diff --git a/config.json b/config.json index 5e9c75d0..79b8f029 100644 --- a/config.json +++ b/config.json @@ -157,6 +157,14 @@ "strings" ] }, + { + "slug": "pascals-triangle", + "name": "Pascal's Triangle", + "uuid": "90a8a252-e57e-4e4a-9d8b-9f66f7ee8baf", + "practices": [], + "prerequisites": [], + "difficulty": 2 + }, { "slug": "perfect-numbers", "name": "Perfect Numbers", diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/instructions.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0f58f006 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/instructions.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Instructions + +Your task is to output the first N rows of Pascal's triangle. + +[Pascal's triangle][wikipedia] is a triangular array of positive integers. + +In Pascal's triangle, the number of values in a row is equal to its row number (which starts at one). +Therefore, the first row has one value, the second row has two values, and so on. + +The first (topmost) row has a single value: `1`. +Subsequent rows' values are computed by adding the numbers directly to the right and left of the current position in the previous row. + +If the previous row does _not_ have a value to the left or right of the current position (which only happens for the leftmost and rightmost positions), treat that position's value as zero (effectively "ignoring" it in the summation). + +## Example + +Let's look at the first 5 rows of Pascal's Triangle: + +```text + 1 + 1 1 + 1 2 1 + 1 3 3 1 +1 4 6 4 1 +``` + +The topmost row has one value, which is `1`. + +The leftmost and rightmost values have only one preceding position to consider, which is the position to its right respectively to its left. +With the topmost value being `1`, it follows from this that all the leftmost and rightmost values are also `1`. + +The other values all have two positions to consider. +For example, the fifth row's (`1 4 6 4 1`) middle value is `6`, as the values to its left and right in the preceding row are `3` and `3`: + +[wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/introduction.md b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/introduction.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..60b8ec30 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.docs/introduction.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Introduction + +With the weather being great, you're not looking forward to spending an hour in a classroom. +Annoyed, you enter the class room, where you notice a strangely satisfying triangle shape on the blackboard. +Whilst waiting for your math teacher to arrive, you can't help but notice some patterns in the triangle: the outer values are all ones, each subsequent row has one more value than its previous row and the triangle is symmetrical. +Weird! + +Not long after you sit down, your teacher enters the room and explains that this triangle is the famous [Pascal's triangle][wikipedia]. + +Over the next hour, your teacher reveals some amazing things hidden in this triangle: + +- It can be used to compute how many ways you can pick K elements from N values. +- It contains the Fibonacci sequence. +- If you color odd and even numbers differently, you get a beautiful pattern called the [SierpiƄski triangle][wikipedia-sierpinski-triangle]. + +The teacher implores you and your classmates to lookup other uses, and assures you that there are lots more! +At that moment, the school bell rings. +You realize that for the past hour, you were completely absorbed in learning about Pascal's triangle. +You quickly grab your laptop from your bag and go outside, ready to enjoy both the sunshine _and_ the wonders of Pascal's triangle. + +[wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle +[wikipedia-sierpinski-triangle]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpi%C5%84ski_triangle diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/config.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0248982 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/config.json @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +{ + "authors": [ + "BNAndras" + ], + "files": { + "solution": [ + "src/main/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy" + ], + "test": [ + "src/test/groovy/PascalsTriangleSpec.groovy" + ], + "example": [ + ".meta/src/reference/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy" + ] + }, + "blurb": "Compute Pascal's triangle up to a given number of rows.", + "source": "Pascal's Triangle at Wolfram Math World", + "source_url": "https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Pascal%27s+triangle" +} diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/src/reference/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/src/reference/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c2b5c234 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/src/reference/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +class PascalsTriangle { + + static rows(count) { + def lines = [] + + for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { + def row = [] + for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) { + if (j == 0 || j == i) { + row.add(1) + } else { + row.add(lines[i - 1][j - 1] + lines[i - 1][j]) + } + } + lines.add(row) + } + + return lines + } +} diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/tests.toml b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/tests.toml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2db0ee52 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/.meta/tests.toml @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# This is an auto-generated file. +# +# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will: +# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair +# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications +# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion) +# - Preserve any other key/value pair +# +# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file +# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key. + +[9920ce55-9629-46d5-85d6-4201f4a4234d] +description = "zero rows" + +[70d643ce-a46d-4e93-af58-12d88dd01f21] +description = "single row" + +[a6e5a2a2-fc9a-4b47-9f4f-ed9ad9fbe4bd] +description = "two rows" + +[97206a99-79ba-4b04-b1c5-3c0fa1e16925] +description = "three rows" + +[565a0431-c797-417c-a2c8-2935e01ce306] +description = "four rows" + +[06f9ea50-9f51-4eb2-b9a9-c00975686c27] +description = "five rows" + +[c3912965-ddb4-46a9-848e-3363e6b00b13] +description = "six rows" + +[6cb26c66-7b57-4161-962c-81ec8c99f16b] +description = "ten rows" diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/build.gradle b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/build.gradle new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e16cd99d --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/build.gradle @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +apply plugin: "groovy" + +repositories { + mavenCentral() +} + +dependencies { + testImplementation "org.spockframework:spock-core:2.0-M2-groovy-3.0" + implementation "org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:3.0.2" +} + +test { + useJUnitPlatform() + testLogging { + exceptionFormat = 'full' + events = ["passed", "failed", "skipped"] + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3d88b1c Binary files /dev/null and b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar differ diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b7c8c5db --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME +distributionPath=wrapper/dists +distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.2-bin.zip +zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME +zipStorePath=wrapper/dists diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2fe81a7d --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env sh + +# +# Copyright 2015 the original author or authors. +# +# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +# You may obtain a copy of the License at +# +# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +# +# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +# limitations under the License. +# + +############################################################################## +## +## Gradle start up script for UN*X +## +############################################################################## + +# Attempt to set APP_HOME +# Resolve links: $0 may be a link +PRG="$0" +# Need this for relative symlinks. +while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do + ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"` + link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'` + if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then + PRG="$link" + else + PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`"/$link" + fi +done +SAVED="`pwd`" +cd "`dirname \"$PRG\"`/" >/dev/null +APP_HOME="`pwd -P`" +cd "$SAVED" >/dev/null + +APP_NAME="Gradle" +APP_BASE_NAME=`basename "$0"` + +# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script. +DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"' + +# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value. +MAX_FD="maximum" + +warn () { + echo "$*" +} + +die () { + echo + echo "$*" + echo + exit 1 +} + +# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false'). +cygwin=false +msys=false +darwin=false +nonstop=false +case "`uname`" in + CYGWIN* ) + cygwin=true + ;; + Darwin* ) + darwin=true + ;; + MINGW* ) + msys=true + ;; + NONSTOP* ) + nonstop=true + ;; +esac + +CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar + +# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM. +if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then + if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then + # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables + JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" + else + JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" + fi + if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then + die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME + +Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the +location of your Java installation." + fi +else + JAVACMD="java" + which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. + +Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the +location of your Java installation." +fi + +# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can. +if [ "$cygwin" = "false" -a "$darwin" = "false" -a "$nonstop" = "false" ] ; then + MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n` + if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then + if [ "$MAX_FD" = "maximum" -o "$MAX_FD" = "max" ] ; then + MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT" + fi + ulimit -n $MAX_FD + if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then + warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD" + fi + else + warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT" + fi +fi + +# For Darwin, add options to specify how the application appears in the dock +if $darwin; then + GRADLE_OPTS="$GRADLE_OPTS \"-Xdock:name=$APP_NAME\" \"-Xdock:icon=$APP_HOME/media/gradle.icns\"" +fi + +# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java +if [ "$cygwin" = "true" -o "$msys" = "true" ] ; then + APP_HOME=`cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME"` + CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH"` + JAVACMD=`cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD"` + + # We build the pattern for arguments to be converted via cygpath + ROOTDIRSRAW=`find -L / -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d 2>/dev/null` + SEP="" + for dir in $ROOTDIRSRAW ; do + ROOTDIRS="$ROOTDIRS$SEP$dir" + SEP="|" + done + OURCYGPATTERN="(^($ROOTDIRS))" + # Add a user-defined pattern to the cygpath arguments + if [ "$GRADLE_CYGPATTERN" != "" ] ; then + OURCYGPATTERN="$OURCYGPATTERN|($GRADLE_CYGPATTERN)" + fi + # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh + i=0 + for arg in "$@" ; do + CHECK=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "$OURCYGPATTERN" -` + CHECK2=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "^-"` ### Determine if an option + + if [ $CHECK -ne 0 ] && [ $CHECK2 -eq 0 ] ; then ### Added a condition + eval `echo args$i`=`cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg"` + else + eval `echo args$i`="\"$arg\"" + fi + i=`expr $i + 1` + done + case $i in + 0) set -- ;; + 1) set -- "$args0" ;; + 2) set -- "$args0" "$args1" ;; + 3) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" ;; + 4) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" ;; + 5) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" ;; + 6) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" ;; + 7) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" ;; + 8) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" ;; + 9) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" "$args8" ;; + esac +fi + +# Escape application args +save () { + for i do printf %s\\n "$i" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" ; done + echo " " +} +APP_ARGS=`save "$@"` + +# Collect all arguments for the java command, following the shell quoting and substitution rules +eval set -- $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS "\"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$APP_ARGS" + +exec "$JAVACMD" "$@" diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew.bat b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew.bat new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62bd9b9c --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/gradlew.bat @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +@rem +@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors. +@rem +@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at +@rem +@rem https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +@rem +@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +@rem limitations under the License. +@rem + +@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off +@rem ########################################################################## +@rem +@rem Gradle startup script for Windows +@rem +@rem ########################################################################## + +@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell +if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal + +set DIRNAME=%~dp0 +if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=. +set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0 +set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME% + +@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter. +for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi + +@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script. +set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m" + +@rem Find java.exe +if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome + +set JAVA_EXE=java.exe +%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1 +if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto init + +echo. +echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. +echo. +echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the +echo location of your Java installation. + +goto fail + +:findJavaFromJavaHome +set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=% +set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe + +if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto init + +echo. +echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% +echo. +echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the +echo location of your Java installation. + +goto fail + +:init +@rem Get command-line arguments, handling Windows variants + +if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto win9xME_args + +:win9xME_args +@rem Slurp the command line arguments. +set CMD_LINE_ARGS= +set _SKIP=2 + +:win9xME_args_slurp +if "x%~1" == "x" goto execute + +set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%* + +:execute +@rem Setup the command line + +set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar + +@rem Execute Gradle +"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %CMD_LINE_ARGS% + +:end +@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell +if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd + +:fail +rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of +rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code! +if not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1 +exit /b 1 + +:mainEnd +if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal + +:omega diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/main/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/main/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7eeb01ef --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/main/groovy/PascalsTriangle.groovy @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +class PascalsTriangle { + + static rows(count) { + throw new UnsupportedOperationException('Method implementation is missing') + } +} diff --git a/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/test/groovy/PascalsTriangleSpec.groovy b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/test/groovy/PascalsTriangleSpec.groovy new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2556df1c --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/practice/pascals-triangle/src/test/groovy/PascalsTriangleSpec.groovy @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +import spock.lang.* + +class PascalsTriangleSpec extends Specification { + + def "zero rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(0) == [] + } + + @Ignore + def "single row"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(1) == [ + [1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "two rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(2) == [ + [1], + [1, 1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "three rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(3) == [ + [1], + [1, 1], + [1, 2, 1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "four rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(4) == [ + [1], + [1, 1], + [1, 2, 1], + [1, 3, 3, 1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "five rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(5) == [ + [1], + [1, 1], + [1, 2, 1], + [1, 3, 3, 1], + [1, 4, 6, 4, 1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "six rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(6) == [ + [1], + [1, 1], + [1, 2, 1], + [1, 3, 3, 1], + [1, 4, 6, 4, 1], + [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1] + ] + } + + @Ignore + def "ten rows"() { + expect: + PascalsTriangle.rows(10) == [ + [1], + [1, 1], + [1, 2, 1], + [1, 3, 3, 1], + [1, 4, 6, 4, 1], + [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1], + [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1], + [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1], + [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1], + [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1] + ] + } +} diff --git a/settings.gradle b/settings.gradle index efab6f74..6e110942 100644 --- a/settings.gradle +++ b/settings.gradle @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ include 'exercises:practice:matching-brackets' include 'exercises:practice:matrix' include 'exercises:practice:nth-prime' include 'exercises:practice:pangram' +include 'exercises:practice:pascals-triangle' include 'exercises:practice:perfect-numbers' include 'exercises:practice:phone-number' include 'exercises:practice:pig-latin'