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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions README.md
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# PAF9199 Energy and Climate Policy (2023 Fall)
# PAF9199 Energy and Climate Policy

This is the website for Energy and Climate Policy 2023 Fall. I will share the slides, assignments, and source files here.
This is the website for my Energy and Climate Policy class. I will share the slides, assignments, and source files here.

## Acknowledgment

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- text: Fall 2023
href: 2023/schedule.qmd
- text: Dr. Gang He
href: http://drganghe.github.io
href: http://drganghe.github.io
target: _blank
right:
- icon: github
href: https://github.com/drganghe/energy-climate-policy
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions assignments/_hw2.qmd
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---
title: Assignment 2 What if Americans turn to small cars and electric vehicles?
title: Assignment 2 What if Americans turned to small cars and electric vehicles?
format:
html:
theme: cosmo
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#draft: true
---

In your first policy response, you are asked to discuss the impact and policy responses to America's big car problem. This assignment will give you a chance to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through some common energy and carbon data, make some reasonable assumptions, and calculate some policy relevant metrics. It's a plus if you can visualize your analysis.
In your first policy response, you were asked to discuss the impact and policy responses to America's big car problem. This assignment will give you a chance to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through some common energy and carbon data, make some reasonable assumptions, and calculate some policy relevant metrics. It's a plus if you can visualize your analysis.


## Questions
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions docs/lectures.html
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://drganghe.github.io">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://drganghe.github.io" target="_blank">
<span class="menu-text">Dr.&nbsp;Gang He</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
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</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="g-col-1" data-index="2" data-listing-date-sort="1727064000000" data-listing-file-modified-sort="1726756666616" data-listing-date-modified-sort="NaN" data-listing-reading-time-sort="3" data-listing-word-count-sort="482">
<div class="g-col-1" data-index="2" data-listing-date-sort="1727064000000" data-listing-file-modified-sort="1727105923863" data-listing-date-modified-sort="NaN" data-listing-reading-time-sort="2" data-listing-word-count-sort="293">
<a href="./lectures/lecture3.html" class="quarto-grid-link">
<div class="quarto-grid-item card h-100 card-left">
<p class="card-img-top">
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202 changes: 14 additions & 188 deletions docs/lectures/lecture3.html
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Expand Up @@ -493,186 +493,17 @@ <h2>Climate impact to renewable supply-demand match</h2>
<p>Source: <span class="citation" data-cites="liu_climate_2023">Liu et al. (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2023</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="ipat" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>IPAT</h2>
<p><span class="math inline">\(I(mpact) = P(opulation) \times A(ffluence) \times T(echnology)\)</span></p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(I(mpact) = \frac{P(opulation) \times A(ffluence)}{T(echnology)}\)</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Technology: renewable energy, energy efficiency, innovations</li>
</ul>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: <span class="citation" data-cites="ehrlich_impact_1971">Ehrlich and Holdren (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">1971</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="kaya-identify" class="slide level2 smaller center">
<h2>Kaya identify</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p><span class="math inline">\(F=P \times \frac{G}{P} \times \frac{E}{G} \times \frac{F}{E}\)</span></p>
<p style="font-size:10pt">
</p><p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>F: global CO2 emissions from human sources</li>
<li>P: global population</li>
<li>G: world GDP</li>
<li>E: global energy consumption</li>
</ul>
<p>And:</p>
<ul>
<li>G/P: GDP per capita</li>
<li>E/G: energy intensity of the GDP</li>
<li>F/E: emission intensity of energy</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="../lectures/images/kaya-identity-co2.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: <span class="citation" data-cites="kaya_environment_1997">Kaya and Yokobori (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">1997</a>)</span>, <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/kaya-identity-co2">Kaya Identity: drivers of CO₂ emissions in the World</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="climate-wedges" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>Climate wedges</h2>

<img data-src="../lectures/images/pacala-socolow-wedges.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Source: <span class="citation" data-cites="pacala2004stabilization">Pacala and Socolow (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2004</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-mckinsey-cost-curve" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>The Mckinsey cost curve</h2>

<img data-src="../lectures/images/mckinsey-curve.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Source: Mckinsey, <a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/greenhouse-gas-abatement-cost-curves">GHG Abatement Cost Curves</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="social-cost-of-carbon" class="slide level2 smaller center">
<h2>Social cost of carbon</h2>
<ul>
<li>Marginal cost of carbon<br>
</li>
<li>Cost included:<br>

<ul>
<li>Net agricultural productivity<br>
</li>
<li>Human health<br>
</li>
<li>Property damage<br>
</li>
<li>Energy system costs<br>
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Cost not included:<br>

<ul>
<li>Unknown impact: physical, ecological, economic<br>
</li>
<li>Unknown cost: information<br>
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="epa-social-cost-of-carbon" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>EPA social cost of carbon</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="../lectures/images/epa-scc-2010.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center" style="width:70.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="../lectures/images/epa-scc-2015.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="../lectures/images/EPASCC2020.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center" style="width:60.0%"></p>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: <a href="https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-12/epa_scghg_2023_report_final.pdf">EPA</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="nydec-value-of-carbon-guidance" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>NYDEC ‘Value of Carbon’ Guidance</h2>
<ul>
<li>Carbon dioxide: $125 per ton<br>
</li>
<li>Methane: $2,782 per ton<br>
</li>
<li>Nitrous oxide: $44,727 per ton</li>
</ul>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: <a href="https://www.dec.ny.gov/press/122070.html">NYDEC</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="scc-updates" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>SCC updates</h2>

<img data-src="../lectures/images/scc185.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Source: <a href="https://www.resources.org/archives/the-social-cost-of-carbon-reaching-a-new-estimate/">RFF</a>, <span class="citation" data-cites="rennert2022comprehensive">Rennert et al. (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2022</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="what-works-whats-not" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>What works what’s not</h2>
<ul>
<li>Carbon tax vs.&nbsp;subsides<br>
</li>
<li>Regulations vs markets<br>
</li>
<li>Considering<br>

<ul>
<li>Societal acceptance<br>
</li>
<li>Political feasibility</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: Read more: <span class="citation" data-cites="armitage_innovation_2023">Armitage, Bakhtian, and Jaffe (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2023</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="best-practices" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>Best practices</h2>
<ul>
<li>Energy efficiency<br>
</li>
<li>Low carbon eco-city<br>
</li>
<li>Renewable integration<br>
</li>
<li>Sectoral experiences<br>
</li>
<li>Policy/technology tools</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="policy-instruments" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>Policy instruments</h2>

<img data-src="../lectures/images/policy-instruments.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Source: <span class="citation" data-cites="armitage_innovation_2023">Armitage, Bakhtian, and Jaffe (<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2023</a>)</span></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="nys-climate-impacts-assessment" class="slide level2 smaller center">
<h2>NYS climate impacts assessment</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:80%;">
<ul>
<li>Up-to-date projections of future climate conditions in New York State</li>
<li>Sector-based literature reviews</li>
<li>Sector-based assessments of climate impacts based on literature</li>
<li>In-depth economic impact assessments</li>
<li>A peer-reviewed technical report that conveys scientific findings</li>
<li>Summaries and syntheses for a wider audience</li>
<li>Adaptation strategies and case studies</li>
<li>Links and references to primary sources for full transparency</li>
<li>Communication and outreach materials to present information from the assessment</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="column" style="width:20%;">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
Expand All @@ -681,9 +512,19 @@ <h2>NYS climate impacts assessment</h2>
</figure>
</div>
</div></div>
<p>An ongoing effort, anything missing?</p>
<div class="footer">
<p>Source: New York State Climate Impacts <a href="https://nysclimateimpacts.org/about/what-will-the-assessment-include/">Assessment</a></p>
<p>Source: New York State Climate Impacts <a href="https://nysclimateimpacts.org/explore-the-assessment/">Assessment</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-4th-assessment-of-the-nyc-panel-on-climate-change-npcc4" class="slide level2 center">
<h2>The 4th Assessment of the NYC Panel on Climate Change (NPCC4)</h2>
<ul>
<li>Updates: Climate Science, Equity, and Flooding</li>
<li>New: Futures and Transitions, Energy and Energy Insecurity, and Health.</li>
</ul>

<img data-src="../lectures/images/NPCC4_organization.jpg" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Source: <a href="https://climateassessment.nyc/assessments/">NPCC4</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="fuel-for-thoughts-grand-challenges-huge-progress-and-grand-opportunities" class="slide level2 center">
Expand All @@ -697,33 +538,18 @@ <h2>Fuel for thoughts: grand challenges, huge progress, and grand opportunities<

<h3 id="references">References</h3>
<div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" data-entry-spacing="0" role="list">
<div id="ref-armitage_innovation_2023" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Armitage, Sarah C., Noël Bakhtian, and Adam B. Jaffe. 2023. <span>“Innovation <span>Market</span> <span>Failures</span> and the <span>Design</span> of <span>New</span> <span>Climate</span> <span>Policy</span> <span>Instruments</span>.”</span> Working Paper. Working <span>Paper</span> <span>Series</span>. National Bureau of Economic Research. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3386/w31622">https://doi.org/10.3386/w31622</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-carleton2016social" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Carleton, Tamma A, and Solomon M Hsiang. 2016. <span>“Social and Economic Impacts of Climate.”</span> <em>Science</em> 353 (6304): aad9837. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9837">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9837</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-ehrlich_impact_1971" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Ehrlich, Paul R., and John P. Holdren. 1971. <span>“Impact of <span>Population</span> <span>Growth</span>: <span>Complacency</span> Concerning This Component of Man’s Predicament Is Unjustified and Counterproductive.”</span> <em>Science</em> 171 (3977): 1212–17. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3977.1212">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3977.1212</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-hsiang_quantifying_2013" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hsiang, Solomon M., Marshall Burke, and Edward Miguel. 2013. <span>“Quantifying the <span>Influence</span> of <span>Climate</span> on <span>Human</span> <span>Conflict</span>.”</span> <em>Science</em>, August. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235367">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235367</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-kaya_environment_1997" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Kaya, Yoichi, and Keiichi Yokobori, eds. 1997. <em>Environment, <span>Energy</span>, and <span>Economy</span>: <span>Strategies</span> for <span>Sustainable</span></em>. Tokyo: United Nations Univ. <a href="https://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu17ee/uu17ee00.htm">https://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu17ee/uu17ee00.htm</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-liu_climate_2023" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Liu, Laibao, Gang He, Mengxi Wu, Gang Liu, Haoran Zhang, Ying Chen, Jiashu Shen, and Shuangcheng Li. 2023. <span>“Climate Change Impacts on Planned Supply–Demand Match in Global Wind and Solar Energy Systems.”</span> <em>Nature Energy</em> 8 (8): 870–80. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01304-w">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01304-w</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-neumann_climate_2020" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Neumann, James E., Jacqueline Willwerth, Jeremy Martinich, James McFarland, Marcus C. Sarofim, and Gary Yohe. 2020. <span>“Climate <span>Damage</span> <span>Functions</span> for <span>Estimating</span> the <span>Economic</span> <span>Impacts</span> of <span>Climate</span> <span>Change</span> in the <span>United</span> <span>States</span>.”</span> <em>Review of Environmental Economics and Policy</em> 14 (1): 25–43. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez021">https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez021</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-pacala2004stabilization" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Pacala, Stephen, and Robert Socolow. 2004. <span>“Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies.”</span> <em>Science</em> 305 (5686): 968–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100103">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100103</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-rennert2022comprehensive" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Rennert, Kevin, Frank Errickson, Brian C Prest, Lisa Rennels, Richard G Newell, William Pizer, Cora Kingdon, et al. 2022. <span>“Comprehensive Evidence Implies a Higher Social Cost of CO2.”</span> <em>Nature</em>, 1–3. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05224-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05224-9</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-updating_scc_2017" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
<em>Valuing <span>Climate</span> <span>Changes</span>: <span>Updating</span> <span>Estimation</span> of the <span>Social</span> <span>Cost</span> of <span>Carbon</span> <span>Dioxide</span></em>. 2017. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17226/24651">https://doi.org/10.17226/24651</a>.
</div>
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