UART

UART initialisation

1. Activate clock gate controls for your desired UART and GPIO ports:

   • UART clock gate control is under the RCGC1 register
   • GPIO clock gate control is under the RCGC2 register

2. Configure the UART registers:

   • Disable the UART module using UARTEN under the UARTCTL

   • Calculate/Set the Baud Rate's Integer and Fractional value:

     • UARTIBRD = (Clock speed / (16 * Desired Baud rate))

       • `ie: (50,000,000 / (16 * 115,200)) = (27.1267) = 27`

     • UARTFBRD = (UARTIBRD's -nth remainder * 64 + 0.5)

       • `ie: (0.1267 * 64 + 0.5) = 8 `

   • Set the number of bits to be transmited using WLEN under the UARTLCRH register
   • Enable FIFO using FEN under the UARTLCRH register
   • Re-enable the UART module using UARTEN under the UARTCTL register

3. Configure the GPIO registers:

   • Enable Alternative Function for UART's TX and RX under the GPIOAFSEL register
   • Enable Digital Pins for UART's TX and RX under the GPIODEN register

   • Configure which bits in the GPIOPCTL register need be the alternative function

     • `ie: GPIO_PORTA_PCTL_R = (GPIO_PORTA_PCTL_R&0xFFFFFF00)+0x00000011; `

   • Disable analog functionality on TX and RX bits under the GPIOAMSEL register

void UART_Init(void){
  // Step 1:
  SYSCTL_RCGC1_R |= 0x00000001; // activate UART0
  SYSCTL_RCGC2_R |= 0x00000001; // activate port A
  
  // Step 2:
  UART0_CTL_R &= ~0x00000001; // disable UART
  UART0_IBRD_R = 27;  // IBRD = int(50,000,000 / (16 * 115,200)) = int(27.1267)
  UART0_FBRD_R = 8;   // FBRD = int(0.1267 * 64 + 0.5) = 8                     
  UART0_LCRH_R = (0x00000060|0x00000010); // 8 bit word length 
  UART0_CTL_R |= 0x00000001; // enable UART
  
  // Step 3:
  GPIO_PORTA_AFSEL_R |= 0x03;  // enable alt funct on PA1-0
  GPIO_PORTA_DEN_R |= 0x03;  // enable digital I/O on PA1-0                                  
  GPIO_PORTA_PCTL_R = (GPIO_PORTA_PCTL_R&0xFFFFFF00)+0x00000011;  // configure PA1-0 as UART
  GPIO_PORTA_AMSEL_R &= ~0x03;  // disable analog functionality on PA
}

UART device driver routine (input)

1. Check RXFE (Recievier FIFO Empty) flag under the UARTFR register:

   • Keep checking RXFE until the flag is 0 (1 = Empty | 0 = Not empty)

2. Once RXFE flag is 0 (RXFE is not empty):

   • Read the data from UARTDR register (read only the first 8 bits: UARTDR&0xFF)
   • Return the data

unsigned char UART_InChar(void){
    while((UART0_FR_R&0x00000010) != 0); // Step 1
    return((unsigned char)(UART0_DR_R&0xFF)); // Step 2
}

UART device driver routine (output)

1. Check TXFF (Transmit FIFO Full) flag under the UARTFR register:

   • Keep checking TXFF until the flag is 0 (1 = Full | 0 = Not full)

2. Once TXFF flag is 0 (TXFF is not full):

   • Write the data into the UARTDR's data register

void UART_OutChar(unsigned char data){
    while((UART0_FR_R&UART_FR_TXFF) != 0); // Step 1
    UART0_DR_R = data; // Step 2
}