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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="generator" content="Adobe GoLive 4">
<title>HCI Lecture</title>
<style>
a {
color: #0000f1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="color: black; background-color: white;" vlink="#00aaff"
link="yellow" alink="#ff2200">
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<h1 style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">Evaluation Techniques</h1>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<hr style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; margin-left:
0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">3 goals</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li type="disc">assess the extent of the system's functionality </li>
<li type="disc">assess the effect of the interface on the user </li>
<li type="disc">identify any specific problems with the system</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"> Jonas Salk spent 98% of his time
documenting things that didn't work before he found the thing that
did </div>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">How evaluation is done depends on many factors</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li type="disc">novelty of project </li>
<li type="disc">number of expected users </li>
<li type="disc">criticality of the user interface </li>
<li type="disc">costs of product and finances allocated for
testing </li>
<li type="disc">time available </li>
<li type="disc">experience of the design and evaluation team<br>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><br>
<font size="+1">Different types of Evaluation<br>
</font></p>
<!--
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><b>Evaluating the Design</b></p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cognitive
walkthrough</span> <br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>detailed review of a sequence of actions </li>
<li>main focus is on how easy the system is to learn for a new
user </li>
<li>given:</li>
<ul>
<li>description of system prototype </li>
<li>description of task user is to perform </li>
<li>complete written list of actions user must perform </li>
<li>indication who the users are and what experience they have</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> <span style="text-decoration:
underline;">heuristic evaluation</span><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>multiple evaluators </li>
<li>main focus is evaluating early designs </li>
<li>10 heuristics </li>
<ul>
<li>visibility of system status</li>
<li>match between system and real world</li>
<li>user control and freedom</li>
<li>consistency and standards</li>
<li>error prevention</li>
<li>recognition rather than recall</li>
<li>flexibility and efficiency of use</li>
<li>aesthetic and minimalist design</li>
<li>help users recognize, diagnose, recover from errors</li>
<li>help and documentation</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> <span style="text-decoration:
underline;">review-based evaluation</span><br>
look through existing literature for previous related experiments</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> <span style="text-decoration:
underline;">model-based evaluation</span><br>
GOMS, keystroke-level model, etc <br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><b>Evaluating the Implementation</b></p>
-->
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> Qualitative <br>
Quantitative <br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> Expert reviews<br>
<br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Usability Testing</span><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>in the laboratory - controlled but may be unrealistic and
short term focus </li>
<li>in the field - longer term, more realistic but harder to
control </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>informal testing</li>
<li>thinking aloud </li>
<li>video and audio recording <br>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>tends to emphasize first time usage and limited number of
features</li>
<li>pilot studies are very important to find errors in the testing
procedure <br>
</li>
<ul>
<li>run through the entire experiment with a small group of
subjects <br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>participation should be voluntary and FULLY informed <br>
</li>
<li>user should feel they are not being tested <br
style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
</li>
<li style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">important to
collect data about the participant's background <br>
</li>
<li style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">privacy of
records is very important <br>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> Surveys <br>
</p>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
<li>Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS) <a
href="http://lap.umd.edu/quis/" target="_blank">http://lap.umd.edu/quis/</a></li>
<li>System Usability Scale (SUS) <a
href="http://www.measuringusability.com/sus.php"
target="_blank">http://www.measuringusability.com/sus.php</a></li>
<li>Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) <a
href="http://hcibib.org/perlman/question.cgi" target="_blank">http://hcibib.org/perlman/question.cgi</a><br>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
Acceptance Tests</span><br style="font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
establish
specific testable criteria for the application: </span><br
style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">
time to learn, speed of usage, rate of errors</span><br>
</p>
<center><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 800px;" alt="Study 1" src="images2/Study1.png"></center>
<center><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 800px;" alt="Study 2" src="images2/Study2.png"></center>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"><b><br>
Controlled Experiments</b></p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>come up with a hypothesis that is testable and measurable</li>
<li>set up an experiment where certain control variables are
varied <br>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>subjects</li>
<ul>
<li>match expected users</li>
<li>should have at least 10 subjects, in general more is better,
50-60 not uncommon<br>
</li>
<li>usually you pay them for participating<br>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<!--
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>variables</li>
<ul>
<li>variables that are manipulated - <span
style="text-decoration: underline;">independent
variables </span></li>
<ul>
<li>each independent variable can have a number of different
values - levels <br>
</li>
<li>variables that are measured - <span
style="text-decoration: underline;">dependent variables</span>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
<li>manipulate independent variables to produce different
conditions for comparison <br>
</li>
<li>dependent variables should be only affected by the
independent variables</li>
</ul>
</ul>
-->
<!--
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>hypothesis</li>
<ul>
<li>prediction that varying the independent variables will
affect the dependent variables in a certain way <br>
</li>
<li>goal is to show that this prediction is correct <br>
</li>
<li>disprove the null hypothesis (no difference in the dependent
variable between levels of independent variable) <br>
</li>
<li>produce values to compare to various levels of significance
<br>
</li>
<li>if its significant, at some level of certainty, that
differences would not have occurred by chance</li>
</ul>
</ul>
-->
<!--
<div style="text-align: justify; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"></div>
<ul style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">
<li>experimental method</li>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">between groups</span>
(randomized) - each subject assigned to a different condition
<br>
</li>
<ul>
<li>each user only does 1 condition <br>
</li>
<li>experimental condition - the variable has been manipulated</li>
<li>control - experimental condition without manipulating the
variable <br>
</li>
<li>need more subjects <br>
</li>
<li>differences among subjects can bias the results<span
style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">within groups</span>
<br>
</li>
<ul>
<li>each user performs under each condition <br>
</li>
<li>possible problems with transfer of learning effects <br>
</li>
<li>need fewer users</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
-->
<hr width="100%" size="2"><br>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;"> We can also get a lot of information using eye-tracking
systems telling us where people are actually looking in addition
to mouse clicks and touches telling us where they are interacting.<br>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><font face="Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif">and eye tracking is getting cheaper and more
available with gadgets like the Tobii<br>
</font></p>
<font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> examples: <a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rjha0nKbwnk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rjha0nKbwnk</a>
and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PId82ll7KrM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PId82ll7KrM</a><br>
</font>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><font face="Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif"> and also more and more data tracking users
positions, gestures, etc.<br>
</font></p>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">Video and Audio recording, especially when a subject is
speaking aloud, can be incredibly useful for finding interesting
subtle things.<br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><b>Its very important to
treat your users / test subjects well</b><br>
</font>
<p style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; text-align:
justify;">IRB (Institutional Review Board) issues<br>
<a
href="https://ttu.cayuse424.com/">Cayuse IRB (TTU Human Studies Compliance)</a>
<br>
<br>
and especially issues of informed consent<br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent"
target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informed_consent</a><br>
</p>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 1px; font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">
<span style="font-family:
Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><u>Sources: </u><br>
<i>User Interface Design</i> by Andrew Johnson<br>
<i>Information Anxiety</i> by Saul Wurman<br>
<i>The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction</i> by Stuart Card <br>
<i>Designing the User Interface</i> by Ben Schneiderman <br>
<i>Human-Computer Interaction</i> by Mullet and Sano
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>