15. Python on Network Automation.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python on Network Automation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Sections\n",
    "\n",
    "- Serialization\n",
    "- Pickle\n",
    "- JSON\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Pickle\n",
    "\n",
    "Data Serialization and Deserialization with Pickle\n",
    "\n",
    "Data Serialization is the process to covert Python objects into a format for storage  or transfer.\n",
    "if we try to storage a dictionary to a file, it send an error.\n",
    "\n",
    "Thi issue with picle is that is only Python propietary, non Python programs are able to load the data. Also Picke is not very secure for data transfer. A safer method is JSON."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'dict'>\n",
      "{'Dan': (20, 'London', 13242252), 'Maria': [25, 'Madrid', 34232424]}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pickle\n",
    " \n",
    "friends = {\"Dan\": (20, \"London\", 13242252), \"Maria\":[25, \"Madrid\", 34232424]}\n",
    " \n",
    "# Serializing the dictionary to binary file\n",
    "with open(\"files\\\\working\\\\friends.dat\", \"wb\") as file: \n",
    "    pickle.dump(friends, file)\n",
    " \n",
    "# Deserializing into a Python Object\n",
    "with open(\"files\\\\working\\\\friends.dat\", \"rb\") as file:\n",
    "    my_obj = pickle.load(file)\n",
    " \n",
    "    print(type(my_obj))   \n",
    "    print(my_obj)         "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## JSON \n",
    "\n",
    "JSON is another way to serialize data, one adjantage is that JSON is portable. Also is more secure than pickle.\n",
    "\n",
    "But JSON can only represent a subset of python object types.\n",
    "\n",
    "Python | JSON\n",
    "-------|-----\n",
    "dict   | object\n",
    "list,tuple|array\n",
    "set    | not JSON serializable\n",
    "str    | string\n",
    "int,float|number\n",
    "True   | true\n",
    "False  | false\n",
    "None   | null"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{\n",
      "    \"Dan\": [\n",
      "        20,\n",
      "        \"London\",\n",
      "        13242252\n",
      "    ],\n",
      "    \"Maria\": [\n",
      "        25,\n",
      "        \"Madrid\",\n",
      "        34232424\n",
      "    ]\n",
      "}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    " \n",
    "friends = {\"Dan\": (20, \"London\", 13242252), \"Maria\":[25, \"Madrid\", 34232424]}\n",
    " \n",
    "# Serializing the dictionary to a text file using dump\n",
    "with open(\"files\\\\working\\\\friends.json\", \"w\") as file:\n",
    "    json.dump(friends, file, indent=4)\n",
    " \n",
    "# Serializing the dictionary to a JSON encoded string using dumps\n",
    "my_json = json.dumps(friends, indent=4)\n",
    "print(my_json)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'dict'>\n",
      "{'Dan': [20, 'London', 13242252], 'Maria': [25, 'Madrid', 34232424]}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Deserializing from file into a Python Object\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"files\\\\working\\\\friends.json\", \"rt\") as file:\n",
    "    my_obj = json.load(file)\n",
    " \n",
    "    print(type(my_obj))  \n",
    "    print(my_obj)                "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'dict'>\n",
      "{'Dan': [20, 'London', 13242252], 'Maria': [25, 'Madrid', 34232424]}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Loading a JSON encoded string intro a Python Object\n",
    "json_string = \"\"\"\n",
    "{\n",
    "    \"Dan\": [\n",
    "        20,\n",
    "        \"London\",\n",
    "        13242252\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    \"Maria\": [\n",
    "        25,\n",
    "        \"Madrid\",\n",
    "        34232424\n",
    "    ]\n",
    "}\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "# Deserializing from a JSON string\n",
    "my_obj = json.loads(json_string)\n",
    "print(type(my_obj))   \n",
    "print(my_obj) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "JSON is very common for APIs\n",
    "\n",
    "There is a free service for testing in \n",
    "\n",
    "[jsonplaceholder](#http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
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      "{'userId': 10, 'id': 199, 'title': 'numquam repellendus a magnam', 'completed': True}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import requests\n",
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "response = requests.get(\"https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos\")\n",
    "# another_response = requests.get(\"https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users\")\n",
    "todos = json.loads(response.text)\n",
    "print(type(todos))\n",
    "# print(todos)\n",
    "for task in todos:\n",
    "    if task[\"completed\"] == True:\n",
    "        print(task)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## More excercises with encode() and decode() methods"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "abc\n",
      "<class 'bytes'>\n",
      "b'abc'\n",
      "97\n",
      "98\n",
      "99\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = \"abc\"\n",
    "b1 = s1.encode(\"utf-8\")\n",
    "print(type(s1))\n",
    "print(s1)\n",
    "print(type(b1))\n",
    "print(b1)\n",
    "print(b1[0])\n",
    "print(b1[1])\n",
    "print(b1[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "ñaA\n",
      "<class 'bytes'>\n",
      "b'\\xc3\\xb1aA'\n",
      "195\n",
      "177\n",
      "97\n",
      "ñaA\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s1 = \"ñaA\"\n",
    "b1 = s1.encode(\"utf-8\")\n",
    "print(type(s1))\n",
    "print(s1)\n",
    "print(type(b1))\n",
    "print(b1)\n",
    "print(b1[0])\n",
    "print(b1[1])\n",
    "print(b1[2])\n",
    "s3 = b1.decode()\n",
    "print(s3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using Telnet\n",
    "\n",
    "There is a internal python library."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\r\n",
      "R2#terminal length 0\r\n",
      "R2#show ip interface brief\r\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\r\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.2      YES manual up                    up      \r\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.2        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \r\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \r\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         10.2.3.2        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \r\n",
      "Loopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \r\n",
      "R2#exit\r\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import telnetlib\n",
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "host = \"172.16.1.2\"\n",
    "port = \"23\"\n",
    "user = \"****\"             # For testing purposes you can have your user in the script, bit it is not recommended\n",
    "password = \"****\"          # For testing purposes you can have your password in the script, bit it is not recommended\n",
    "\n",
    "tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host=host, port=port)\n",
    "\n",
    "tn.read_until(b\"Username: \")\n",
    "tn.write(user.encode() + b\"\\n\")\n",
    "tn.read_until(b\"Password: \")\n",
    "tn.write(password.encode() + b\"\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "tn.write(b\"terminal length 0\\n\")\n",
    "time.sleep(1)\n",
    "tn.write(b\"show ip interface brief\\n\")  # or tn.write(\"show ip interface brief\\n\".encode())\n",
    "tn.write(b\"exit\\n\")\n",
    "time.sleep(1)\n",
    "\n",
    "output = tn.read_all()\n",
    "output = output.decode()\n",
    "print(output)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter password: ········\n",
      "Connectiong to 172.16.1.1\n",
      "Exiting 172.16.1.1\n",
      "\n",
      "R1#terminal length 0\n",
      "R1#show ip interface brief\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.1      YES manual up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         10.1.3.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "R1#exit\n",
      "\n",
      "Connectiong to 172.16.1.2\n",
      "Exiting 172.16.1.2\n",
      "\n",
      "R2#terminal length 0\n",
      "R2#show ip interface brief\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.2      YES manual up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.2        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         10.2.3.2        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "Loopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "R2#exit\n",
      "\n",
      "Connectiong to 172.16.1.3\n",
      "Exiting 172.16.1.3\n",
      "\n",
      "R3#terminal length 0\n",
      "R3#show ip interface brief\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.3      YES manual up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         10.1.3.3        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         10.2.3.3        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "Loopback0                  3.3.3.3         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "R3#exit\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import telnetlib\n",
    "import time\n",
    "import getpass                             # getpass can have issues with PyCharm\n",
    "\n",
    "router1 = {\"host\": \"172.16.1.1\", \"user\": \"lolo\"}\n",
    "router2 = {\"host\": \"172.16.1.2\", \"user\": \"lolo\"}\n",
    "router3 = {\"host\": \"172.16.1.3\", \"user\": \"lolo\"}\n",
    "\n",
    "routers = [router1, router2, router3]\n",
    "\n",
    "password = getpass.getpass(\"Enter password: \")\n",
    "    \n",
    "for router in routers:\n",
    "    print(f\"Connectiong to {router['host']}\")       \n",
    "    tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host=router[\"host\"])\n",
    "    tn.read_until(b\"Username: \")\n",
    "    tn.write(router[\"user\"].encode() + b\"\\n\")\n",
    "    tn.read_until(b\"Password: \")\n",
    "    tn.write(password.encode() + b\"\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    tn.write(b\"terminal length 0\\n\")\n",
    "    time.sleep(1)\n",
    "    tn.write(b\"show ip interface brief\\n\")  # or tn.write(\"show ip interface brief\\n\".encode())\n",
    "    print(f\"Exiting {router['host']}\")      \n",
    "    tn.write(b\"exit\\n\")\n",
    "    time.sleep(1)\n",
    "\n",
    "    output = tn.read_all()\n",
    "    output = output.decode()\n",
    "    print(output)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using Paramiko\n",
    "\n",
    "Paramiko is a Python implementation of SSHv2.\n",
    "\n",
    "It is an external library (requires installation)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Connecting to ...\n",
      "Closing connection to ...\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import paramiko\n",
    "\n",
    "ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()\n",
    "# print(type(ssh_client))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Connecting to ...\")\n",
    "ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\n",
    "ssh_client.connect(hostname=\"172.16.1.1\", port=\"22\", username=\"cisco\", password=\"cisco\",\n",
    "                  look_for_keys=False, allow_agent=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "# print(ssh_client.get_transport().is_active())\n",
    "\n",
    "# sending commands\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Closing client\n",
    "print(\"Closing connection to ...\")\n",
    "ssh_client.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Connecting to 172.16.1.1\n",
      "<class 'bytes'>\n",
      "\n",
      "**************************************************************************\n",
      "* IOSv is strictly limited to use for evaluation, demonstration and IOS  *\n",
      "* education. IOSv is provided as-is and is not supported by Cisco's      *\n",
      "* Technical Advisory Center. Any use or disclosure, in whole or in part, *\n",
      "* of the IOSv Software or Documentation to any third party for any       *\n",
      "* purposes is expressly prohibited except as otherwise authorized by     *\n",
      "* Cisco in writing.                                                      *\n",
      "**************************************************************************\n",
      "R1#terminal length 0\n",
      "R1#show ip interface brief\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.1      YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         10.1.3.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "R1#\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "router = {\n",
    "    \"hostname\": \"172.16.1.1\",\n",
    "    \"port\": 22,\n",
    "    \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    \"password\": \"cisco\"\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "import paramiko\n",
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()\n",
    "# print(type(ssh_client))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Connecting to {router['hostname']}\")\n",
    "ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\n",
    "\n",
    "ssh_client.connect(**router, look_for_keys=False, allow_agent=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "# sending commands\n",
    "\n",
    "shell = ssh_client.invoke_shell()\n",
    "shell.send(\"terminal length 0\\n\")\n",
    "time.sleep(1)      \n",
    "shell.send(\"show ip interface brief\\n\")\n",
    "time.sleep(1)\n",
    "      \n",
    "output = shell.recv(10000)\n",
    "print(type(output))\n",
    "output = output.decode(\"utf-8\")\n",
    "print(output)\n",
    "      \n",
    "# Closing client\n",
    "if ssh_client.get_transport().is_active():\n",
    "    print(f\"Closing connection to {router['hostname']}\")\n",
    "    ssh_client.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Using SCP for copying files\n",
    "\n",
    "router = {\n",
    "    \"hostname\": \"172.16.1.1\",\n",
    "    \"port\": 22,\n",
    "    \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    \"password\": \"cisco\"\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "import paramiko\n",
    "import time\n",
    "from scp import SCPClient\n",
    "\n",
    "ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()              # in a cisco router you need to enable\n",
    "ssh_client.load_system_host_keys()             # ip scp server enable \n",
    "ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())\n",
    "\n",
    "ssh_client.connect(**router, look_for_keys=False, allow_agent=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "scp = SCPClient(ssh_client.get_transport())\n",
    "\n",
    "scp.get(\"e1000_bia.txt\", \"files\")           # You can also use scp.put()\n",
    "scp.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " El volumen de la unidad C no tiene etiqueta.\n",
      " El n£mero de serie del volumen es: 0CDC-AF0E\n",
      "\n",
      " Directorio de C:\\Users\\jmlom\\Documents\\GitHubRepositories\\python-notes\\files\n",
      "\n",
      "06/01/2021  19:27                79 e1000_bia.txt\n",
      "               1 archivos             79 bytes\n",
      "               0 dirs  56,229,888,000 bytes libres\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ls files\\e1000_bia.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using Netmiko\n",
    "\n",
    "Netmiko is a multi-vendor networking library based on Paramiko.\n",
    "\n",
    "Paramiko requires installation."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.1      YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         10.1.3.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "Clossing connection\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import Netmiko\n",
    "\n",
    "connection = Netmiko(host=\"172.16.1.1\", port=\"22\", username=\"cisco\", password=\"cisco\", device_type=\"cisco_ios\")\n",
    "\n",
    "output = connection.send_command(\"show ip interface brief\")\n",
    "print(output)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Clossing connection\")\n",
    "connection.disconnect()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "R1#\n",
      "Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/0         172.16.1.1      YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.2.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/2         10.1.3.1        YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "GigabitEthernet0/3         unassigned      YES NVRAM  administratively down down    \n",
      "Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES NVRAM  up                    up      \n",
      "False\n",
      "True\n",
      "False\n",
      "Clossing connection\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import ConnectHandler\n",
    "\n",
    "cisco_device = {\n",
    "    \"device_type\": \"cisco_ios\",\n",
    "    \"host\": \"172.16.1.1\",\n",
    "    \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    \"password\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    # \"port\": 22,        # default\n",
    "    # \"secret\": \"cisco\", # default\n",
    "    # \"verbose\": True    # default False\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "connection = ConnectHandler(**cisco_device)\n",
    "# connection.enable()    # if required in Cisco to enter enable or priviledge mode\n",
    "prompt = connection.find_prompt()\n",
    "print(prompt)\n",
    "\n",
    "output = connection.send_command(\"show ip interface brief\")\n",
    "print(output)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(connection.check_config_mode())\n",
    "if not connection.check_config_mode():\n",
    "    connection.config_mode()\n",
    "    print(connection.check_config_mode())\n",
    "    connection.send_command(\"username cisco2 password cisco2 priviledge 15\")\n",
    "    connection.exit_config_mode()\n",
    "    print(connection.check_config_mode())\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Clossing connection\")\n",
    "connection.disconnect()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Sending several commands"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "configure terminal\n",
      "Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.\n",
      "R1(config)#interface loopback 1\n",
      "R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.255\n",
      "R1(config-if)#exit\n",
      "R1(config)#username ansible password ansible\n",
      "R1(config)#end\n",
      "R1#\n",
      "R1#\n",
      "Building configuration...\n",
      "\n",
      "  [OK]\n",
      "Clossing connection\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import ConnectHandler\n",
    "\n",
    "cisco_device = {\n",
    "    \"device_type\": \"cisco_ios\",\n",
    "    \"host\": \"172.16.1.1\",\n",
    "    \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    \"password\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    # \"port\": 22,        # default\n",
    "    # \"secret\": \"cisco\", # default\n",
    "    # \"verbose\": True    # default False\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "connection = ConnectHandler(**cisco_device)\n",
    "# connection.enable()    # if required in Cisco to enter enable or priviledge mode\n",
    "\n",
    "commands = [\"interface loopback 1\", \"ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.255\", \"exit\", \"username ansible password ansible\"]\n",
    "output = connection.send_config_set(commands)\n",
    "print(output)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Another option\n",
    "# cmd = \"ip ssh version 2; access-list 1 permit any;ip domain name cisco.com\"\n",
    "# output = connection.send_config_set(commd.split(\";\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(connection.find_prompt())\n",
    "\n",
    "connection.send_command(\"write memory\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Clossing connection\")\n",
    "connection.disconnect()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Running commands from a file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sending commands from file\n",
      "configure terminal\n",
      "Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.\n",
      "R1(config)#router ospf 1\n",
      "R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0\n",
      "R1(config-router)#end\n",
      "R1#\n",
      "Clossing connection\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import ConnectHandler\n",
    "\n",
    "cisco_device = {\n",
    "    \"device_type\": \"cisco_ios\",\n",
    "    \"host\": \"172.16.1.1\",\n",
    "    \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    \"password\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "    # \"port\": 22,        # default\n",
    "    # \"secret\": \"cisco\", # default\n",
    "    # \"verbose\": True    # default False\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "connection = ConnectHandler(**cisco_device)\n",
    "# connection.enable()    # if required in Cisco to enter enable or priviledge mode\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Sending commands from file\")\n",
    "output = connection.send_config_from_file(\"files/working/ospf.txt\")\n",
    "print(output)\n",
    "connection.send_command(\"write memory\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Clossing connection\")\n",
    "connection.disconnect()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Configuring several routers with configuration file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sending commands from file to 172.16.1.1\n",
      "configure terminal\n",
      "Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.\n",
      "R1(config)#router ospf 1\n",
      "R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0\n",
      "R1(config-router)#end\n",
      "R1#\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.1\n",
      "########################################\n",
      "Sending commands from file to 172.16.1.2\n",
      "configure terminal\n",
      "Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.\n",
      "R2(config)#router ospf 1\n",
      "R2(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0\n",
      "R2(config-router)#end\n",
      "R2#\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.2\n",
      "########################################\n",
      "Sending commands from file to 172.16.1.3\n",
      "configure terminal\n",
      "Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.\n",
      "R3(config)#router ospf 1\n",
      "R3(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0\n",
      "R3(config-router)#end\n",
      "R3#\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.3\n",
      "########################################\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import ConnectHandler\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"files/working/routers.txt\") as file:\n",
    "    routers = file.read().splitlines()\n",
    "\n",
    "device_list = list()\n",
    "\n",
    "for ip in routers:\n",
    "    cisco_device = {\n",
    "        \"device_type\": \"cisco_ios\",\n",
    "        \"host\": ip,\n",
    "        \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "        \"password\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    device_list.append(cisco_device)\n",
    "\n",
    "for device in device_list:\n",
    "    connection = ConnectHandler(**device)\n",
    "    print(f\"Sending commands from file to {device['host']}\")\n",
    "    output = connection.send_config_from_file(\"files/working/ospf.txt\")\n",
    "    print(output)\n",
    "    connection.send_command(\"write memory\")\n",
    "    print(f\"Closing connection to {device['host']}\")\n",
    "    connection.disconnect()\n",
    "    print(\"#\"*40)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Configure Backup file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Backup of R1 completed.\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.1\n",
      "########################################\n",
      "Backup of R2 completed.\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.2\n",
      "########################################\n",
      "Backup of R3 completed.\n",
      "Closing connection to 172.16.1.3\n",
      "########################################\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from netmiko import ConnectHandler\n",
    "from datetime import datetime\n",
    "\n",
    "now = datetime.now()\n",
    "year = now.year\n",
    "month = now.month\n",
    "day = now.day\n",
    "# hour = now.hour\n",
    "# minute = now.minute\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"files/working/routers.txt\") as file:\n",
    "    routers = file.read().splitlines()\n",
    "\n",
    "device_list = list()\n",
    "\n",
    "for ip in routers:\n",
    "    cisco_device = {\n",
    "        \"device_type\": \"cisco_ios\",\n",
    "        \"host\": ip,\n",
    "        \"username\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "        \"password\": \"cisco\",\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    device_list.append(cisco_device)\n",
    "\n",
    "for device in device_list:\n",
    "    connection = ConnectHandler(**device)\n",
    "    # print(f\"Sending commands from file to {device['host']}\")\n",
    "    output = connection.send_command(\"show runn\")\n",
    "    # print(output)\n",
    "    prompt = connection.find_prompt()\n",
    "    hostname = prompt[0:-1]\n",
    "    with open(f\"files/backups/{hostname}_{day}-{month}-{year}.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n",
    "        file.write(output)\n",
    "        print(f\"Backup of {hostname} completed.\")\n",
    "    print(f\"Closing connection to {device['host']}\")\n",
    "    connection.disconnect()\n",
    "    print(\"#\"*40)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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