C++ links: Building, Build Systems, and Build Performance Optimization
See also:
- Build Systems à la Carte
- Microsoft Research 2018
- Andrey Mokhov, Neil Mitchell, Simon Peyton Jones
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/build-systems-la-carte/
- https://github.com/snowleopard/build
- https://blogs.ncl.ac.uk/andreymokhov/the-task-abstraction/
- https://blogs.ncl.ac.uk/andreymokhov/build-systems-a-la-carte/
- https://icfp18.sigplan.org/event/icfp-2018-papers-build-systems-a-la-carte
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQVT6wiwCxM
- Build Systems à La Carte: Theory and Practice
- Journal of Functional Programming 30 (2020)
- Andrey Mokhov, Neil Mitchell, Simon Peyton Jones
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956796820000088
- Build System Rules and Algorithms
- Mike Shal (2009)
- http://gittup.org/tup/build_system_rules_and_algorithms.pdf
- Build System Partial Updates - http://gittup.org/blog/2014/09/11-build-system-partial-updates/
- Clobber Builds - Mike Shal
- Part 1 - Missing Dependencies - http://gittup.org/blog/2014/03/6-clobber-builds-part-1---missing-dependencies/
- Part 2 - Fixing Missing Dependencies - http://gittup.org/blog/2014/05/7-clobber-builds-part-2---fixing-missing-dependencies/
- Part 3 - Other Clobber Causes - http://gittup.org/blog/2014/06/8-clobber-builds-part-3---other-clobber-causes/
- Part 4 - Fixing Other Clobber Causes - http://gittup.org/blog/2015/03/13-clobber-builds-part-4---fixing-other-clobber-causes/
- Correct, Efficient, and Tailored: The Future of Build Systems
- IEEE Software, vol. 35, no. 2, 2018
- G. Maudoux and K. Mens
- https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MS.2018.111095025
- The C++ Build Process Explained
- Caching Function Calls Using Precise Dependencies
- Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI) 2000
- Allan Heydon, Roy Levin, Yuan Yu
- http://www.vestasys.org/doc/pubs/pldi-00-04-20.pdf
- Vesta Configuration Management System - http://www.vestasys.org/#publications
- cHash: Detection of Redundant Compilations via AST Hashing
- USENIX Annual Technical Conference 2017
- Christian Dietrich, Valentin Rothberg, Ludwig Füracker, Andreas Ziegler, Daniel Lohmann
- https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc17/technical-sessions/presentation/dietrich
- cHash Compiler Plugins and related tools - https://github.com/luhsra/chash
- A Model for Detecting Faults in Build Specifications
- SPLASH 2020 OOPSLA
- Thodoris Sotiropoulos, Stefanos Chaliasos, Dimitris Mitropoulos, Diomidis Spinellis
- https://2020.splashcon.org/details/splash-2020-oopsla/20/A-Model-for-Detecting-Faults-in-Build-Specifications
- https://dimitro.gr/assets/papers/SCMS20.pdf
- BuildFS: A dynamic method for detecting faults in incremental and parallel builds
- Detecting Incorrect Build Rules
- International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) 2019
- Nandor Licker, Andrew Rice
- https://2019.icse-conferences.org/details/icse-2019-Technical-Papers/82/Detecting-Incorrect-Build-Rules
- https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288468
- mkcheck: Incremental Build Verification
- Escaping Dependency Hell: Finding Build Dependency Errors with the Unified Dependency Graph
- International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) 2020
- Gang Fan, Chengpeng Wang, Rongxin Wu, Qingkai Shi, Charles Zhang
- https://qingkaishi.github.io/public_pdfs/ISSTA20-VeriBuild.pdf
- https://veribuild.github.io/
- https://conf.researchr.org/details/issta-2020/issta-2020-papers/38/Escaping-Dependency-Hell-Finding-Build-Dependency-Errors-with-the-Unified-Dependency
- Forward build systems, formally
- Certified Programs and Proofs (CPP) 2022
- Sarah Spall, Neil Mitchell, Sam Tobin-Hochstadt
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3497775.3503687
- https://popl22.sigplan.org/details/CPP-2022-papers/14/Forward-build-systems-formally
- Identifying Bugs in Make and JVM-Oriented Builds
- 2020
- Thodoris Sotiropoulos, Stefanos Chaliasos, Dimitris Mitropoulos, Diomidis Spinellis
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06881
- Oops, My Tests Broke the Build: An Explorative Analysis of Travis CI with GitHub
- Mining Software Repositories (MSR) 2017
- M. Beller, G. Gousios, A. Zaidman
- http://www.gousios.gr/pub/tests-broke-build-explorative-analysis-travis-ci-github.pdf
- https://www.slideshare.net/inventitech/oops-my-tests-broke-the-build-an-explorative-analysis-of-travis-ci-with-github
- Programmers’ Build Errors: A Case Study (at Google)
- International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) 2014
- Hyunmin Seo, Caitlin Sadowski, Sebastian Elbaum, Edward Aftandilian, Robert Bowdidge
- https://research.google.com/pubs/pub42184.html
- Automatic Object Linkage, with Include Graphs (Source code sharing without static libraries)
- 2018; Thomas Young
- https://upcoder.com/19/automatic-object-linkage-with-include-graphs
- Build Predictor: More Accurate Missed Dependency Prediction in Build Configuration Files
- Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2014)
- Bo Zhou, Xia Xin, David Lo, Xinyu Wang
- http://www.mysmu.edu/faculty/davidlo/papers/compsac14-dependency.pdf
- https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Build-Predictor%3A-More-Accurate-Missed-Dependency-in-Zhou-Xia/a4d4b05c8594fc7358a89f0afffb7e405b65fa0d
- Build Scripts with Perfect Dependencies
- SPLASH 2020 OOPSLA
- Sarah Spall, Neil Mitchell, Sam Tobin-Hochstadt
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.12737
- https://2020.splashcon.org/details/splash-2020-oopsla/45/Build-Scripts-with-Perfect-Dependencies
- Program Repository
- LLVM with Program Repository Support - https://github.com/SNSystems/llvm-project-prepo
- Program Repository: What’s the Idea?
- Early Overview
- Toy programming demo of a repository for statically compiled programs
- 2016 US LLVM Developers' Meeting; Paul Bowen-Huggett
- https://llvm.org/devmtg/2016-11/Slides/Bowen-Hugett-ToyProgrammingDemo.pdf
- https://youtu.be/-pL94rqyQ6c
- Targeting a statically compiled program repository with LLVM
- 2019 EuroLLVM Developers’ Meeting; Phil Camp, Russell Gallop
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlQyEBDnDJE
- http://llvm.org/devmtg/2019-04/slides/Lightning-Camp-Program_Repo.pdf
- LLVM Build Times Using a Program Repository
- Compile Faster with the Program Repository and ccache
- 2020 European LLVM Developers Meeting; Ying Yi, Paul Bowen-Huggett
- http://www.llvm.org/devmtg/2020-04/talks.html#LightningTalk_51
- https://www.snsystems.com/technology/tech-blog/compile-faster-with-the-program-repository-and-ccache
- mtime comparison considered harmful
- "tl;dr: Rebuilding a target because its mtime is older than the mtimes of its dependencies, like make does, is very error prone. redo does it better, and so can you."
- https://apenwarr.ca/log/20181113
- Non-recursive Make Considered Harmful
- Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Haskell, 2016
- Andrey Mokhov, Neil Mitchell, Simon Peyton Jones, Simon Marlow
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/non-recursive-make-considered-harmful/
- https://simonmar.github.io/bib/shake-2016_abstract.html
- Recursive Make Considered Harmful
- Journal of AUUG Inc, 19(1):14–25, 1998
- Peter Miller
- https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.2572&rank=1
- http://sites.e-advies.nl/nonrecursive-make.html
- Using Active Learning to Find High-Fidelity Builds
- Mining Software Repositories (MSR) 2022
- Harshitha Menon, Konstantinos Parasyris, Todd Gamblin, Tom Scogland
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.05223
- https://conf.researchr.org/details/msr-2022/msr-2022-technical-papers/41/Using-Active-Learning-to-Find-High-Fidelity-Builds
- Build in the Cloud
- Accessing Source Code: http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/06/build-in-cloud-accessing-source-code.html
- How the Build System works: http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/08/build-in-cloud-how-build-system-works.html
- Distributing Build Steps: http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/09/build-in-cloud-distributing-build-steps.html
- Distributing Build Outputs: http://google-engtools.blogspot.com/2011/10/build-in-cloud-distributing-build.html
- CloudBuild: Microsoft’s Distributed and Caching Build Service
- International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) 2016
- Hamed Esfahani, Jonas Fietz, Qi Ke, Alexei Kolomiets, Erica Lan, Erik Mavrinac, Wolfram Schulte, Newton Sanches, Srikanth Kandula
- https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2889222
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/cloudbuild-microsofts-distributed-and-caching-build-service/
- Distributed cloud builds for everyone
- https://blog.nelhage.com/post/distributed-builds-for-everyone/
- llama: A CLI for outsourcing computation to Amazon Lambda
- From Laptop to Lambda: Outsourcing Everyday Jobs to Thousands of Transient Functional Containers
- 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
- Sadjad Fouladi, Francisco Romero, Dan Iter, Qian Li, Shuvo Chatterjee, Christos Kozyrakis, Matei Zaharia, Keith Winstein
- https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc19/presentation/fouladi
- Outsourcing Everyday Jobs to Thousands of Cloud Functions with gg
- gg: The Stanford Builder
- Scalable Build Service System with Smart Scheduling Service
- International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) 2020
- Kaiyuan Wang, Greg Tener, Vijay Gullapalli, Xin Huang, Ahmed Gad, Daniel Rall
- https://kaiyuanw.github.io/papers/paper24-issta20.pdf
- https://conf.researchr.org/details/issta-2020/issta-2020-papers/6/Scalable-Build-Service-System-with-Smart-Scheduling-Service
- A Sound and Optimal Incremental Build System with Dynamic Dependencies
- SPLASH 2015 OOPSLA
- Sebastian Erdweg, Moritz Lichter, Manuel Weiel
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsgLSDMLLTo
- https://2015.splashcon.org/event/oopsla2015-a-sound-and-optimal-incremental-build-system
- Bringing Incremental Builds to Continuous Integration
- SaTToSE (Seminar Series on Advanced Techniques & Tools for Software Evolution) 2017
- Guillaume Maudoux and Kim Mens
- https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal:189543
- http://sattose.wdfiles.com/local--files/2017:schedule/SATToSE_2017_paper_3.pdf
- Constructing Hybrid Incremental Compilers for Cross-Module Extensibility with an Internal Build System
- ‹Programming› 2020
- Jeff Smits, Gabriël Konat, Eelco Visser
- https://2020.programming-conference.org/details/programming-2020-papers/16/Constructing-Hybrid-Incremental-Compilers-for-Cross-Module-Extensibility-with-an-Inte
- Enabling Fine-Grained Incremental Builds by Making Compiler Stateful
- International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO) 2024
- Ruobing Han, Jisheng Zhao, Hyesoon Kim
- https://conf.researchr.org/details/cgo-2024/cgo-2024-main-conference/27/Enabling-Fine-Grained-Incremental-Builds-by-Making-Compiler-Stateful
- How does Google avoid clean builds?
- common failure modes affecting incremental builds that are often fixed by running clean builds
- https://jmmv.dev/2020/12/google-no-clean-builds.html
- Incremental Whole Program Optimization and Compilation
- CGO 2017
- Patrick W. Sathyanathan, Wenlei He, Ten H. Tzen
- http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3049857
- Riker: Always-Correct and Fast Incremental Builds from Simple Specifications
- 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)
- Charlie Curtsinger, Daniel W. Barowy
- https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc22/presentation/curtsinger
- https://github.com/curtsinger-lab/riker
- Scalable Incremental Building with Dynamic Task Dependencies
- Automated Software Engineering (ASE) 2018
- Gabriël Konat, Sebastian Erdweg, Eelco Visser
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3238196
- https://eelcovisser.org/post/306/scalable-incremental-building-with-dynamic-task-dependencies
- https://www.student.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/~xx00seba/publications/pie-scalable-incremental-build.pdf
- An introduction to deterministic builds with C/C++
- Automated Localization for Unreproducible Builds
- ICSE 2018
- Zhilei Ren, He Jiang, Jifeng Xuan, Zijiang Yang
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.06766
- https://blog.acolyer.org/2018/06/22/automated-localization-for-unreproducible-builds/
- Deterministic builds with Clang and LLD
- Reproducible Builds — a set of software development practices that create an independently-verifiable path from source to binary code
- 2 tips to make your C++ projects compile 3 times faster
- Tip #1: Distributing compilation load
- Tip #2: Using a distcc server container
- https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/05/15/2-tips-to-make-your-c-projects-compile-3-times-faster/
- 30% faster Windows builds with clang-cl and the new
/Zc:dllexportInlines-
flag - Anders Schau Knatten
- Another Reason to Avoid #includes in Headers
- How to avoid includes in headers
- Aras Pranckevičius
- Unreasonable Effectiveness of Profilers (profiling the build system) - http://aras-p.info/blog/2017/08/08/Unreasonable-Effectiveness-of-Profilers/
- Forced Inlining Might Be Slow - https://aras-p.info/blog/2017/10/09/Forced-Inlining-Might-Be-Slow/
- Best unknown MSVC flag: d2cgsummary - https://aras-p.info/blog/2017/10/23/Best-unknown-MSVC-flag-d2cgsummary/
- Slow to Compile Table Initializers - https://aras-p.info/blog/2017/10/24/Slow-to-Compile-Table-Initializers/
- Investigating compile times, and Clang -ftime-report - http://aras-p.info/blog/2019/01/12/Investigating-compile-times-and-Clang-ftime-report/
- Another cool MSVC flag: /d1reportTime
- http://aras-p.info/blog/2019/01/21/Another-cool-MSVC-flag-d1reportTime/
- Reports where the compiler frontend spends time.
- Passing /d1reportTime to the MSVC compiler (cl.exe) will make it print:
- Which header files are included (hierarchically), with time taken for each,
- Which classes are being parsed, with time taken for each,
- Which functions are being parsed, with time taken for each.
- Big Project Build Times–Chromium
- Build Throughput Series
- Template Metaprogramming Fundamentals
- More Efficient Template Metaprogramming
- C++ Compilation Speed
- Walter Bright - DDJ, August 17, 2010
- https://digitalmars.com/articles/b54.html
- http://www.drdobbs.com/cpp/c-compilation-speed/228701711
- C++ Compilation: Fixing It
- Faster C++ builds
- Identifying and Understanding Header File Hotspots in C/C++ Build Processes
- Automated Software Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2016
- Shane McIntosh, Bram Adams, Meiyappan Nagappan, Ahmed E. Hassan
- http://rebels.ece.mcgill.ca/journalpaper/2015/07/08/identifying-and-understanding-header-file-hotspots-in-c-cpp-build-processes.html
- Improving C++ Builds with Split DWARF
- Improving Compilation Time of C/C++ Projects
- Investigating C++ compile times
- My journey investigating slow compile times in C++
- Useful tools to investigate C++ compile times
- Understanding MSBuild to create flame graphs
- Improving C++ compile times using flame graphs
- Getting data from C++ Build Insights SDK
- Native Build System for Unity Builds with Sophisticated Bundle Strategies
- IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems 104.1 (2021)
- Takafumi Kubota, Kenji Kono
- https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2020EDP7105
- Optimizing the unoptimizable: a journey to faster C++ compile times
- 2024-01-06; Victor Zverovich
- https://vitaut.net/posts/2024/faster-cpp-compile-times/
- Physical Design of The Machinery
- Precompiled headers
- 2023; MaskRay (Fangrui Song)
- https://maskray.me/blog/2023-07-16-precompiled-headers
- Reducing Build Time through Precompilations for Evolving Large Software
- International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM) 2005
- Yu, Yijun; Dayani-Fard, Homayoun; Mylopoulos, John and Andritsos, Periklis
- http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Eperiklis/pubs/icsm05.pdf
- http://oro.open.ac.uk/6944/
- The Little Things: Speeding up C++ compilation
- To Unify or Not to Unify: A Case Study on Unified Builds (in WebKit)
- Compiler Construction (CC) 2019
- Takafumi Kubota, Yusuke Suzuki, and Kenji Kono
- https://doi.org/10.1145/3302516.3307347
- Cotire (compile time reducer)
- a CMake module that speeds up the build process of CMake based build systems by fully automating techniques as precompiled header usage and single compilation unit builds for C and C++.
- https://github.com/sakra/cotire
- C++ Build Benchmarks
- https://build-bench.com/
- Docker runner for build-bench
- C++ Compile Health Watchdog
- Benchmark and accountability tool for C++ compile-time overhead / compile-time health.
- https://github.com/Philip-Trettner/cpp-compile-overhead
- Results: https://artificial-mind.net/projects/compile-health/
- Clang -ftime-trace and ftime-trace-granularity=N
- http://releases.llvm.org/9.0.0/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html#new-compiler-flags
- Clang Time Trace Feature
- Clang Build Analyzer
- Clang build analysis tool using -ftime-trace
- https://github.com/aras-p/ClangBuildAnalyzer
- https://aras-p.info/blog/2019/09/28/Clang-Build-Analyzer/
- time-trace: timeline / flame chart profiler for Clang
- compile-time-perf: Measures high-level timing and memory usage metrics during compilation
- compile-time-perf (CTP) is designed to be a high-level "profiler" for compiling large projects. It is designed to be simple to install, compiler and language agnostic, and included as part of CI. It is not intended to replace compiler flags like -ftime-trace but supplement them.
- https://github.com/jrmadsen/compile-time-perf
- CompileScore: Visual Studio extension and standalone app for build times and compilation data visualization
- ctbench: Compile-time benchmark and analysis for Clang
- https://github.com/JPenuchot/ctbench
- ctbench: compile time benchmarking for Clang - Jules Pénuchot - CPPP 2021
- CTMark (Compile Time Mark)
- Metabench: A simple framework for compile-time microbenchmarks
- Templight: Template Instantiation Profiler and Debugger
- a Clang-based tool to profile the time and memory consumption of template instantiations and to perform interactive debugging sessions to gain introspection into the template instantiation process
- https://github.com/mikael-s-persson/templight
- Use templight and Templar to debug C++ templates
- Templight: A Clang Extension for Debugging and Profiling C++ Template Metaprograms
- 2015 EuroLLVM Developers’ Meeting, Zoltan Porkolab
- https://llvm.org/devmtg/2015-04/slides/EuroLLVM2015Templight.pdf
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djAPtopWhRU
- Visual C++
- vcperf: A build analysis tool for the MSVC toolchain
- CPP-LIT: C++ Library Include Times
- Time to #include standard library and other C++ headers
- https://github.com/s9w/cpp-lit
- MSBuild Flame Graph: Turns MSBuild executions into flame graphs
- C++ Build Analyzer: Analyzes MSVC C++ compilations with C++ Build Insights SDK
- C++ Build Insights
- Code samples for the C++ Build Insights SDK
- Get started with C++ Build Insights
- Introducing C++ Build Insights
- Analyze your builds programmatically with the C++ Build Insights SDK
- Finding build bottlenecks with C++ Build Insights
- Faster builds with PCH suggestions from C++ Build Insights
- Improving code generation time with C++ Build Insights
- Introducing vcperf /timetrace for C++ build time analysis
- Faster C++ builds, simplified: a new metric for time
- the wall clock time responsibility (WCTR): can be used to estimate how much time is really spent by each activity in your build, even in the presence of parallelism.
- https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/faster-cpp-builds-simplified-a-new-metric-for-time/
- BuildCache: A build cache
- ccache: A Fast C/C++ Compiler Cache
- distcc: A free distributed C/C++ compiler system
- icecream: Distributed compiler with a central scheduler to share build load
- recc: Remote Execution Caching Compiler: a cross between ccache and distcc using the Remote Execution APIs
- sccache - Shared Compilation Cache
- cpp-dependencies: Tool to check C++ #include dependencies (dependency graphs created in .dot format)
- Header Hero: optimizing C++ codebase header #include dependencies
- A tool for optimizing C++ header files and reducing build times.
- https://github.com/niklas-ourmachinery/bitsquid-header-hero
- https://bitsquid.blogspot.com/2011/10/caring-by-sharing-header-hero.html
- https://aras-p.info/blog/2018/01/17/Header-Hero-Improvements/
- include-what-you-use
- A tool for use with clang to analyze #includes in C and C++ source files
- https://include-what-you-use.org/
- https://github.com/include-what-you-use/include-what-you-use
- Common-sense acceleration of your MLOC build
- CppCon 2014; Matt Hargett
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4M3yG1dWho
- Compiling C++ is slow - let's go faster
- StockholmCpp 2020; Tobias Hieta
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4pyOtawqjg
- https://gist.github.com/tru/ad677ba2b1d543e238b0e09eb3aad3ac
- Improving C++ Compilation Times: Tools & Techniques
- LLVM Compile-Time: Challenges. Improvements. Outlook.
- 2017 LLVM Developers’ Meeting; Michael Zolotukhin
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYHMwyyZ6Mk
- Optimizing builds on Windows
- 2019 LLVM Developers’ Meeting; Alexandre Ganea
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usPL_DROn4k
- https://llvm.org/devmtg/2019-10/slides/Ganea-OptimizingBuildesOnWindows.pdf
- Optimizing compilation times with Templates
- CppCon 2017: Eddie Elizondo
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPWQ7xKfIHQ
- https://github.com/eduardo-elizondo/cppcon2017
- Practical Techniques for Improving C++ Build Times
- CppCon 2017; Dmitry Panin
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8UoYG4dvH8
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to Faster Builds
- Viktor Kirilov
- slides: https://slides.com/onqtam/faster_builds
- CppOnSea 2019 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anbOy47fBYI
- C++ Russia 2019 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rRLHRRqg5A
- code::dive 2018
- Build System Shootout: Comparison of build program expressive power
- Bear: Build EAR - a tool that generates a compilation database for Clang tooling
- blight: a framework for wrapping and instrumenting build tools
- https://github.com/trailofbits/blight
- High-fidelity build instrumentation with blight
- Build Interceptor
- a collection of scripts for recording the .i files generated during a build of C or C++ programs with the GCC toolchain
- https://github.com/dsw/build-interceptor
- build-bom: Dynamically discover the commands used to create a piece of software
- Compilation Database
- JSON Compilation Database Format Specification
- Compilation Database Tips Documentation - Guillaume Papin "Sarcasm"
- compdb: the Compilation Database Swiss Army Knife
- Build your first Clang compilation database plugin
- FOSDEM 2024
- Pascal Jungblut
- https://fosdem.org/2024/schedule/event/fosdem-2024-2706-build-your-first-clang-compilation-database-plugin/
- TraceCode: Trace a build to find out which source files are built in a binary
- https://github.com/nexB/tracecode-toolkit
- Debug your build by tracing and reversing: stracing your build from sources to binaries
- Autoconf / Automake Basics
- Mark K. Kim; Linux Users' Group of Davis. March 2, 2004.
- https://www.lugod.org/presentations/autotools/presentation/autotools.pdf
- Autotools Mythbuster
- "Autotools Mythbuster is a no-nonsense guide to Autotools, written with the idea of providing a full, integrated view of the tools in the GNU build chain: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, and so on."
- https://autotools.io/
- Autotools Tutorial
- Autotools Tutorial for Beginners
- Autotools, 2nd Edition
- A Practitioner's Guide to GNU Autoconf, Automake, and Libtool
- 2019; John Calcote
- https://nostarch.com/autotools2e
- Chapter 2: A Brief Introduction to the GNU Autotools
- Autotools: A Demystification Tutorial
- Autotools: a practitioner's guide to Autoconf, Automake and Libtool
- Four Languages and Lots of Macros: Analyzing Autotools Build Systems
- GPCE 2017
- Jafar M. Al-Kofahi, Suresh Kothari, Christian Kästner
- https://conf.researchr.org/event/gpce-2017/gpce-2017-gpce-2017-four-languages-and-lots-of-macros-analyzing-autotools-build-systems
- https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ckaestne/pdf/gpce17.pdf
- GNU Autoconf: A uniform means of creating makefiles at build time
- GNU Autoconf, Automake and Libtool
- Minimal autotools template for C++11/14 projects
- Minimal autotools template for C/C++ library projects
- Bazel: a fast, scalable, multi-language and extensible build system
- Awesome Bazel: A curated list of Bazel rules, tooling and resources.
- bazel-tools: Tools for dealing with very large Bazel-managed repositories
- Bazel How to build at Google scale?
- FOSDEM 2017; Klaus Aehlig
- https://archive.fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/bazel/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOUwu0myF8M
- External C++ dependency management in Bazel
- Faster Bazel builds with remote caching: a benchmark
- Your Build in a Datacenter: Remote Caching and Execution in Bazel
- FOSDEM 2018; Jakob Buchgraber
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrTun05W5g4
- https://fosdem.org/2018/schedule/event/datacenter_build/
- Boost.Build - http://www.boost.org/build/
- Understanding Boost.Build
- Complete Overview on Boost.Jam and Boost.Build
- BoostCon 2011; Boris Schaeling
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgYwvzUUupM
- https://github.com/boostcon/2011_presentations/raw/master/mon/Boost.Build.pdf
- Buck2: A large-scale build tool
- build2: C++ Build Toolchain
- C++ Dependency Management: from Package Consumption to Project Development
- CppCon 2018; Boris Kolpackov
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nni2Qu2WitY
- Awesome CMake
- A curated list of awesome CMake scripts, modules, examples and others
- https://github.com/onqtam/awesome-cmake
- C++/CMake modern boilerplate
- CMake: config mode of find_package command (examples)
- CMake cookbook recipes
- CMake Examples
- cpp_starter_project: A template CMake project to get you started with C++ and tooling
- learning-cmake: a simple CMake tutorial project which contains some different scenarios
- Modern CMake Examples
- Polly: Collection of CMake toolchain files and scripts for cross-platform build and CI testing (GCC, Visual Studio, iOS, Android, Clang analyzer, sanitizers etc.)
- Alex Reinking
- Building a Dual Shared and Static Library with CMake
- How to Use CMake Without the Agonizing Pain
- An Introduction to Modern CMake
- Basic CMake usage
- CGold: The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the CMake
- CMake 3.16 added support for precompiled headers & unity builds - what you need to know
- CMake Coding Style
- Dev Santa Claus - Nick Sarten
- Part 1: Adding Clang Sanitizers to a CMake Build
- Part 2: C++ code coverage metrics with gcov
- setting up code coverage metrics for a C++ codebase built using Bamboo, CMake, and GCC
- https://genbattle.bitbucket.io/blog/2018/01/19/Dev-Santa-Claus-Part-2/
- Effective CMake by Kai Wolf
- Effective Modern CMake - Manuel Binna
- Everything You Never Wanted to Know About CMake
- Everything You Never Wanted to Know About CMake (Redux)
- How to Build a CMake-Based Project
- How To Find Packages With CMake: The Basics
- It's Time To Do CMake Right
- Learn CMake's Scripting Language in 15 Minutes
- Mastering CMake Book
- More Modern CMake
- Professional CMake: A Practical Guide
- siliceum - Clément Grégoire
- CMake basics
- CMake customization points
- Speed up your C++ unit tests cycles with CMake/CTest (and the right testing framework)
- The Architecture of Open Source Applications: CMake
- The Ultimate Guide to Modern CMake
- Tutorial: Easy dependency management for C++ with CMake and Git
- Tutorial: Preparing libraries for CMake FetchContent
- Using ccache with CMake
- BLT (Build, Link and Triumph): A streamlined CMake build system foundation for developing HPC software
- composition of CMake macros and several widely used open source tools assembled to simplify HPC software development.
- https://github.com/llnl/blt
- http://llnl-blt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
- CMake Unit
- A unit testing framework for CMake.
- https://github.com/polysquare/cmake-unit
- CMakeBuildPackage: Automatic project build script with CMake
- cmake format: Source code formatter for cmake listfiles.
- cmake-init: The missing CMake project initializer
- CMake Modules
- Additional CMake Modules
- Ryan's CMake Modules
- cmany: CMake build tree batching tool
- configure-cmake: autotools-style configure script wrapper around CMake
- Corrosion: Marrying Rust and CMake - Easy Rust and C/C++ Integration!
- Corrosion, formerly known as cmake-cargo, is a tool for integrating Rust into an existing CMake project. Corrosion is capable of importing executables, static libraries, and dynamic libraries from a crate.
- https://github.com/corrosion-rs/corrosion
- CPM.cmake
- CMake's missing package manager. A small CMake script for setup-free, cross-platform and reproducible dependency management.
- https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake
- Izzy's eXtension Modules: Make CMake less painful when trying to write Modern Flexible CMake
- package-example: CMake: config mode of find_package command
- ucm - useful cmake macros
- CMake 2022 C++ Modules and More
- CppNow 2022; Bill Hoffman
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkefPcWySzI
- import CMake, CMake and C++20 Modules
- CppCon 2022; Bill Hoffman
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5X803cXe02Y
- Things I Learnt While Trying to Avoid Becoming a CMake Expert
- ACCU 2022; CB Bailey
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=852VSXFaDO0
- An Introduction to CMakePresets.json
- Pure Virtual C++ 2021; Erika Sweet, Kyle Edwards
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFbnm1t6Mc4
- https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/CPP/Pure-Virtual-Cpp-2021/An-Introduction-to-CMakePresetsjson
- Better CMake - Jefferson Amstutz
- CMake and the Future of C++
- Meeting C++ 2021; Julien Jomier
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm3i40FrU3U
- CMake: One Tool To Build Them All
- Cross Compiling with CMake
- Cpp Usergroup Dresden 2021; Andreas Reischuck
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgWwrzZLVR8
- Cross-Platform Development with CMake
- CPPP 2021; Julien Jomier
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSWEZaOtr7c
- Modern CMake Modules
- CppCon 2021
- Bret Brown
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZXNsim9TWI
- C++ Weekly - Jason Turner
- Ep 208 - The Ultimate CMake / C++ Quick Start (2020)
- "CMake, sanitizers, clang-tidy, conan, cmake-format, clang-format, cppcheck, doxygen, ctest, catch, {fmt}, and more!"
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbgH7yat-Jo
- Ep 208 - The Ultimate CMake / C++ Quick Start (2020)
- Modern CMake: An introduction
- DC C++ User Group 2020; Eric Richardson
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDdkJu-nVTo
- Deep CMake for Library Authors
- CppCon 2019; Craig Scott
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0DwB4OvDXk
- Embracing Modern CMake
- Stephen Kelly
- https://steveire.wordpress.com/2017/11/05/embracing-modern-cmake/
- Dublin C++ User Group 2017
- NDC TechTown 2019
- Oh No! More Modern CMake
- Meeting C++ 2019; Deniz Bahadir
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9kSr5enrSk
- https://github.com/Bagira80/More-Modern-CMake
- Building C++
- C++ Edinburgh 2018; Morris Hafner
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_f-2p5eDBo
- How to CMake Good
- Introduction to CMake
- SwedenCpp 2018; Florent Castelli
- Examples:
- Slides:
- Video:
- More Modern CMake - Working with CMake 3.12 and later
- C++ Weekly - Jason Turner
- Ep 78 - Intro to CMake (2017)
- Ep 82 - Intro To CTest (2017)
- Effective CMake
- Effective dependency management with CMake
- MUCplusplus 2017; Kai Wolf
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QayyhI-36os
- Modern CMake for modular design
- Meeting C++ 2017; Mathieu Ropert
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztrnb-bVVPo
- Using Modern CMake Patterns to Enforce a Good Modular Design
- CppCon 2017; Mathieu Ropert
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC9-iRN2b04
- FASTBuild
- a high performance, open-source build system for Windows, Linux, and OS X
- supports highly scalable compilation, caching and network distribution
- https://github.com/fastbuild/fastbuild
- https://www.fastbuild.org/
- https://gradle.org/
- Introduction into C++ Builds with Gradle
- A more helpful makefile
- A Super-Simple Makefile for Medium-Sized C/C++ Projects
- A Tutorial on Portable Makefiles
- make help - Well documented Makefiles
- Makefile Tutorial
- Notes for new Make users
- Propositions as Filenames, Builds as Proofs: The Essence of Make
- GNU Make - http://www.gnu.org/software/make/
- An Empirical Analysis of GNU Make in Open Source Projects
- 2017 PhD Thesis; Douglas Martin
- https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/15767
- Makefile Corpus - http://research.cs.queensu.ca/~doug/files/MakeEgs.tar.gz
- Makefile Framework - http://research.cs.queensu.ca/~doug/files/MakeFramework.zip
- An Empirical Study of Unspecified Dependencies in Make-Based Build Systems
- Empirical Software Engineering (2017)
- Cor-Paul Bezemer, Shane McIntosh, Bram Adams, Daniel M. German, Ahmed E. Hassan
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-017-9510-8
- http://rebels.ece.mcgill.ca/journalpaper/2017/03/07/an-empirical-study-of-unspecified-dependencies-in-make-based-build-systems.html
- http://sail.cs.queensu.ca/Downloads/EMSE2017_AnEmpiricalStudyOfUnspecifiedDependenciesInMake-BasedBuildSystems.pdf
- Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/corpaulbezemer/an-empirical-study-of-unspecified-dependencies-in-makebased-build-systems
- GNU make - Paul D. Smith - http://make.mad-scientist.net/
- Paul Smith's Rules of Makefiles - http://make.mad-scientist.net/papers/rules-of-makefiles/
- Deferred Simple Variable Expansion - http://make.mad-scientist.net/deferred-simple-variable-expansion/
- GNU Make articles - John Graham-Cumming
- GNU Make meets file names with spaces in them - https://www.cmcrossroads.com/article/gnu-make-meets-file-names-spaces-them
- GNU Make Standard Library - http://gmsl.sourceforge.net/
- How to write vaguely acceptable makefiles
- 2014; Stephen Kell
- https://www.humprog.org/~stephen/blog/devel/writing-makefiles.html
- HOWTO: Intro to GNU make variables - https://blog.melski.net/2015/01/07/howto-intro-to-gnu-make-variables/
- Make is (probably) fine
- Make it simple: An empirical analysis of GNU Make feature use in open source projects
- International Conference on Program Comprehension 2015
- Douglas H Martin, James R Cordy, Bram Adams, Giulio Antoniol
- https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICPC.2015.31
- https://research.cs.queensu.ca/home/cordy/Papers/MCAA_ICPC15_Makefiles.pdf
- Managing Projects with GNU Make
- Properly using GNU-Make - https://slashvar.github.io/2017/02/13/using-gnu-make.html
- Remake – GNU Make with comprehensible tracing and a debugger
- Your Makefiles are wrong: An opinionated approach to (GNU) Make
- 2019; Jacob Davis-Hansson
- https://tech.davis-hansson.com/p/make/
- Using Landlock to Sandbox GNU Make
- The Meson Build system
- Getting started with Meson build system and C++
- https://medium.com/@germandiagogomez/getting-started-with-meson-build-system-and-c-83270f444bee
- https://medium.com/@germandiagogomez/getting-started-with-meson-in-c-part-2-58150354ff17
- https://medium.com/@germandiagogomez/getting-started-with-meson-in-c-part-3-70b9bc419957
- https://medium.com/@germandiagogomez/getting-started-with-meson-part-4-8bceec6149e1
- Lessons Learned From Porting LibreOffice's Build System To Meson
- CppNorth 2022; Jussi Pakkanen
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asB_hx_jJSw
- Ninja: a small build system with a focus on speed
- Benchmarking the Ninja build system
- Building Like (a) Ninja [Pt1]
- GN: a meta-build system that generates build files for Ninja
- https://gn.googlesource.com/gn
- https://is.gd/gn_intro
- Basic //build directory for GN-based projects
- ninjatracing: Convert .ninja_log files to chrome's about:tracing format.
- Ninja is enough build system
- November 4, 2023; Max Bernstein
- https://bernsteinbear.com/blog/ninja-is-enough/
- The Architecture of Open Source Applications: Ninja
- The Success and Failure of Ninja
- n2: revisiting Ninja
- Tundra, a build system
- Tundra is a high-performance code build system designed to give the best possible incremental build times even for very large software projects.
- https://github.com/deplinenoise/tundra
- Tup: a file-based build system.
- Lessons and Pitfalls in Building Firefox with Tup
- 12th Seminar on Advanced Techniques & Tools for Software Evolution (SATToSE) 2019
- Guillaume Maudoux and Kim Mens
- http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/223053
- clcache.py - a compiler cache for Microsoft Visual Studio
- CompileTimer: Set of tests to benchmark the compile time of C++ constructs
- Make VC++ Compiles Fast Through Parallel Compilation
- NMAKE
- The Microsoft Program Maintenance Utility (NMAKE.EXE)
- Visual Studio 2017 Throughput Improvements and Advice
- MSBuild (Visual C++) - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/msbuild-visual-cpp
- Make VC++ Compiles Fast Through Parallel Compilation
- Microsoft AnyBuild
- Remote build execution technology for use in MSBuild, Microsoft Build Accelerator, and other build engines
- https://github.com/microsoft/AnyBuild
- Microsoft.Build (MSBuild)
- The Microsoft Build Engine: the build platform for .NET and Visual Studio
- https://github.com/Microsoft/msbuild
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/
- MSBuild (Visual C++) - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/msbuild-visual-cpp
- MSBuild Binary and Structured Log Viewer - http://msbuildlog.com/
- MSBuild compile_commands.json logger
- An MSBuild logger that emits compile_commands.json for C++ projects
- https://github.com/0xabu/MsBuildCompileCommandsJson
- MSBuildEditor
- The MSBuild Editor extension provides improved support for editing MSBuild files in Visual Studio and Visual Studio for Mac.
- https://github.com/mhutch/MonoDevelop.MSBuildEditor
- Build Tools
- build native and managed MSBuild-based applications without requiring the Visual Studio IDE. There are options to install the Visual C++ compilers and libraries, MFC, ATL, and C++/CLI support, and .NET and .NET Core support.
- http://aka.ms/buildtools
- GoingNative 63: C++ Build Tools - https://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/C9-GoingNative/GoingNative-63-CPP-Build-Tools
- Using A Custom Toolchain In Visual Studio With MSBuild
- Visual Studio and Custom Build Rules
- xcbuild-debugging-tricks
- Xcode new build system debugging tricks
- https://gist.github.com/ddunbar/2dda0e836c855ea96759d1d05f086d69
- https://XcodeBuildSettings.com
- Demystify parallelization in Xcode builds
- WWDC 2022
- Ben Herzog, Artem Chikin
- https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110364/
- xmake: A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
- Designing a modern build system and dependency manager, how hard can it be?
- NDC TechTown 2021; Jussi Pakkanen
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6LSdboN_wM
- Behind the Scenes of a C++ Build System
- Building Modules
- CppCon 2019; Michael Spencer
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0SHHkBenss
- Build Systems: a Simple Solution to a Complicated Problem
- CppCon 2018; Peter Bindels
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWOmkwv8N_U
- Creating the Complete Build Package
- CppCon 2018
- Panelists: Boris Kolpackov, Titus Winter, Robert Schumacher, Paddy McDonald, Manuel Klimek
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjdCxXdjaSA
- Don't package your libraries, write packagable libraries!
- CppCon 2018; Robert Schumacher
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBP17HQAQjk
- What to Expect from a Next-Generation C++ Build System
- CppCon 2018; Boris Kolpackov
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJP7SSLjvSI
- A New Architecture for Building Software
- 2016 LLVM Developers’ Meeting; Daniel Dunbar
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_T-eCToX1I
- http://www.llvm.org/devmtg/2016-11/#talk10
- llbuild: A low-level build system, used by Xcode and the Swift Package Manager
- Building C++ Modules
- CppCon 2017; Boris Kolpackov
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8EbDcLQAoc
- There Will Be Build Systems: I Configure Your Milkshake
- CppCon 2017; Isabella Muerte
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7THzO-D0ta4