Update Karpenter usage documentation to reflect latest supported version(s)

[escardoso]

Description

The fields that referenced old versions of Karpenter have been changed. The links to the documentation have also been updated and examples of configuring the NodePool and EC2NodeClass files have been added in accordance with the new version of Karpenter v1.

Resolves #8227

Help your reviewers my guiding them through your key changes,
implementation decisions etc.

You can even include snippets of output or screenshots.

Checklist

• Added tests that cover your change (if possible)
• Added/modified documentation as required (such as the README.md, or the userdocs directory)
• Manually tested
• Made sure the title of the PR is a good description that can go into the release notes
• (Core team) Added labels for change area (e.g. area/nodegroup) and kind (e.g. kind/improvement)

BONUS POINTS checklist: complete for good vibes and maybe prizes?! 🤯

• Backfilled missing tests for code in same general area 🎉
• Refactored something and made the world a better place 🌟

[github-actions]

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[escardoso]

@bryantbiggs , Thanks for the suggestions. Upload a new version with the requested corrections.

[dims]

@escardoso will this help folks who have run into other issues like #8198?

[bryantbiggs]

@dims I think that is more of an issue here

eksctl/pkg/utils/kubeconfig/kubeconfig.go

Lines 34 to 39 in 1a596f9

	AWSCLIv1MinimumBetaVersion = "1.23.9"
	// AWSCLIv2MinimumBetaVersion this is the minimum version at which aws-cli v2 uses v1beta1 as APIVersion
	AWSCLIv2MinimumBetaVersion = "2.6.3"
	alphaAPIVersion = "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1"
	betaAPIVersion = "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1"

Ref - aws/aws-cli#6940
Ref - aws/aws-cli#6476

tl;dr - we shouldn't be using client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1 anymore

[dims]

@bryantbiggs you are right! we gotta fix that

[bryantbiggs]

thank you @escardoso !