyati, A.},
  date = {1994-01-24},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {72},
  number = {4},
  pages = {554--557},
  issn = {0031-9007},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.554},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.554},
  urldate = {2023-03-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/VSZID6XZ/Martín-Rodero et al. - 1994 - Microscopic theory of Josephson mesoscopic constri.pdf}
}

@article{maxfieldSuperconductingPenetrationDepth1965,
  title = {Superconducting {{Penetration Depth}} of {{Niobium}}},
  author = {Maxfield, B. W. and McLean, W. L.},
  date = {1965-08-30},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev.},
  volume = {139},
  pages = {A1515-A1522},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRev.139.A1515},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.139.A1515},
  urldate = {2023-03-28},
  abstract = {The variation with temperature of the penetration depth of weak magnetic fields into niobium has been measured. The variation was more rapid than expected from the BCS theory of superconductivity, in contrast to the situation in previously measured superconductors where it was less rapid. Just as in the previous cases, the results here can be understood in terms of a variation of the energy gap different from that predicted by the BCS theory. A comparison with the energy gap deduced by Dobbs and Perz from their ultrasonic-attenuation measurements is given. The penetration depth at absolute zero, λ(0), is estimated from the present results to be 470±50 Å, while the London penetration depth λL(0) is 390±50 Å.},
  issue = {5A},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/NLWV5SV2/Maxfield and McLean - 1965 - Superconducting Penetration Depth of Niobium.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/BYXUYWXD/PhysRev.139.html}
}

@article{muraniBallisticEdgeStates2017,
  title = {Ballistic Edge States in {{Bismuth}} Nanowires Revealed by {{SQUID}} Interferometry},
  author = {Murani, Anil and Kasumov, Alik and Sengupta, Shamashis and Kasumov, Yu A. and Volkov, V. T. and Khodos, I. I. and Brisset, F. and Delagrange, Raphaëlle and Chepelianskii, Alexei and Deblock, Richard and Bouchiat, Hélène and Guéron, Sophie},
  date = {2017-07-05},
  journaltitle = {Nat Commun},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15941},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms15941},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15941},
  urldate = {2023-01-09},
  abstract = {The protection against backscattering provided by topology is a striking property. In two-dimensional insulators, a consequence of this topological protection is the ballistic nature of the one-dimensional helical edge states. One demonstration of ballisticity is the quantized Hall conductance. Here we provide another demonstration of ballistic transport, in the way the edge states carry a supercurrent. The system we have investigated is a micrometre-long monocrystalline bismuth nanowire with topological surfaces, that we connect to two superconducting electrodes. We have measured the relation between the Josephson current flowing through the nanowire and the superconducting phase difference at its ends, the current–phase relation. The sharp sawtooth-shaped phase-modulated current–phase relation we find demonstrates that transport occurs selectively along two ballistic edges of the nanowire. In addition, we show that a magnetic field induces 0–π transitions and ϕ0-junction behaviour, providing a way to manipulate the phase of the supercurrent-carrying edge states and generate spin supercurrents.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Electronic properties and materials},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/HZSKWK24/Murani et al. - 2017 - Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires reveale.pdf}
}

@article{pechenezhskiySuperconductingQuasichargeQubit2020,
  title = {The Superconducting Quasicharge Qubit},
  author = {Pechenezhskiy, Ivan V. and Mencia, Raymond A. and Nguyen, Long B. and Lin, Yen-Hsiang and Manucharyan, Vladimir E.},
  date = {2020-09},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  volume = {585},
  number = {7825},
  pages = {368--371},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2687-9},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2687-9},
  urldate = {2023-05-31},
  abstract = {The non-dissipative nonlinearity of Josephson junctions1 converts macroscopic superconducting circuits into artificial atoms2, enabling some of the best-controlled qubits today3,4. Three fundamental types of superconducting qubit are known5, each reflecting a distinct behaviour of quantum fluctuations in a Cooper pair condensate: single-charge tunnelling (charge qubit6,7), single-flux tunnelling (flux qubit8) and phase oscillations (phase qubit9 or transmon10). Yet, the dual nature of charge and flux suggests that circuit atoms must come in pairs. Here we introduce the missing superconducting qubit, ‘blochnium’, which exploits a coherent insulating response of a single Josephson junction that emerges from the extension of phase fluctuations beyond 2π (refs. 11–14). Evidence for such an effect has been found in out-of-equilibrium direct-current transport through junctions connected to high-impedance leads15–19, although a full consensus on the existence of extended phase fluctuations is so far absent20–22. We shunt a weak junction with an extremely high inductance—the key technological innovation in our experiment—and measure the radiofrequency excitation spectrum as a function of external magnetic flux through the resulting loop. The insulating character of the junction is manifested by the vanishing flux sensitivity of the qubit transition between the ground state and the first excited state, which recovers rapidly for transitions to higher-energy states. The spectrum agrees with a duality mapping of blochnium onto a transmon, which replaces the external flux by the offset charge and introduces a new collective quasicharge variable instead of the superconducting phase23,24. Our findings may motivate the exploration of macroscopic quantum dynamics in ultrahigh-impedance circuits, with potential applications in quantum computing and metrology.},
  issue = {7825},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Quantum information,Qubits,Superconducting devices},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/IV2RT4Y4/Pechenezhskiy et al. - 2020 - The superconducting quasicharge qubit.pdf}
}

@article{PhysRevLett.90.167001,
  title = {Phase Sensitive Experiments in Ferromagnetic-Based Josephson Junctions},
  author = {Guichard, W. and Aprili, M. and Bourgeois, O. and Kontos, T. and Lesueur, J. and Gandit, P.},
  date = {2003-04},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {90},
  number = {16},
  pages = {167001},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.167001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.167001},
  pagetotal = {4},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/SF2J5YSI/Guichard et al. - 2003 - Phase sensitive experiments in ferromagnetic-based.pdf}
}

@article{PhysRevLett.92.217001,
  title = {Spontaneous Supercurrent Induced by Ferromagnetic {{π}} Junctions},
  author = {Bauer, A. and Bentner, J. and Aprili, M. and Della Rocca, M. L. and Reinwald, M. and Wegscheider, W. and Strunk, C.},
  date = {2004-05},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {92},
  number = {21},
  pages = {217001},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217001},
  pagetotal = {4},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/W3YU4W6L/Bauer et al. - 2004 - Spontaneous supercurrent induced by ferromagnetic .pdf}
}

@article{placeNewMaterialPlatform2021,
  title = {New Material Platform for Superconducting Transmon Qubits with Coherence Times Exceeding 0.3 Milliseconds},
  author = {Place, Alexander P. M. and Rodgers, Lila V. H. and Mundada, Pranav and Smitham, Basil M. and Fitzpatrick, Mattias and Leng, Zhaoqi and Premkumar, Anjali and Bryon, Jacob and Vrajitoarea, Andrei and Sussman, Sara and Cheng, Guangming and Madhavan, Trisha and Babla, Harshvardhan K. and Le, Xuan Hoang and Gang, Youqi and Jäck, Berthold and Gyenis, András and Yao, Nan and Cava, Robert J. and de Leon, Nathalie P. and Houck, Andrew A.},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  date = {2021-03-19},
  journaltitle = {Nat Commun},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1779},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-22030-5},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22030-5},
  urldate = {2023-05-31},
  abstract = {The superconducting transmon qubit is a leading platform for quantum computing and quantum science. Building large, useful quantum systems based on transmon qubits will require significant improvements in qubit relaxation and coherence times, which are orders of magnitude shorter than limits imposed by bulk properties of the constituent materials. This indicates that relaxation likely originates from uncontrolled surfaces, interfaces, and contaminants. Previous efforts to improve qubit lifetimes have focused primarily on designs that minimize contributions from surfaces. However, significant improvements in the lifetime of two-dimensional transmon qubits have remained elusive for several years. Here, we fabricate two-dimensional transmon qubits that have both lifetimes and coherence times with dynamical decoupling exceeding 0.3 milliseconds by replacing niobium with tantalum in the device. We have observed increased lifetimes for seventeen devices, indicating that these material improvements are robust, paving the way for higher gate fidelities in multi-qubit processors.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Quantum information,Qubits,Superconducting devices,Superconducting properties and materials},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/D9V5F68T/Place et al. - 2021 - New material platform for superconducting transmon.pdf}
}

@article{poddMicroSQUIDsControllableAsymmetry2007,
  title = {Micro-{{SQUIDs}} with Controllable Asymmetry via Hot-Phonon Controlled Junctions},
  author = {Podd, G. J. and Hutchinson, G. D. and Williams, D. A. and Hasko, D. G.},
  date = {2007-04-02},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {75},
  number = {13},
  pages = {134501},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.75.134501},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.134501},
  urldate = {2023-03-09},
  abstract = {We describe the fabrication and measurement of a micrometer-sized direct-current superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) in which the critical currents of each of the constriction-type Josephson junctions can be controlled independently and in situ via a process of nonequilibrium (hot-phonon) irradiation from a nanofabricated gated structure. The control mechanism is based on hot phonons which are injected into the superconducting microbridges from close proximity, but electrically isolated, normal-metal constrictions. We have also developed a one-dimensional computer model to analyze the behavior of micro-SQUID devices including situations in which we modify the asymmetry of the device. We show from the model that the experimental results are consistent with a change in effective length of the microbridge junctions with respect to the coherence length of the film. The experimental data, and its interpretation in relation to the micro-SQUID model, confirm that this technique, based on hot-phonon irradiation for controlling the critical current in Dayem bridge Josephson junctions, is compatible with the Josephson effect and a feasible method for post-fabrication parameter control in superconducting circuits using Dayem bridge Josephson junctions.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/7XY82I6I/Podd et al. - 2007 - Micro-SQUIDs with controllable asymmetry via hot-p.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/K786AILE/PhysRevB.75.html}
}

@article{pranceSensitivityDCSQUID2023,
  title = {Sensitivity of a {{DC SQUID}} with a Non-Sinusoidal Current-Phase Relation in Its Junctions},
  author = {Prance, J. R. and Thompson, M. D.},
  date = {2023-05-30},
  journaltitle = {Applied Physics Letters},
  volume = {122},
  number = {22},
  pages = {222601},
  issn = {0003-6951},
  doi = {10.1063/5.0151607},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151607},
  urldate = {2023-06-13},
  abstract = {In ballistic superconductor–normal metal–superconductor Josephson junctions, such as those made from graphene or high mobility semiconductors, the current-phase relation may not have the common, sinusoidal form but can be skewed to have a peak supercurrent at a phase difference greater than    π / 2. Here, we use a numerical simulation that includes thermal noise to investigate the sensitivity of a DC superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with such junctions. The simulation uses a resistively and capacitively shunted junction model where the current-phase relation of each junction can be defined as an arbitrary function. The modulation, transfer function, noise, and sensitivity of a SQUID are calculated for different types of current-phase relation. For the examples considered here, we find that the flux sensitivity of the SQUID is always degraded by forward skewing of the current-phase relation, even in cases where the transfer function of the SQUID has been improved.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/2QTHFNLE/Prance and Thompson - 2023 - Sensitivity of a DC SQUID with a non-sinusoidal cu.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/MS2SK8CX/Sensitivity-of-a-DC-SQUID-with-a-non-sinusoidal.html}
}

@article{prigozhin3DSimulationSuperconducting2018,
  title = {{{3D}} Simulation of Superconducting Magnetic Shields and Lenses Using the Fast {{Fourier}} Transform},
  author = {Prigozhin, Leonid and Sokolovsky, Vladimir},
  date = {2018-06-19},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {123},
  number = {23},
  pages = {233901},
  publisher = {{AIP Publishing LLC AIP Publishing}},
  issn = {0021-8979},
  doi = {10.1063/1.5027592},
  url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.5027592},
  urldate = {2023-03-10},
  abstract = {Shielding sensitive scientific and medical devices from the magnetic field environment is one of the promising applications of superconductors. Magnetic field concentration by superconducting magnetic lenses is the opposite phenomenon based, however, on the same properties of superconductors: their ideal conductivity and ability to expel the magnetic field. Full-dimensional numerical simulations are necessary for designing magnetic lenses and for estimating the quality of magnetic shielding under arbitrary varying external fields. Using the recently proposed Fast Fourier Transform based three-dimensional numerical method [Prigozhin and Sokolovsky, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 055018 (2018)], we model performance of two such devices made of a bulk type-II superconductor: a magnetic shield and a magnetic lens. The method is efficient and can be easier to implement than the alternative approaches based on the finite element methods.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/M4KLRGYH/Prigozhin and Sokolovsky - 2018 - 3D simulation of superconducting magnetic shields .pdf}
}

@article{rhoderickCurrentDistributionThin1962,
  title = {Current {{Distribution}} in {{Thin Superconducting Films}}},
  author = {Rhoderick, E.H. and Wilson, E.M.},
  date = {1962-06},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  volume = {194},
  number = {4834},
  pages = {1167--1167},
  issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/1941167b0},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/1941167b0},
  urldate = {2023-02-17},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/AX3ICBUX/Current Distribution in Thin Superconducting Films.pdf}
}

@article{rogSQUIDontipMagneticMicroscopy2022,
  title = {{{SQUID-on-tip Magnetic Microscopy}} Using {{Tunneling-Based Height Control}}},
  author = {Rog, Matthijs},
  date = {2022-08-01},
  abstract = {Current imaging is crucial to condensed matter physics, materials research and industry. State-of-the-art current imaging setups revolve around SQUIDon-tip (SOT) probes, that scan over a sample to locally measure magnetic fields and temperature. The resolution of such systems is presently limited by the lack of a robust method to control the probe-sample distance. In this thesis, we develop probes for hybrid microscopy that combine SOT with STM. We theoretically investigate interesting systems, and find that our approach would considerably improve on past magnetic investigations of vortex matter. We use focused-ion-beam milling to fabricate SOT probes on top of a commercial AFM-cantilever, and show these to be very sensitive to changes in applied magnetic field and temperature. We develop a novel readout scheme to simultaneously measure a magnetic and a tunneling signal. We present a proof-of-concept STMSOT probe that displays magnetic sensitivity inside a cryogenic STM setup, and use it as an STM probe to see the topography of a NbSe2 crystal. Our approach will culminate in the development of a STMSOT setup in the near future.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/N7XIEW7Y/Rog - SQUID-on-tip Magnetic Microscopy using Tunneling-B.pdf}
}

@incollection{schmelzSuperconductingQuantumInterference2017,
  title = {Superconducting {{Quantum Interference Device}} ({{SQUID}}) {{Magnetometers}}},
  booktitle = {High {{Sensitivity Magnetometers}}},
  author = {Schmelz, Matthias and Stolz, Ronny},
  editor = {Grosz, Asaf and Haji-Sheikh, Michael J. and Mukhopadhyay, Subhas C.},
  date = {2017},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {279--311},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  location = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-34070-8_10},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-34070-8_10},
  urldate = {2023-06-13},
  isbn = {978-3-319-34068-5 978-3-319-34070-8},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/QHUAHV3N/Schmelz and Stolz - 2017 - Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID.pdf}
}

@online{schmidtProbingCurrentphaseRelation2020,
  title = {Probing the Current-Phase Relation of Graphene {{Josephson}} Junctions Using Microwave Measurements},
  author = {Schmidt, Felix E. and Jenkins, Mark D. and Watanabe, Kenji and Taniguchi, Takashi and Steele, Gary A.},
  date = {2020-07-19},
  eprint = {2007.09795},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprintclass = {cond-mat},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2007.09795},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09795},
  urldate = {2023-01-13},
  abstract = {We perform extensive analysis of graphene Josephson junctions embedded in microwave circuits. By comparing a diffusive junction at 15 mK with a ballistic one at 15 mK and 1 K, we are able to reconstruct the current-phase relation.},
  pubstate = {preprint},
  keywords = {Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/BC6PWH4R/Schmidt et al. - 2020 - Probing the current-phase relation of graphene Jos.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/5RBJBCLT/2007.html}
}

@article{sharonCurrentinducedSQUIDBehavior2016,
  title = {Current-Induced {{SQUID}} Behavior of Superconducting {{Nb}} Nano-Rings},
  author = {Sharon, Omri J. and Shaulov, Avner and Berger, Jorge and Sharoni, Amos and Yeshurun, Yosef},
  date = {2016-06-20},
  journaltitle = {Sci Rep},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28320},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {2045-2322},
  doi = {10.1038/srep28320},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28320},
  urldate = {2023-06-14},
  abstract = {The critical temperature in a superconducting ring changes periodically with the magnetic flux threading it, giving rise to the well-known Little-Parks magnetoresistance oscillations. Periodic changes of the critical current in a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), consisting of two Josephson junctions in a ring, lead to a different type of magnetoresistance oscillations utilized in detecting extremely small changes in magnetic fields. Here we demonstrate current-induced switching between Little-Parks and SQUID magnetoresistance oscillations in a superconducting nano-ring without Josephson junctions. Our measurements in Nb nano-rings show that as the bias current increases, the parabolic Little-Parks magnetoresistance oscillations become sinusoidal and eventually transform into oscillations typical of a SQUID. We associate this phenomenon with the flux-induced non-uniformity of the order parameter along a superconducting nano-ring, arising from the superconducting leads (‘arms’) attached to it. Current enhanced phase slip rates at the points with minimal order parameter create effective Josephson junctions in the ring, switching it into a SQUID.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Nanoscience and technology,Superconducting properties and materials},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/RSNJ5ZK5/Sharon et al. - 2016 - Current-induced SQUID behavior of superconducting .pdf}
}

@article{shellyExistenceShapiroSteps2020,
  title = {Existence of {{Shapiro Steps}} in the {{Dissipative Regime}} in {{Superconducting Weak Links}}},
  author = {Shelly, Connor D. and See, Patrick and Rungger, Ivan and Williams, Jonathan M.},
  date = {2020-02-26},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Appl.},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {024070},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.024070},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.024070},
  urldate = {2023-03-09},
  abstract = {We present measurements of microwave-induced Shapiro steps in a superconducting nanobridge weak link in the dissipative branch of a hysteretic current-voltage characteristic. We demonstrate that Shapiro steps can be used to infer a reduced critical current and an associated local temperature. Our observation of Shapiro steps in the dissipative branch shows that a finite Josephson coupling exists in the dissipative state. Although the nanobridge is heated, our model shows that the temperature remains below the critical temperature. This work provides evidence that Josephson behavior can still exist in thermally hysteretic weak-link devices and will allow extension of the temperature range over which nanobridge-based single-flux-quantum circuits, micron-sized superconducting quantum interference devices (i.e., nanoSQUIDs), and Josephson voltage standards can be used.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/EKI8KC9E/Shelly et al. - 2020 - Existence of Shapiro Steps in the Dissipative Regi.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/GJJIMP2G/PhysRevApplied.13.html}
}

@article{sigristRoleDomainWalls1999,
  title = {The {{Role}} of {{Domain Walls}} on the {{Vortex Creep Dynamics}} in {{Unconventional Superconductors}}},
  author = {Sigrist, Manfred and Agterberg, Daniel F.},
  date = {1999-11-01},
  journaltitle = {Progress of Theoretical Physics},
  volume = {102},
  number = {5},
  pages = {965--981},
  issn = {0033-068X},
  doi = {10.1143/PTP.102.965},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.102.965},
  urldate = {2023-05-31},
  abstract = {We investigate the influence of domain walls on the vortex dynamics in superconductors with multi-component order parameters. We show that, due to their complex structure domain walls can carry vortices with fractional flux quanta. The decay of conventional vortices into fractional ones on domain walls is examined. This decay presents an extraordinarily strong pinning mechanism for vortices and turns domain walls occupied with pinned fractional vortices into efficient barriers for the vortex motion. Therefore, domain walls can act as fences for the flux flow, preventing the decay of the remnant magnetic flux enclosed by them. Furthermore, the consequences of this property of domain walls on the vortex dynamics are discussed in connection with observed noise in the hysteresis cycle, using the Bean model of the critical vortex state. Based on this picture experimental data in the unconventional superconductors UPt3, U1-xThxBe13 and Sr2RuO4 are interpreted.},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/I6Z6HHA5/Sigrist and Agterberg - 1999 - The Role of Domain Walls on the Vortex Creep Dynam.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/YHIKL8WV/1884418.html}
}

@article{singhColossalProximityEffect2015,
  title = {Colossal {{Proximity Effect}} in a {{Superconducting Triplet Spin Valve Based}} on the {{Half-Metallic Ferromagnet CrO}} 2},
  author = {Singh, A. and Voltan, S. and Lahabi, K. and Aarts, J.},
  date = {2015-05-26},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. X},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {021019},
  issn = {2160-3308},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.5.021019},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevX.5.021019},
  urldate = {2023-05-17},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/ADC62GHU/Singh et al. - 2015 - Colossal Proximity Effect in a Superconducting Tri.pdf}
}

@article{soutoJosephsonDiodeEffect2022,
  title = {Josephson {{Diode Effect}} in {{Supercurrent Interferometers}}},
  author = {Souto, Rubén Seoane and Leijnse, Martin and Schrade, Constantin},
  date = {2022-12-22},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {129},
  number = {26},
  pages = {267702},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.267702},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.267702},
  urldate = {2023-06-21},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/27XK57NC/Souto et al. - 2022 - Josephson Diode Effect in Supercurrent Interferome.pdf}
}

@article{spantonCurrentPhaseRelations2017,
  title = {Current–Phase Relations of Few-Mode {{InAs}} Nanowire {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Spanton, Eric M. and Deng, Mingtang and Vaitiekėnas, Saulius and Krogstrup, Peter and Nygård, Jesper and Marcus, Charles M. and Moler, Kathryn A.},
  date = {2017-12},
  journaltitle = {Nature Phys},
  volume = {13},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1177--1181},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/nphys4224},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4224},
  urldate = {2023-01-16},
  abstract = {Semiconductor nanowires with superconducting leads are considered promising for quantum computation. The current–phase relation is systematically explored in gate-tunable InAs Josephson junctions, and is shown to provide a clean handle for characterizing the transport properties of these structures.},
  issue = {12},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Superconducting devices,Superconducting properties and materials},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/6KISNWMH/Spanton et al. - 2017 - Current–phase relations of few-mode InAs nanowire .pdf}
}

@article{stoutimoreSecondharmonicCurrentphaseRelation2018,
  title = {Second-Harmonic Current-Phase Relation in {{Josephson}} Junctions with Ferromagnetic Barriers},
  author = {Stoutimore, M. J. A. and Rossolenko, A. N. and Bolginov, V. V. and Oboznov, V. A. and Rusanov, A. Y. and Baranov, D. S. and Pugach, N. and Frolov, S. M. and Ryazanov, V. V. and Van Harlingen, D. J.},
  date = {2018-10-26},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
  volume = {121},
  number = {17},
  eprint = {1805.12546},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprintclass = {cond-mat},
  pages = {177702},
  issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.177702},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.12546},
  urldate = {2023-01-13},
  abstract = {We report the observation of a current-phase relation dominated by the second Josephson harmonic in superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junctions. The exotic current-phase relation is realized in the vicinity of a temperature-controlled 0-to-\$\textbackslash pi\$ junction transition, at which the first Josephson harmonic vanishes. Direct current-phase relation measurements, as well as Josephson interferometry, non-vanishing supercurrent and half-integer Shapiro steps at the 0-\$\textbackslash pi\$ transition self-consistently point to an intrinsic second harmonic term, making it possible to rule out common alternative origins of half-periodic behavior. While surprising for diffusive multimode junctions, the large second harmonic is in agreement with theory predictions for thin ferromagnetic interlayers.},
  keywords = {Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/J8AYW528/Stoutimore et al. - 2018 - Second-harmonic current-phase relation in Josephso.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/85A66VLV/1805.html}
}

@article{strambiniJosephsonPhaseBattery2020,
  title = {A {{Josephson}} Phase Battery},
  author = {Strambini, Elia and Iorio, Andrea and Durante, Ofelia and Citro, Roberta and Sanz-Fernández, Cristina and Guarcello, Claudio and Tokatly, Ilya V. and Braggio, Alessandro and Rocci, Mirko and Ligato, Nadia and Zannier, Valentina and Sorba, Lucia and Bergeret, F. Sebastián and Giazotto, Francesco},
  date = {2020-08},
  journaltitle = {Nat. Nanotechnol.},
  volume = {15},
  number = {8},
  pages = {656--660},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1748-3395},
  doi = {10.1038/s41565-020-0712-7},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0712-7},
  urldate = {2023-06-26},
  abstract = {A classical battery converts chemical energy into a persistent voltage bias that can power electronic circuits. Similarly, a phase battery is a quantum device that provides a persistent phase bias to the wave function of a quantum circuit. It represents a key element for quantum technologies based on phase coherence. Here we demonstrate a phase battery in a hybrid superconducting circuit. It consists of an n-doped InAs nanowire with unpaired-spin surface states, that is proximitized by Al superconducting leads. We find that the ferromagnetic polarization of the unpaired-spin states is efficiently converted into a persistent phase bias φ0 across the wire, leading to the anomalous Josephson effect1,2. We apply an external in-plane magnetic field and, thereby, achieve continuous tuning of φ0. Hence, we can charge and discharge the quantum phase battery. The observed symmetries of the anomalous Josephson effect in the vectorial magnetic field are in agreement with our theoretical model. Our results demonstrate how the combined action of spin–orbit coupling and exchange interaction induces a strong coupling between charge, spin and superconducting phase, able to break the phase rigidity of the system.},
  issue = {8},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Electronic devices,Magnetic devices,Superconducting devices},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/W45FTK74/Strambini et al. - 2020 - A Josephson phase battery.pdf}
}

@article{szombatiJosephsonPh0junctionNanowire2016,
  title = {Josephson Φ0-Junction in Nanowire Quantum Dots},
  author = {Szombati, D. B. and Nadj-Perge, S. and Car, D. and Plissard, S. R. and Bakkers, E. P. a. M. and Kouwenhoven, L. P.},
  date = {2016-06},
  journaltitle = {Nature Phys},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {568--572},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/nphys3742},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys3742},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {A so-called Josephson ϕ0-junction based on a nanowire quantum dot is reported. By means of electrostatic gating, it is possible to controllably introduce a phase offset taking any value between 0 and π in the ground state of the junction.},
  issue = {6},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Superconducting devices,Superconducting properties and materials},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/EB2WHAM6/Szombati et al. - 2016 - Josephson ϕ0-junction in nanowire quantum dots.pdf}
}

@book{tinkhamIntroductionSuperconductivity,
  title = {Introduction to {{Superconductivity}}},
  author = {Tinkham, Michael},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {{Dover Publications}},
  isbn = {0-486-43503-2},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {454},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/BRPWIQNH/Tinkham - Introduction to Superconductivity.pdf}
}

@article{tkachovHelicalAndreevBound2013,
  title = {Helical {{Andreev}} Bound States and Superconducting {{Klein}} Tunneling in Topological Insulator {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Tkachov, G. and Hankiewicz, E. M.},
  date = {2013-08-02},
  journaltitle = {Phys. Rev. B},
  volume = {88},
  number = {7},
  eprint = {1304.1893},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  eprintclass = {cond-mat},
  pages = {075401},
  issn = {1098-0121, 1550-235X},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.88.075401},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1893},
  urldate = {2023-06-22},
  abstract = {Currently, much effort is being put into detecting unconventional p-wave superconductivity in Josephson junctions based on topological insulators (TIs). For that purpose we propose to use superconducting Klein tunneling, i.e. the reflectionless passage of Cooper pairs through a potential barrier in a gated ballistic junction. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that the supercurrent is carried by helical Andreev bound states (ABSs) characterized by spin-momentum locking similar to the normal-state carriers. We derive the spectrum of the helical ABSs and the corresponding Josephson current for a junction made on the surface of a three-dimensional TI. The superconducting Klein tunneling is predicted to yield a non-sinusoidal current-phase relation and an anomalous critical current \$I\_c\$ that does not vanish with increasing barrier strength. We also analyze the dependence of the I\_cR\_n product (where R\_n is the normal-state junction resistance) on the microscopic parameters of the superconductor/TI interface, which leads to lower I\_cR\_n values than expected from previous models of the proximity-effect Josephson junctions.},
  keywords = {Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/KF962RNN/Tkachov and Hankiewicz - 2013 - Helical Andreev bound states and superconducting K.pdf;/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/PZAUAMBD/1304.html}
}

@online{TN2513PSQUIDPracticum,
  title = {{{TN2513-P SQUID Practicum Manual}}},
  url = {https://nsweb.tn.tudelft.nl/~gsteele/SQUID_practicum/TN2513-P%20SQUID%20Practicum%20Manual.html},
  urldate = {2023-02-21},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/Y3F7JVJ2/TN2513-P SQUID Practicum Manual.html}
}

@thesis{vermeerSTMbasedScanningSQUID2021,
  title = {{{STM-based Scanning SQUID Microscopy}}: {{A}} Novel Magnetic Imaging Technique},
  author = {Vermeer, Joost},
  year = {02-07-21},
  institution = {{Leiden University}},
  location = {{Leiden}},
  abstract = {Magnetic imaging plays an essential part in measuring magnetic sources, whether they are nanoparticles, superconductor vortices, edge currents, or something else. Current techniques either lack the necessary sensitivity and spatial resolution or are too invasive to use in many applications. Scanning SQUIDs are non-invasive and have excellent sensitivity, but operate at a large distance from the surface. By integrating a SQUID into a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) we will be able to image magnetic sources within 1 nm from the surface, increasing its sensitivity and spatial resolution. It also allows us to simultaneously gather topographic information, something no other scanning SQUID can do. To achieve this, a new production method is developed to create a SQUID on top of a sharp tip. To get a continuous superconducting connection across the surface of the tip, Molybdenum Germanium is used as a superconductor, with silver SNS junctions to prevent hysteresis. Measurements on larger MoGe-Ag SQUIDs show that this design could achieve a theoretical spin sensitivity of 1 μB/ Hz at 4.2 K, with a spatial resolution of 30 nm.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/BPG2CPQG/Vermeer - 2021 - STM-based Scanning SQUID Microscopy A novel magne.pdf}
}

@thesis{yaoSpinTransportSuperconductivity2023,
  title = {Spin {{Transport}} and {{Superconductivity}} in {{Half-metallic Nanowires}} and {{Junctions}}},
  author = {Yao, Junxiang},
  date = {2023},
  institution = {{Leiden University}},
  location = {{Leiden}},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {128}
}

@article{yasuiSpontaneousEmergenceJosephson2020,
  title = {Spontaneous Emergence of {{Josephson}} Junctions in Homogeneous Rings of Single-Crystal {{Sr2RuO4}}},
  author = {Yasui, Yuuki and Lahabi, Kaveh and Becerra, Victor Fernández and Fermin, Remko and Anwar, Muhammad Shahbaz and Yonezawa, Shingo and Terashima, Takahito and Milošević, Milorad V. and Aarts, Jan and Maeno, Yoshiteru},
  date = {2020-04-09},
  journaltitle = {npj Quantum Mater.},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  issn = {2397-4648},
  doi = {10.1038/s41535-020-0223-7},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41535-020-0223-7},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  abstract = {The chiral p-wave order parameter in Sr2RuO4 would make it a special case amongst the unconventional superconductors. A consequence of this symmetry is the possible existence of superconducting domains of opposite chirality. At the boundary of such domains, the locally suppressed condensate can produce an intrinsic Josephson junction. Here, we provide evidence of such junctions using mesoscopic rings, structured from Sr2RuO4 single crystals. Our order parameter simulations predict such rings to host stable domain walls across their arms. This is verified with transport experiments on loops, with a sharp transition at 1.5\,K, which show distinct critical current oscillations with periodicity corresponding to the flux quantum. In contrast, loops with broadened transitions at around 3\,K are void of such junctions and show standard Little–Parks oscillations. Our analysis demonstrates the junctions are of intrinsic origin and makes a compelling case for the existence of superconducting domains.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Superconducting devices,Superconducting properties and materials,Topological matter},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/3ZR762JI/Yasui et al. - 2020 - Spontaneous emergence of Josephson junctions in ho.pdf}
}

@online{zhangReconfigurableMagneticfieldfreeSuperconducting2023a,
  title = {Reconfigurable Magnetic-Field-Free Superconducting Diode Effect in Multi-Terminal {{Josephson}} Junctions},
  author = {Zhang, Fan and Ahari, Mostafa Tanhayi and Rashid, Asmaul Smitha and de Coster, George J. and Taniguchi, Takashi and Watanabe, Kenji and Gilbert, Matthew J. and Samarth, Nitin and Kayyalha, Morteza},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  date = {2023-01-12},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.05081v1},
  urldate = {2023-06-13},
  abstract = {The superconducting diode effect (SDE) has attracted growing interest in recent years as it potentially enables dissipationless and directional charge transport for applications in superconducting quantum circuits. Here, we demonstrate a materials-agnostic and magnetic-field-free approach based on four-terminal Josephson junctions (JJs) to engineer a superconducting diode with a record-high efficiency (\textasciitilde{} 100\%). We show that the SDE is reconfigurable by applying control currents to different terminals. We attribute the observed SDE to the asymmetry of the effective current-phase relation (CPR), which we derive from a circuit-network model. Our findings demonstrate the emergence of a new form of the CPR in multi-terminal JJs that can emulate macroscopic transport signatures of superconducting systems with broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {{arXiv.org}},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/VCCPVF8R/Zhang et al. - 2023 - Reconfigurable magnetic-field-free superconducting.pdf}
}

@book{zhangSQUIDReadoutElectronics2020,
  title = {{{SQUID Readout Electronics}} and {{Magnetometric Systems}} for {{Practical Applications}}},
  author = {Zhang, Yi and Dong, Hui and Krause, Hans‐Joachim and Zhang, Guofeng and Xie, Xiaoming},
  date = {2020-07-20},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {{Wiley}},
  doi = {10.1002/9783527816514},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527816514},
  urldate = {2023-02-24},
  isbn = {978-3-527-34488-8 978-3-527-81651-4},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/julian/Zotero/storage/NBI3BHG2/Zhang et al. - 2020 - SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric System.pdf}
}