diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 3f2a2db..04eca0a 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: "v0.4.4"
+    rev: "v0.4.10"
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--fix, --show-fixes]
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ repos:
       - id: trailing-whitespace
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.1.0
+    rev: 24.4.2
     hooks:
     - id: black
diff --git a/fhirflat/__init__.py b/fhirflat/__init__.py
index d886e4c..c6d13c4 100644
--- a/fhirflat/__init__.py
+++ b/fhirflat/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 fhirflat is a library for transforming FHIR resources in NDJSON or native Python
 dictionaries to a flat structure that can be written to a Parquet file.
 """
+
 from .resources import (
     Condition,
     Encounter,
diff --git a/fhirflat/resources/extension_validators.py b/fhirflat/resources/extension_validators.py
index ec2fe24..322f0b8 100644
--- a/fhirflat/resources/extension_validators.py
+++ b/fhirflat/resources/extension_validators.py
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ def fhir_model_validator(
         self, model_name: str, v: Union[StrBytes, dict, Path, FHIRAbstractModel]
     ):
         """ """
-        model_class: Type[BaseModel] | Type[
-            FHIRAbstractModel
-        ] = self.get_fhir_model_class(model_name)
+        model_class: Type[BaseModel] | Type[FHIRAbstractModel] = (
+            self.get_fhir_model_class(model_name)
+        )
 
         if isinstance(v, (str, bytes)):
             try:
diff --git a/fhirflat/resources/extensions.py b/fhirflat/resources/extensions.py
index b0e071c..fcc9f49 100644
--- a/fhirflat/resources/extensions.py
+++ b/fhirflat/resources/extensions.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 .. _FHIR resources: https://pypi.org/project/fhir.resources/
 
 """
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any, Union
diff --git a/fhirflat/resources/patient.py b/fhirflat/resources/patient.py
index 30931c1..fa7d20e 100644
--- a/fhirflat/resources/patient.py
+++ b/fhirflat/resources/patient.py
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@
 
 
 class Patient(_Patient, FHIRFlatBase):
-    extension: list[
-        Union[ageType, birthSexType, raceType, fhirtypes.ExtensionType]
-    ] = Field(
-        None,
-        alias="extension",
-        title="Additional content defined by implementations",
-        description=(
-            """
+    extension: list[Union[ageType, birthSexType, raceType, fhirtypes.ExtensionType]] = (
+        Field(
+            None,
+            alias="extension",
+            title="Additional content defined by implementations",
+            description=(
+                """
             Contains the G.H 'age' and 'birthSex' extensions,
             and allows extensions from other implementations to be included."""
-        ),
-        # if property is element of this resource.
-        element_property=True,
-        union_mode="smart",
+            ),
+            # if property is element of this resource.
+            element_property=True,
+            union_mode="smart",
+        )
     )
 
     # attributes to exclude from the flat representation