add lecture 9

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diff --git a/docs/lectures.html b/docs/lectures.html
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ <h5 class="no-anchor card-title listing-title">
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@@ -396,6 +396,28 @@ <h5 class="no-anchor card-title listing-title">
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+<a href="./lectures/lecture9.html" class="quarto-grid-link">
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+<img src="./lectures/images/9/behavior-change-net-zero.png" class="thumbnail-image card-img" style="height: 150px;">
+</p>
+<div class="card-body post-contents">
+<h5 class="no-anchor card-title listing-title">
+Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption
+</h5>
+<div class="card-attribution card-text-small justify">
+<div class="listing-author">
+Gang He
+</div>
+<div class="listing-date">
+Oct 30, 2023
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
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diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/Kahneman-systems.jpeg b/docs/lectures/images/9/Kahneman-systems.jpeg
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/behavior-change-net-zero.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/behavior-change-net-zero.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/ee-failure.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/ee-failure.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/energy-intensity.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/energy-intensity.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/energy-label.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/energy-label.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/key-behavior-change-nze.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/key-behavior-change-nze.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/maslow-hierarchy-of-needs.svg b/docs/lectures/images/9/maslow-hierarchy-of-needs.svg
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/mckinsey-curve.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/mckinsey-curve.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/nudge-cover.jpeg b/docs/lectures/images/9/nudge-cover.jpeg
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/rebound-overplay.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/rebound-overplay.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/stages-behavior-change.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/stages-behavior-change.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/images/9/un-sus-consumption.png b/docs/lectures/images/9/un-sus-consumption.png
diff --git a/docs/lectures/lecture9.html b/docs/lectures/lecture9.html
diff --git a/docs/listings.json b/docs/listings.json
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
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diff --git a/docs/schedule.html b/docs/schedule.html
@@ -239,6 +239,18 @@ <h1 class="title">Course Schedule</h1>
 <td><a href="./lectures/lecture7.html">Energy technologies: solar and wind</a></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
+<tr class="even">
+<td>10</td>
+<td>10/30</td>
+<td><a href="./lectures/lecture8.html">Energy technologies: fossil, nuclear, hydro, and other</a></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="odd">
+<td>11</td>
+<td>11/6</td>
+<td><a href="./lectures/lecture9.html">Energy efficiency</a></td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
 

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-    "text": "Learning Objectives\n\nDevelop comprehensive understanding of energy systems, i.e. the interaction of technological, social, economic, and regulatory forces that shaping energy production, conversion, and consumption;\nGain an understanding of main data sources and key methods used to analyze energy systems and their strengths and weaknesses;\nGet introduced to major analytical concepts and modeling tools used in energy and climate policy analysis;\nDevelop basic analytical skills to translate energy systems analysis into effective policy discussion and debate."
+    "text": "Learning Objectives\n\nDevelop comprehensive understanding of climate challenges and energy systems, i.e. the interaction of technological, social, economic, and regulatory forces that shaping energy production, conversion, and consumption;\n\nGain an instinct of energy and climate topics and related them to the foundations we discuss in the class;\n\nGet introduced to major analytical concepts and tools used in energy systems and policy analysis;\n\nDevelop basic analytical skills to translate energy systems analysis into effective policy discussion and debate."
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-    "text": "Lecture 1 Introduction\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nAug 28, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 2 Make Sense of Numbers and Fundamentals\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nSep 11, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 3 Climate Impacts and Responses\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nSep 18, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 4 Energy Systems Overview\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 2, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 5 Energy Porject Economics\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 10, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 6 Energy Demand\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 16, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 7 Energy Conversion Technologies: Solar and Wind\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 23, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 8 Energy Conversion Technologies: Fossil, Nuclear, Hydro, and Others\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 30, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo matching items"
+    "text": "Lecture 1 Introduction\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nAug 28, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 2 Make Sense of Numbers and Fundamentals\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nSep 11, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 3 Climate Impacts and Responses\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nSep 18, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 4 Energy Systems Overview\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 2, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 5 Energy Porject Economics\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 10, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 6 Energy Demand\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 16, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 7 Energy Conversion Technologies: Solar and Wind\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 23, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 8 Energy Conversion Technologies: Fossil, Nuclear, Hydro, and Others\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 30, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption\n\n\n\nGang He\n\n\nOct 30, 2023\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNo matching items"
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     "text": "References\n\n\nDowling, Jacqueline A., Katherine Z. Rinaldi, Tyler H. Ruggles, Steven J. Davis, Mengyao Yuan, Fan Tong, Nathan S. Lewis, and Ken Caldeira. 2020. “Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Variable Renewable Electricity Systems.” Joule 4 (9): 1907–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.007.\n\n\nKoomey, Jonathan, Hashem Akbari, Carl Blumstein, Marilyn Brown, Richard Brown, Chris Calwell, Sheryl Carter, et al. 2010. “Defining a Standard Metric for Electricity Savings.” Environmental Research Letters 5 (1): 014017. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014017.\n\n\n\nBack to Title Slide, All Lectures, Course Home, or Learn More About Gang He\n\n\n\nhttps://drganghe.github.io/energy-climate-policy/"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Sample analytic questions",
+    "text": "Sample analytic questions\n\nIf energy efficiency is a good thing, why is not everybody doing it?\n\nHow to design incentive programs to change people’s behavior?\n\nHow big is rebound, and what to do with rebound?\n\nWhat policies to push for sustainable energy consumption?"
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+    "text": "Energy efficiency\n\nEnergy efficiency\n\nEnergy conservation (saving)\n\nEnergy efficiency and economic efficiency\n\n\nRead more: Kathryne Cleary and Karen Palmer, RFF"
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+    "text": "Energy intensity\n\n\nSource: OurWorldinData"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Recall the abatement cost curve",
+    "text": "Recall the abatement cost curve\n\n\nSource: Mckinsey, GHG Abatement Cost Curves"
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+    "section": "Energy efficiency gap",
+    "text": "Energy efficiency gap\n\n\nSource: Gillingham, Newell, and Palmer (2009)"
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+    "text": "Information\n\n\nSource: FTC"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Standards",
+    "text": "Standards\n\nResponse to Information Failure\n\nMight be good policy if information is too costly/ineffective\n\nEliminates cost of acquiring/understanding information\nEliminates consumer/producer choice\n\nFocuses the market on producing high-quality products\n\nEconomies of scale\nMight be captured by technology (regular review of technology progress)\n\n\nResponse to externalities\n\nDisallow products that would not often be sold if external costs were internalized\nInefficient if some consumers would purchase at the full social cost including externality\nDifficult in some cases to write standards that still permit optimal innovation and adaptation\n\n\n\nSource: Severin Borenstein"
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+    "section": "Behavior change in NZE",
+    "text": "Behavior change in NZE\n\n\nSource: IEA (2021)"
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+    "section": "Key behavior change for NZE",
+    "text": "Key behavior change for NZE\n\n\nSource: IEA (2021)"
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+    "section": "Complexity of human behavior",
+    "text": "Complexity of human behavior\n\n\nRead more: Human Behavior Research"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Maslow’s hierarchy of needs",
+    "text": "Maslow’s hierarchy of needs\n\n\nRead more: Wikipedia"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Stage of change theory",
+    "text": "Stage of change theory\n\n\nRead more: Behavior change models"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Nudge",
+    "text": "Nudge\n\n\n\n\n\nIncentives\nUnderstand mapping\nDefaults\nGive feedback\nExpect error\nStructure complex choices\n\n\n\n\nRead more: Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein"
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+    "section": "Rebound",
+    "text": "Rebound\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCategory\nDescription\nExample\n\n\n\n\nDirect rebound\nHomeowners use more of the more efficient service\nConsumer drives more with a more fuel efficient car\n\n\nIndirect rebound\nHomeowners re-spending on other goods and services\nSavings from efficient lighting spend on 2nd refrigerator\n\n\nEconomy-wide rebound\nMore efficient production and shifts in demand alter economic structure and growth\nA more efficient steam engine increases production changes structural relationships and leads to economic growth"
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+    "section": "Economics of rebound",
+    "text": "Economics of rebound\n\nEnergy efficiency lowers the marginal cost of usage so increases usage\n\nAmount of increase depends on price elasticity\n\nLikely to be small effect if energy is small part of marginal cost of use\n\n\nEnergy efficiency may lower energy price, further increases rebound effect\n\nLikely to be small effect unless long-run supply is very inelastic\n\n\nBut energy efficiency also raises the up-front cost of products, reducing total sales\n\n\nSource: Severin Borenstein"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Rebound might be overplayed",
+    "text": "Rebound might be overplayed\n\n\nSource: Kenneth, Gernot, et al. (2013)"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Focus on welfare",
+    "text": "Focus on welfare\n\nIs rebound a “failure”? Depends on the goal\n\nReduce energy consumption?\nImprove social welfare?\n\n\nRebound could be good"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Sustainable energy consumption",
+    "text": "Sustainable energy consumption\n\n\n\n\n\nAbsolute reductions in the material goods and energy we consume;\n\nFrom material wealth and consumerism toward new measures of progress and well-being;\n\nTechnological innovation and efficiency gains that help us to refine production processes;\n\nRecognition that consumption will need to increase for those individuals and communities whose needs are not being met, and\n\nA transformation of our economy from continuous growth to within the limits of a finite planet.\n\n\n\n\nRead more: UN, USDN"
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+    "title": "Lecture 9 Energy Efficiency, Behavior, and Sustainable Consumption",
+    "section": "Summary",
+    "text": "Summary\n\nThere are barriers for energy efficiency and inforamtion and standards can help address the energy efficiency gap\n\nHuman behavior is complicated, and understanding it will help us to design policy\n\nRebound is real but might be overplayed, rebound could be good if improve welfare\n\nSustainable consumption and production within the limit"
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+    "text": "References\n\n\nGillingham, Kenneth, Richard G Newell, and Karen Palmer. 2009. “Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy.” Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ. 1 (1): 597–620. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.102308.124234.\n\n\nIEA. 2021. “Net Zero by 2050.” International Energy Agency.\n\n\nKenneth, Gillingham, Wagner Gernot, et al. 2013. “Energy Policy: The Rebound Effect Is Overplayed.” Nature 493: 475–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/493475a.\n\n\n\nBack to Title Slide, All Lectures, Course Home, or Learn More About Gang He\n\n\n\nhttps://drganghe.github.io/energy-climate-policy/"
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