add link compilation, notes, timeyable

README.md

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-# College Stuffs
+# Coursework
+
+Course work for 4 Years B. Tech program (2024-28) in Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Kharagpur.

frontend/timetable.typ

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+#set page(flipped: true)
+
+#let mat = json("../timetable/sem01/index.json").timeTableSlotMatrix
+
+#let lunchAfterPeriod = int((mat.lunchStartTime - mat.firstPeriodStartTime) / 100)
+
+#let getTime(start) = {
+  // start = 800 => 8:00 AM to 8:55 PM
+  let hour = int(start / 100)
+  let minute = calc.rem(start, 100)
+  let startTime = datetime(hour: hour, minute: minute, second: 0)
+  let endTime = datetime(hour: hour, minute: minute + 55, second: 0)
+  [
+    #startTime.display("[hour repr:12]:[minute] [period]") - #endTime.display("[hour repr:12]:[minute] [period]")
+  ]
+}
+
+#let days = ("monday", "tuesday", "wednesday", "thursday", "friday", "saturday")
+
+#table(
+  align: horizon + center,
+  columns: (auto,) + (1fr,) * lunchAfterPeriod + (auto,) + (1fr,) * (mat.numPeriods - lunchAfterPeriod),
+  table.header([Period], ..for i in range(lunchAfterPeriod) {
+    ([#(i + 1)],)
+  }, [], ..for i in range(lunchAfterPeriod, mat.numPeriods) {
+    ([#(i + 1)],)
+  }),
+  [Time],
+  ..for i in range(lunchAfterPeriod) {
+    ([#getTime(mat.firstPeriodStartTime + i * 100)],)
+  },
+  table.cell(rowspan: 7)[Lunch],
+  ..for i in range(lunchAfterPeriod, mat.numPeriods) {
+    ([#getTime(mat.firstPeriodStartTime + i * 100 + 100)],)
+  },
+  ..for day in days {
+    (upper(day), ..for i in range(mat.numPeriods) {
+      let slots = mat.days.at(day).at(i)
+      ([#slots.join("\n")],)
+    })
+  },
+)

notes/CS10003.typ

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+#import "template.typ": *
+
+#show: project
+
+= CS10003: Programming and Data Structures [Autumn 2024-25]
+
+- Course Website: https://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~soumya/pds-th/pds-th.html
+
+- Additional Resources: https://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/pds/notes/
+
+- Instructor: Prof. Pralay Mitra (Section 2)
+- Course Coordinator: Prof. Soumyajit Dey
+
+- Class Test Dates: Aug 28th, Oct 29th (7-8)
+
+#dated(datetime(day: 5, month: 8, year: 2024))
+
+Computer hardware is designed to "understand" certain sequences of 0s and 1s (binary code) as instructions, to perform
+certain actions. 
+
+When a user interacts with a computer, a third party software ("translator") is required to "translate" the user's
+instructions (in a high-level language) into machine code. This software can be an _interpreter_ or a _compiler_.
+- *Interpreter* converts high-level code to machine code line-by-line, executing each line immediately.
+- *Compiler* converts high-level code to machine code all at once, and the machine code is executed later.
+
+*Syntax* is the rules defining the allowable structure of a program. 
+
+*Semantics* is the meaning of the program.
+
+A program consists of various units. The smallest unit is a *token*, which is a sequence of characters that represents a
+single unit of the program. Tokens can be keywords, identifiers, constants, operators, etc. A *statement* is an
+instruction which is created by combining tokens. A *program* is a collection of statements.
+
+*Problem Solving*
+- Clearly specify the problem.
+- Create a flowchart/algorithm.
+- Convert it to a program.
+- Compile the program.
+- Execute the program.
+
+#dated(datetime(day: 6, month: 8, year: 2024))
+
+== Basic structure of a C program
+
+The following program is a simple C program that prints "Hello, World!" on the screen.
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main()
+{
+    printf("Hello, World!\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+The program consists of the following elements:
+
+- `#include <stdio.h>`: This line imports the library file `stdio.h` which contains the `printf()` function and other
+  standard input/output functions.
+
+- `int main()`: This is the main function of the program. The program execution starts from this function. The code inside
+  the curly braces `{}` is the body of the function.
+
+- `printf("Hello, World!\n");`: This line prints the string "Hello, World!" to the standard output (usually the screen).
+  - The `\n` "escape sequence" is used to print a newline character. (Other escape sequences include `\t` for tab, `\\` for
+    backslash, etc.)
+
+
+== Compilation
+
+We can compile the program using the `gcc` compiler. The command to compile the program is:
+
+```bash
+gcc program.c
+```
+
+`gcc` compiles our C code into machine code, which is stored in a file named `a.out` (this file is called an executable
+file). To run the program, we can use the following command:
+
+```bash
+./a.out
+```
+
+To change the name of the output file, we can use the `-o` option: ```bash
+gcc program.c -o program
+./program
+```
+
+Steps of compilation:
+1. The compiler compiles the source code and generates an object file. (`hello.o`)
+2. The linker links the object file with the standard C library to generate an executable file. (`a.out`)
+
+== Variables, Data types and input
+
+A *variable* is a named memory location that stores a value. A *data type* specifies the type of data that a variable
+can hold.
+
+In C, the basic data types are:
+- `int`: Integer (2/4 bytes, format specifier `%d`)
+- `float`: Floating-point number (real number) (4 bytes, format specifier `%f`)
+- `char`: Character (1 byte, format specifier `%c`)
+
+To define a variable, you need to specify the data type and the variable name. For example: `int num;` creates a
+variable of type `int` named `num`.
+
+The `scanf` function is used to read input from the user. For example, the following program reads an integer from the
+user and prints it:
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main()
+{
+    int num;
+    scanf("%d", &num);
+    printf("%d\n", num);
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+In the `scanf` function, the `%d` format specifier is used to read an integer. The second argument passed to `scanf` is
+`&num`, where the `&` operator is used to get the address of the variable `num`. This is required because `scanf` needs
+to know the address of the memory location where the input should be stored. Thus, whatever value is entered by the user
+will be stored in the variable `num`.
+
+== Expressions and Operators
+
+Arithmetic operators in C include `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`. Relational operators include `==`, `!=`, `>`, `<`, `>=`,
+`<=`. Logical operators include `&&`, `||`, `!`.
+
+Note that the `/` (division) operator performs integer division if both operands are integers. For example, `5 / 2` will
+be `2`. To perform floating-point division, at least one of the operands should be a floating-point number. For example,
+`5.0 / 2` will be `2.5`.
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main()
+{
+    int a;
+
+    scanf("%d", &a);
+
+    a = a + 10;
+
+    printf("%d\n", a);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+The above program reads an integer from the user, adds 10 to it, and prints the result.
+
+== Characters and Strings
+
+A *character* is a single alphabet, digit, or special symbol enclosed within single quotes (`' '`). A *string* is a
+sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes (`" "`).
+
+So, `'A'` is a character, and `"Hello"` is a string. 
+
+In terms of memory, a character occupies 1 byte, while a string occupies multiple bytes depending on the number of
+characters. A string is terminated by a null character (`'\0'`), which is automatically added at the end of the string.
+So, a string of length `n` occupies `n+1` bytes in memory.