Improved emissions calculation

jorgecardleitao · Jan 28, 2024 · c4264a5 · c4264a5
1 parent 5bbee35
commit c4264a5
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Showing 7 changed files with 174 additions and 31 deletions.
diff --git a/examples/single_day.rs b/examples/single_day.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ async fn flight_date(
     aircrafts: &Aircrafts,
     client: Option<&fs_azure::ContainerClient>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<Event>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let consumptions = load_aircraft_consumption()?;
     let airports = airports_cached().await?;
     let aircraft_owner = aircraft_owners
         .get(tail_number)
@@ -94,43 +95,43 @@ async fn flight_date(
 
     let aircraft = aircrafts
         .get(tail_number)
-        .ok_or_else(|| Into::<Box<dyn Error>>::into("Aircraft ICAO number not found"))?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| Into::<Box<dyn Error>>::into("Aircraft transponder number"))?;
     let icao = &aircraft.icao_number;
-    log::info!("ICAO number: {}", icao);
+    log::info!("transponder number: {}", icao);
+
+    let consumption = consumptions
+        .get(&aircraft.model)
+        .ok_or_else(|| Into::<Box<dyn Error>>::into("Consumption not found"))?;
+    log::info!("Consumption: {} [gallon/h]", consumption.gph);
 
     let positions = positions(icao, date, client).await?;
     let legs = legs(positions);
 
     log::info!("Number of legs: {}", legs.len());
 
-    Ok(legs.into_iter().filter_map(|leg| {
-        let is_leg = matches!(leg.from(), Position::Grounded{..}) & matches!(leg.to(), Position::Grounded{..});
-        if !is_leg {
-            log::info!("{:?} -> {:?} skipped", leg.from(), leg.to());
-        }
-        is_leg.then_some((leg.from().clone(), leg.to().clone()))
-    }).map(|(from, to)| {
-        let emissions = emissions(from.pos(), to.pos(), Class::First);
+    Ok(legs.into_iter().map(|leg| {
+        let commercial_emissions_kg = Fact {
+            claim: emissions(leg.from().pos(), leg.to().pos(), Class::First) as usize,
+            source: "https://www.myclimate.org/en/information/about-myclimate/downloads/flight-emission-calculator/".to_string(),
+            date: "2023-10-19".to_string()
+        };
+        let emissions_kg = Fact {
+            claim: leg_co2_kg(consumption.gph as f64, leg.duration()) as usize,
+            source: "See [methodology M-7](https://github.com/jorgecardleitao/private-jets/blob/main/methodology.md)".to_string(),
+            date: time::OffsetDateTime::now_utc().date().to_string(),
+        };
 
         Event {
             tail_number: tail_number.to_string(),
-                owner: owner.clone(),
-                date: date.to_string(),
-                from_airport: closest(from.pos(), &airports).name.clone(),
-                to_airport: closest(to.pos(), &airports).name.clone(),
-                two_way: false,
-                commercial_emissions_kg: Fact {
-                    claim: emissions as usize,
-                    source: "https://www.myclimate.org/en/information/about-myclimate/downloads/flight-emission-calculator/".to_string(),
-                    date: "2023-10-19".to_string()
-                },
-                emissions_kg: Fact {
-                    claim: (emissions * 10.0) as usize,
-                    source: "Private jets emit 5-14x times. 10x was used here https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/private-jets-can-the-super-rich-supercharge-zero-emission-aviation/".to_string(),
-                    date: "2023-10-05, from 2021-05-27".to_string(),
-                },
-                source: format!("https://globe.adsbexchange.com/?icao={icao}&showTrace={date}"),
-                source_date: date.to_string(),
+            owner: owner.clone(),
+            date: date.to_string(),
+            from_airport: closest(leg.from().pos(), &airports).name.clone(),
+            to_airport: closest(leg.to().pos(), &airports).name.clone(),
+            two_way: false,
+            commercial_emissions_kg,
+            emissions_kg,
+            source: format!("https://globe.adsbexchange.com/?icao={icao}&showTrace={date}"),
+            source_date: date.to_string(),
         }
     }).collect())
 }

diff --git a/methodology.md b/methodology.md
@@ -76,7 +76,40 @@ flight in first class.
 
 Details are available in the source code, [src/emissions.rs](./src/emissions.rs).
 
-### M-6: Identify aircraft owner in Denmark
+### M-6: Consumption of private jet
+
+This was performed by a human, and consisted in going through different aircraft
+manufacturers' websites and identifying the aircrafts that were advertised as used
+for private flying.
+
+This was performed by a human, and consisted:
+* access websites of companies that sell private jets
+* extract the consumption in gallons per hour (GPH) of each private jet model
+* store it in a table with the jet's model, GPH, source and date of extraction, at [`./src/consumption.csv`](./src/consumption.csv).
+
+### M-7: Emissions of a private jet over a leg
+
+This was performed automatically by the program and consisted in performing the
+following calculation:
+
+```
+leg emissions [kg CO2] = 
+  consumption [gallon/h]
+  x liters / gallons [L/gallon]
+  x liters to kg of jet fuel [L/kg]
+  x emissions per kg [kg CO2 / kg jet fuel]
+  x leg time [h]
+```
+
+Where:
+
+* `consumption [gallon/h]` is obtained via the methodology `M-6` in this document.
+* `liters / gallons [L/gallon] = 3.78541 [L/gallon]`, as specified in [NIST's guide to SI](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf)
+* `liters to kg of jet fuel A-1 [kg/L] = 0.8 [kg/L]`, as [recommended by ICAO](https://data.icao.int/newDataPlus/content/docs/glossary.pdf)
+* `emissions per kg = 3.16 [kg CO2 / kg jet fuel]`, as used on [ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator Methodology, v12 from Sep. 2023](https://applications.icao.int/icec/Methodology%20ICAO%20Carbon%20Calculator_v12-2023.pdf) 
+* `leg time [h]` is obtained by computing the time difference between the last and first position of the leg, identified via the methodology `M-4` in this document.
+
+### M-8: Identify aircraft owner in Denmark
 
 This was performed by a human, and consisted in extracting the ownership of the active
 tail number from website https://www.danishaircraft.dk.

diff --git a/src/consumption.csv b/src/consumption.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+icao	gph	source	date
+CL30	295	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-CL-300-6	2024-01-26
+CL35	297	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-CL-350-185	2024-01-26
+CL60	329	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-CL-650-193	2024-01-26
+GLEX	512	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Global-6000-52	2024-01-26
+GL7T	528	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Global-7500-203	2024-01-26
+LJ31	202	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Learjet-31A-3	2024-01-26
+LJ40	224	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Learjet-40XR-55	2024-01-26
+LJ45	205	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Learjet-45-56	2024-01-26
+LJ60	239	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Learjet-60-59	2024-01-26
+LJ75	199	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Learjet-75-181	2024-01-26
+C25A	141	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-CJ2-74	2024-01-26
+C25B	149	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-CJ3-76	2024-01-26
+C25C	209	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-CJ4-77	2024-01-26
+C68A	315	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Latitude-192	2024-01-26
+C700	316	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Longitude-199	2024-01-26
+C25M	134	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Citation-M2-182	2024-01-26
+C510	90	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Mustang-81	2024-01-26
+C680	281	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Sovereign-82	2024-01-26
+C56X	386	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Cessna/Textron-Citation-X-86	2024-01-26
+C550	116	https://www.flyingmag.com/gear-mods-refurbish-citation-iis-sierra-style/ (775 pounds/h)	2024-01-26
+FA10	274	https://jetadvisors.com/jet/falcon-10/	2024-01-26
+FA50	356	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Dassault-Falcon-50-96	2024-01-26
+F2TH	287	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Dassault-Falcon-2000-92	2024-01-26
+FA6X	444	https://jetadvisors.com/jet/falcon-6x/	2024-01-26
+FA7X	385	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Dassault-Falcon-7X-98	2024-01-26
+FA8X	377	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Dassault-Falcon-8X-194	2024-01-26
+F900	304	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Dassault-Falcon-900LX-103	2024-01-26
+EA40	59	https://www.blade.com/eclipse400	2024-01-26
+EA50	76	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Eclipse-Aerospace-Eclipse-500-220	2024-01-26
+E50P	113	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Phenom-100-106	2024-01-26
+E55P	179	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Phenom-300-107	2024-01-26
+E545	285	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Legacy-450-196	2024-01-26
+E550	287	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Legacy-500-190	2024-01-26
+E35L	381	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Legacy-650-162	2024-01-26
+E545	287	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Praetor-500-200	2024-01-26
+E550	298	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Embraer-Praetor-600-201	2024-01-26
+GL5T	472	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Global-5500-206	2024-01-26
+GLEX	509	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Bombardier-Global-6500-204	2024-01-26
+G150	288	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G150-126	2024-01-26
+GALX	278	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G200-127	2024-01-26
+G280	286	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G280-30	2024-01-26
+GLF4	517	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G350-129	2024-01-26
+GA4C	540	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G400-(Heritage)-130	2024-01-26
+GA5C	455	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G500-211	2024-01-26
+GA6C	500	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G600-202	2024-01-26
+GLF6	500	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G650-29	2024-01-26
+GA7C	509	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Gulfstream-G700-208	2024-01-26
+GA8C	462	https://jetadvisors.com/jet/gulfstream-g800-gviii/	2024-01-26
+BE40	222	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Hawker/Textron-400XP-140	2024-01-26
+HA4T	321	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Hawker/Textron-4000-138	2024-01-26
+BE40W	152	https://planephd.com/wizard/details/967/HAWKER-400XPR-specifications-performance-operating-cost-valuation	2024-01-26
+H25B	265	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Hawker/Textron-900XP-146	2024-01-26
+HDJT	120	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Honda-Aircraft-Company-Honda-Jet-216	2024-01-26
+PC12	76	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Pilatus-PC-12-147	2024-01-26
+PC24	191	https://www.guardianjet.com/jet-aircraft-online-tools/aircraft-brochure.cfm?m=Pilatus-PC-24-215	2024-01-26
diff --git a/src/consumption.rs b/src/consumption.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, error::Error};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+pub type AircraftTypeConsumptions = HashMap<String, AircraftTypeConsumption>;
+
+/// The in-memory representation of the consumption of an aircraft type
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AircraftTypeConsumption {
+    /// the type (e.g. `CL30`)
+    pub icao: String,
+    /// the consumption in GPH
+    pub gph: usize,
+    /// the source of the consumption
+    pub source: String,
+    /// the date of when the source was retrieved
+    pub date: String,
+}
+
+/// Loads consumption from `src/consumption.csv` into memory has a map `icao: AircraftTypeConsumption`.
+/// # Error
+/// Errors if the file cannot be read
+pub fn load_aircraft_consumption() -> Result<AircraftTypeConsumptions, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    super::csv::load("src/consumption.csv", |a: AircraftTypeConsumption| {
+        (a.icao.clone(), a)
+    })
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ mod aircraft_db;
 mod aircraft_owners;
 mod aircraft_types;
 mod airports;
+mod consumption;
 mod csv;
 mod emissions;
 pub(crate) mod fs;
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ mod icao_to_trace;
 mod legs;
 mod model;
 mod owners;
+mod private_emissions;
 mod trace_month;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -18,12 +20,14 @@ pub use aircraft_db::*;
 pub use aircraft_owners::*;
 pub use aircraft_types::*;
 pub use airports::*;
+pub use consumption::*;
 pub use emissions::*;
 pub use fs::BlobStorageProvider;
 pub use icao_to_trace::*;
 pub use legs::*;
 pub use model::*;
 pub use owners::*;
+pub use private_emissions::leg_co2_kg;
 
 /// A position of an aircraft
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]

diff --git a/src/private_emissions.rs b/src/private_emissions.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+static LITER_PER_GALON: f64 = 3.78541;
+static KG_PER_LITER: f64 = 0.8;
+static EMISSIONS_PER_KG: f64 = 3.16;
+
+/// Returns the total CO2 emissions in kg of an aircraft with a given
+/// consumption (in GPH) of Jet-A fuel flying for a given amount of time,
+/// as specified in [methodology `M-7`](../methodology.md).
+pub fn leg_co2_kg(consumption: f64, duration: time::Duration) -> f64 {
+    let hours = duration.as_seconds_f64() / 60.0 / 60.0;
+    consumption * hours * LITER_PER_GALON * KG_PER_LITER * EMISSIONS_PER_KG
+}
diff --git a/tests/it/main.rs b/tests/it/main.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 use std::error::Error;
 
 use flights::Leg;
-use time::{macros::date, Date};
+use time::{
+    macros::{date, datetime},
+    Date,
+};
 
-/// Verifies that we compute the correct number of legs.
-/// The expected 2 was confirmed by manual inspection of
+/// Verifies that we compute the same number of legs and their duration
+/// as in source
 /// https://globe.adsbexchange.com/?icao=45d2ed&lat=54.128&lon=9.185&zoom=5.0&showTrace=2023-10-13
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn acceptance_legs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
@@ -13,6 +16,14 @@ async fn acceptance_legs() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     assert_eq!(legs.len(), 2);
 
+    let expected = datetime!(2023 - 10 - 13 15:24:49) - datetime!(2023 - 10 - 13 13:21:59);
+    let diff = (legs[0].duration().as_seconds_f32() - expected.as_seconds_f32()).abs();
+    assert!(diff < 300.0);
+
+    let expected = datetime!(2023 - 10 - 13 17:34:02) - datetime!(2023 - 10 - 13 15:58:33);
+    let diff = (legs[1].duration().as_seconds_f32() - expected.as_seconds_f32()).abs();
+    assert!(diff < 300.0);
+
     Ok(())
 }