website: remove images from integrations index page #27831

Job	Run time
test-migrations-from-stable - PostgreSQL 15-alpine	23m 42s
test-migrations-from-stable - PostgreSQL 16-alpine	23m 28s
test-unittest - PostgreSQL 15-alpine	18m 56s
test-unittest - PostgreSQL 16-alpine	20m 0s
lint (bandit)	2m 7s
lint (black)	1m 59s
test-integration	5m 40s
lint (codespell)	2m 32s
test-e2e (proxy)	7m 38s
test-migrations	2m 48s
test-e2e (oauth)	8m 46s
lint (pending-migrations)	1m 53s
test-e2e (oauth-oidc)	5m 40s
lint (ruff)	1m 49s
test-e2e (saml)	6m 4s
test-e2e (ldap)	10m 32s
test-e2e (radius)	5m 22s
test-e2e (scim)	5m 1s
test-e2e (flows)	4m 58s
ci-core-mark	3s
build / build-server-amd64 / Build amd64	7m 17s
build / build-server-arm64 / Build arm64	6m 38s
build / get-tags	5s
build / merge-server	0s
pr-comment	5s
	2h 53m 3s

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