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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/using-cql-with-legacy-column-families.html">Using <span class="caps">CQL</span> with legacy column families</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-09-13T20:47:00-04:00"> Sat 13 September 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>We use <a href="http://cassandra.apache.org/">Cassandra</a> extensively <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/JimmyMrdell/playlists-at-spotify-cassandra-summit-london-2013?related=1">at work</a>, and up till recently we’ve been using mostly Cassandra 1.2 with <a href="https://github.com/Netflix/astyanax">Astyanax</a> and <a href="https://thrift.apache.org/">Thrift</a> protocol in Java applications. Very recently we started adopting Cassandra 2.0 with <span class="caps">CQL</span>, <a href="https://github.com/datastax/java-driver">DataStax Java Driver</a> and binary protocol.</p>
<p>While one should move to <span class="caps">CQL</span> schema to take full advantage of the new protocol and storage engine, it’s still possible to use <span class="caps">CQL</span> and the new driver on existing clusters. Say we have a legacy column family with <code>UTF8Type</code> for row/column keys and <code>BytesType</code> for values, it would look like this in <code>cassandra-cli</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">create</span> <span class="k">column</span> <span class="n">family</span> <span class="k">data</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">column_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'Standard'</span>
<span class="k">and</span> <span class="n">comparator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'UTF8Type'</span>
<span class="k">and</span> <span class="n">default_validation_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'BytesType'</span>
<span class="k">and</span> <span class="n">key_validation_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'UTF8Type'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>And this in <code>cqlsh</code> after setting <code>start_native_transport: true</code> in <code>cassandra.yaml</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="k">data</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">key</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">column1</span> <span class="nb">text</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">value</span> <span class="nb">blob</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="n">COMPACT</span> <span class="k">STORAGE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>In this table, <code>key</code> and <code>column1</code> corresponds to row and column keys in the legacy column family and <code>value</code> corresponds to column value.</p>
<p>Queries to look up a column value, an entire row, and selected columns in a row would look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">mykeyspace</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="k">data</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="k">key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'rowkey'</span> <span class="k">AND</span> <span class="n">column1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'colkey'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">column1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">mykeyspace …</span></pre></div>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/dotfiles-update.html">dotfiles update</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-08-21T22:14:00-04:00"> Thu 21 August 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>I’ve been using my current <a href="https://www.lyh.me/dotfiles.html">dotfiles</a> setup for a while and felt it’s time to freshen up. I focused on updating the look and feel of Vim and tmux this round.</p>
<p>First I switched to <a href="https://github.com/tomasr/molokai">molokai</a> color theme for Vim, <a href="http://macromates.com/">TextMate</a> (monokai) and <a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/">IntelliJ <span class="caps">IDEA</span></a> (using <a href="https://github.com/y3sh/Intellij-Colors-Sublime-Monokai">this</a>). I guess I grew tired of the old trusted <a href="http://ethanschoonover.com/solarized">solarized</a>, plus with my new MacBook Pro 13” at highest resolution, it just doesn’t feel sharp enough.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/Lokaltog/vim-powerline">vim-powerline</a> plugin I was using is being deprecated and replaced by <a href="https://github.com/Lokaltog/powerline">powerline</a>, which supports vim, tmux, zsh, and many others. However it requires Python and I had trouble using it with some really old Vim versions at work. So instead I switched to a pure VimL plugin, <a href="https://github.com/bling/vim-airline">vim-airline</a>. Not surprisingly there’s a companion plugin, <a href="https://github.com/edkolev/tmuxline.vim">tmuxline</a> for tmux as well. Both have no extra dependencies which is a big plus for me since I use the same dotfiles on Mac, my Ubuntu Trusty destop at work, and many Debian Squeeze servers.</p>
<p>I also updated a couple of other Vim plugins along the process, replacing <a href="https://github.com/garbas/vim-snipmate">vim-snipmate</a> with <a href="https://github.com/SirVer/ultisnips">ultisnips</a>, <a href="https://github.com/bitc/vim-bad-whitespace">vim-bad-whitespace</a> with <a href="https://github.com/ntpeters/vim-better-whitespace">vim-better-whitespace</a> (no pun intended), and adding <a href="https://github.com/airblade/vim-gitgutter">vim-gutter</a>. The biggest discovery is <a href="https://github.com/Lokaltog/vim-easymotion">vim-easymotion</a> though, perfect …</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/on-being-a-polyglot.html">On being a polyglot</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-08-21T21:26:00-04:00"> Thu 21 August 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>I’m kind of known as a polyglot among coworkers. We would often argue that instead of hiring great Java/Python/C++ developers, we should rather strive to hire great engineers with strong <span class="caps">CS</span> fundamentals who can pick up any language easily. I came from scientific computing background, doing mostly C/C++/Python many years ago. Over the course of the last three years at my current job I coded seven languages professionally, some out of interest and some necessity. I enjoyed the experience learning all these different things and want to share my experience here, what I learned from each one of them and how it helps me becoming a better engineer.</p>
<h2>C</h2>
<p>The first language I used seriously, apart from <span class="caps">LOGO</span> <span class="amp">&</span> <span class="caps">BASIC</span> when I was a kid of course. It’s probably the closest thing one can get to the operating system and bare metal without dropping down to assembly (while you still can in C). It’s a simple language whose syntax served as the basis of many successors like C++ <span class="amp">&</span> Java. It doesn’t offer any fancy features like <span class="caps">OOP</span> or namespaces, but rather depends on the developer’s skill for organizing large code base (think …</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/how-many-copies.html">How many copies</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-08-02T20:48:00-04:00"> Sat 02 August 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>One topic that came up a lot when optimizing Scala data applications is the performance of standard collections, or the hidden cost of temporary copies. The collections <span class="caps">API</span> is easy to learn and maps well to many Python concepts where a lot of data engineers are familiar with. But the performance penalty can be pretty big when it’s repeated over millions of records in a <span class="caps">JVM</span> with limited heap.</p>
<h2>Mapping values</h2>
<p>Let’s take a look at one most naive example first, mapping the values of a <code>Map</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">val</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="k">=</span> <span class="nc">Map</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"A"</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"B"</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"C"</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">toList</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">=></span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)).</span><span class="n">toMap</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Looks simple enough but obviously not optimal. Two temporary <code>List[(String, Int)]</code> were created, one from <code>toList</code> and one from <code>map</code>. <code>map</code> also creates 3 copies of <code>(String, Int)</code>.</p>
<p>There are a few commonly seen variations. These don’t create temporary collections but still key-value tuples.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="o">((</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="k"><-</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">map</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="k">=></span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>If one reads the <a href="http://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.10.4/index.html#scala.collection.immutable.Map">ScalaDoc</a> closely, there’s a <code>mapValues</code> method already and it probably is the shortest and most performant.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapValues</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">_</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span>
</pre></div>
<h2>Java conversion</h2>
<p>Similar problem exists …</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/why-functional-why-scala.html">Why Functional? Why Scala?</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-07-28T23:03:00-04:00"> Mon 28 July 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>I recently did an internal talk at Spotify on why every data engineer should know something about functional programming languages and Scala. And here are the <a href="/slides/pitch.html">slides</a>.</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/light-table.html">Light Table</a></h2>
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<a href="https://www.lyh.me/tag/light-table.html">light-table</a>
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<div class="summary"><p>I recently picked up <a href="http://www.lighttable.com/">Light Table</a> for <a href="http://clojure.org/">Clojure</a> development and liked it. Form evaluation works out of the box and indentation is better than that in <a href="http://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/?id=4050">La Clojure</a> plugin for <a href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/">IntelliJ <span class="caps">IDEA</span></a>.</p>
<p>I particularly like the idea of command bar, which allows you to search for Light Table commands by name and execute them quickly. I was already used to <span class="caps">IDEA</span>’s key map though (<code>Mac OS X 10.5+</code> which is more natural to Mac users than the default <code>Mac OS X</code>), and wanted something similar. The setting files are in Clojure so it’s easy to customize. This is what I got so far for <code>user.keymap</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:+</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:app</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"alt-space"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:show-commandbar-transient</span><span class="p">]}</span>
<span class="ss">:editor</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"alt-w"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.watch.watch-selection</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"alt-shift-w"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.watch.unwatch</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"ctrl-alt-i"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:smart-indent-selection</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"ctrl-alt-c"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:toggle-console</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"ctrl-shift-j"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.sublime.joinLines</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"pmeta-d"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.sublime.duplicateLine</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"pmeta-shift-up"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.sublime.swapLineUp</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"pmeta-shift-down"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:editor.sublime.swapLineDown</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s">"pmeta-/"</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ss">:toggle-comment-selection</span> <span class="ss">:editor.line-down</span><span class="p">]}}}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Apart from these, I found myself using <code>"pmeta-enter" [:eval-editor-form]</code> and <code>"ctrl-d" [:editor.doc.toggle]</code> most when writing Clojure code. After all they are probably the most essential ones no matter what editor you use :)</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/dotfiles.html">dotfiles</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-07-27T09:43:00-04:00"> Sun 27 July 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>My <a href="https://github.com/nevillelyh/dotfiles/">dotfiles</a> is probably the most copied code among my coworkers and today I will give a little break down of the code base.</p>
<h2>zsh</h2>
<p>I switched to <a href="http://www.zsh.org/">zsh</a> 3 years ago and never looked back. There’s also <a href="https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh">oh-my-zsh</a>, a framework for managing <span class="caps">ZSH</span> configuration. The features I found most useful are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Tab completion, including hostnames and arguments</li>
<li>History across multiple sessions</li>
<li>Plugins and themes</li>
</ul>
<p>My <a href="https://github.com/nevillelyh/dotfiles/blob/master/.zshrc">.zshrc</a> is mostly out of the box with some <a href="https://github.com/nevillelyh/dotfiles/blob/master/.dotfiles/zsh/zshrc">aliases</a> and a few plugins thrown in but decided to create my own <a href="https://github.com/nevillelyh/dotfiles/blob/master/.dotfiles/zsh/sinisa.zsh-theme">theme</a>. I use colors for hostname in the prompt, green for local and red for remote. I also tweaked <code>git</code> status a bit to show untracked files (red dots), unstaged (yellow) <span class="amp">&</span> staged (green) changes, plus number stashed changes since that’s the one thing I keep doing and forgetting about.</p>
<h2>git</h2>
<p>I use <code>git</code> both for work and personal projects, plus contributing to open source projects on <a href="https://github.com/">GitHub</a>. My <a href="https://github.com/nevillelyh/dotfiles/blob/master/.gitconfig">.gitconfig</a> includes both a global <code>gitignore</code> file and a <code>templatedir</code>, which includes hooks for <a href="http://ctags.sourceforge.net/">ctags</a> and <a href="https://code.google.com/p/gerrit/">Gerrit</a>. The hooks are installed automatically for every repo.</p>
<p>Since I type hundreds of <code>git</code> commands on a daily basis, I aliased <code>git</code> to simply <code>g …</code></p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/first-real-post-with-pelican.html">First (real) post with Pelican</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-07-26T22:47:00-04:00"> Sat 26 July 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>Finally decided to jump (back) on the blogging bandwagon. This time I decided to use a static site generator, since that seems the cool thing to do these days, and found this <a href="https://www.staticgen.com/">site</a>. I want something in a language I know well, so Ruby or JavaScript is out. It should also be actively maintained, so Scala is out since <a href="https://github.com/wspringer/monkeyman">monkeyman</a>, the only entry there, seems abandoned. I eventually settled on <a href="http://blog.getpelican.com/">Pelican</a>, the top ranked Python framework.</p>
<p>I set up a new <a href="http://virtualenv.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">virtualenv</a> with <a href="http://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">virtualenvwrapper</a> and also discovered <a href="https://github.com/kennethreitz/autoenv">autoenv</a> along the way. It was easy to get started with the <code>pelican-quickstart</code> script and in a few minutes I have a working site already. Next I went shopping for themes in <a href="https://github.com/getpelican/pelican-themes">pelican-themes</a> and picked <a href="https://github.com/DandyDev/pelican-bootstrap3.git">pelican-bootstrap3</a>. Turns out it doesn’t work with <a href="https://www.spotify.com">Spotify</a> icon yet so I forked the repo and made a quick <a href="https://github.com/DandyDev/pelican-bootstrap3/pull/115"><span class="caps">PR</span></a>.</p>
<p>After some further tweaking with the settings I was pretty happy with the results. I went on to set up <a href="https://disqus.com/">Disqus</a> and <a href="http://www.google.com/analytics/">Google Analytics</a> for the site, and published it to my <a href="https://www.linode.com/">Linode</a> with <code>make ssh_upload</code>.</p>
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<h2><a href="https://www.lyh.me/hello-world.html">Hello world!</a></h2>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-07-26T22:47:00-04:00"> Sat 26 July 2014</time>
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<div class="summary"><p>Hello world!</p>
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