README.md

Openings

A hand with 12+ HCP or 13+ points and 11 HCP is sufficient for an opening. If both hands in a pair are opening hands, they can probably make a game contract. Therefore, with an opening hand, we must open to prevent a pass out.

Moreover, some hands with good distribution but poor values are suitable for an opening as well. These openings are preemptive, which focus on disturbing opponents from bidding a good contract. Criteria for these openings depend on vulnerability and seat, so there is a separate article to describe them.

Alertable openings

These conventional openings are unexpected for a random bridge player.

2♦(!)

Game forcing (24+), any distribution. This is standard in France but unexpected outside.

3NT!

Gambling 3NT, solid 7+-card minor. The standard meaning is a strong balanced hand.

4♣!, 4♦!

Namyats, preemptive 4♥ and 4♠ with excessive values.

4NT!

Unusual notrump, 6+ cards in each minor.

One-of-a-suit openings

We must bid 1 of a suit with an opening hand uneligible for a strong opening. Opening in a major requires 5+ cards, 1♦ for 4+ cards, 1♣ for 3+ cards. With the special shape 4=4=3=2, we open 1♦ as a fallback. If opener finds more than one eligible suit, bid the longest suit. If more than one eligible suit is equally long, bid the highest suit.

Do not consider suit quality. In bridge, quantity is more important than quality.

♠10 ♥1054 ♦KJ52 ♣AKJ97

Open 1♣ because clubs is the longer eligible suit.

♠J9864 ♥A8654 ♦A ♣KJ

Open 1♠ because spades is the higher eligible suit.

♠AQ73 ♥Q1087 ♦A862 ♣K

Open 1♦ because diamonds is the only eligible suit.

♠AK74 ♥AJ54 ♦J107 ♣72

Open 1♦ because no suit is eligible.

Strong notrump openings

The strong notrumps alleviate burden of suit openings. Balanced and semibalanced hands with specific strength should be opened in notrump.

1NT

15~17 HCP, balanced or pattern 5-4-2-2 or 6-3-2-2 lead by a minor.

2NT

20~21 HCP, 2~4 cards in each major, 2~5 cards in each minor.

With 1214 or 1819 HCP, we should always open 1 of a suit. A simple notrump rebid stands for weak notrump; a jump notrump rebid shows a hand between 1NT and 2NT openings.

♠54 ♥A863 ♦AQ986 ♣AJ

Open 1NT. Although this hand is not balanced, it is acceptable.

♠K9 ♥AKJ84 ♦KJ92 ♣76

Open 1♥. Always open the major with a major-dominant non-balanced hand.

♠A95 ♥KQ10 ♦AKJ6 ♣K102

Open 2NT.

♠A6 ♥KQ3 ♦K75 ♣AK987

Open 1♣. This hand is too weak for 2NT but too strong for 1NT.

Strong 2♣ & 2♦ openings

The strong 2♣ shows two kinds of invitational hands. The 2♣ is a limit bid, so the responder becomes the captain.

• 21~23 points or 4-loser hands unsuitable for a 2NT opening.
• 2223 HCP, 24 cards in each major, 2~5 cards in each minor.

The strong 2♦ shows a game-forcing hand, stronger than 2♣.

What to bid with a big hand

There are three openings describing a hand with 21+ points or 20+ HCP, viz. 2NT, 2♣, and 2♦. To better understand this section, it is recommended to revisit this section after understanding continuations after 2NT, 2♣, and 2♦.

The chance to open 2♦ is slim. Actually 2♦ is a dustbin for hands way too strong, clarifying other bids for hands with 21~23 points. With 24+ points, 24+ HCP, or 3− losers, we must open 2♦.

The frequent rebids of 2♣ openings are 2♥ through 3♦. The 2NT rebid describes a notrump hand stronger than 2NT opening. The majors promise 5+ cards, minors 6+. Therefore, hands with 5-card major, 6-card minor, or 2NT distribution are noncontroversial.

The controversial hands are hands with a singleton or a void but no 5-card major nor 6-card minor. These patterns are 4-4-4-1, 5-4-3-1, and 5-4-4-0.

If the signleton in 4-4-4-1 is an ace or a king, take this hand as notrump distribution. Bid 1 of the minor suit for the other controversial hands. A wrong 1♦ is much easier to play than a wrong 3NT.

♠AKQ108 ♥J ♦AK1064 ♣K2

Open 2♣ and prepare to rebid 2♠.

♠K2 ♥A8 ♦AK1092 ♣AQ104

Open 2♣ and prepare to rebid 2NT.

♠K ♥AQ76 ♦AK65 ♣KQ104

Open 2NT. A partially stopped 4-4-4-1 is deemed as a notrump distribution.

♠Q1064 ♥AK6 ♦Q ♣AKQ52

Open 1♣ because this hand is controversial.

♠AKJ6 ♥A93 ♦K ♣AKQJ9

Open 2♦ with such a blockbuster. There is no controversy for a blockbuster, is there?

Suit openings from 2♥ on

See preemptive openings for the first 3 seats, balancing openings for the 4th seat.

Gambling 3NT

Gambling 3NT shows a 7+-card minor lead by AKQ with no stopper in the side suits. This is a pass-or-correct bid where responder passes with 2 stopped suits.

♠642 ♥K ♦AKQ9652 ♣98

Open 3NT. Singleton king is no stopper.

♠642 ♥9 ♦AKQ9652 ♣K8

Open 1♦. Kx is half stopper.

Unusual 4NT

Unusual 4NT shows 6+ cards in each minor.