supplement-ichthyosaur_macroevolution_biber.bib

@ARTICLE{Bapst2012MEE,
  AUTHOR = {Bapst, David W},
  DATE = {2012-06},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00223.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/UJGCKHB2/AD05FE08-BC65-40C1-BDC5-80AF728E82FB.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {803--807},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Methods Ecol. Evol.},
  TITLE = {Paleotree: An {{R}} Package for Paleontological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Evolution},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Laurin2004SB,
  AUTHOR = {Laurin, M.},
  DATE = {2004},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Systematic Biology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGES = {594--622},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Syst. Biol.},
  TITLE = {The {{Evolution}} of {{Body Size}}, {{Cope's}} Rule and the Origin of Amniotes},
  VOLUME = {53},
}

@ARTICLE{Moon2018JSP,
  ABSTRACT = {The largest phylogenetic analysis of ichthyosaurs to date is presented, with 114 ingroup taxa coded at species level. Completeness of the taxa included varied from {$>$} 98\% to {$<$} 2\%; 10 taxa were removed a priori using Concatabominations due to incompleteness and taxonomic uncertainty. The data were analysed using three widely used optimization criteria, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference; while similar, each criterion produced different topologies, support and levels of resolution. Maximum parsimony found a poorly-resolved consensus tree with moderate improvement from a posteriori pruning of unstable taxa; however, general support remained low. Tree resolution was reduced more by taxa that lacked codings from phylogenetically important regions of the tree, rather than by those that simply lacked many codings. Resolution present in the most likely tree is poorly supported; sister relationships cannot be confirmed, although similarities are found to the most parsimonious tree. Bayesian inference found poorly resolved consensus trees. While more resolved, an equal-distribution rate prior is significantly worse than the null gamma-distribution rate prior for morphological data, but suggests rate heterogeneity across ichthyosaur phylogeny. Tree comparisons under each analytical criterion failed to select a single best tree; however, the Bayesian inference tree with gamma-distribution rate prior is selected as the best tree based on recent analyses showing improved accuracy using this criterion. Unequivocally resolved clades include Ichthyopterygia, Ichthyosauria, Shastasauria, Euichthyosauria, Parvipelvia and Neoichthyosauria, but with variation in their taxonomic components. Mixosauridae and Ophthalmosauridae are similarly recovered, but their definitions are modified to stem-based definitions to prevent substantial variation of included taxa. Several genera are not monophyletic: \emph{Brachypterygius, Leptonectes, Mixosaurus, Ophthalmosaurus, Paraophthalmosaurus, Phalarodon, Platypterygius, Stenopterygius, Temnodontosaurus} and \emph{Undorosaurus.} Complex and variable relationships suggest the need for new characters and a re-evaluation of the state of ichthyosaur phylogenetics.},
  AUTHOR = {Moon, Benjamin C.},
  DATE = {2018-02},
  DOI = {10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/4QD7IZF9/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9405.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/6YSTRBFD/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9401.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/7ACSHZXI/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9407.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/7TQ3U33Y/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9415.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/B7KULNG3/tjsp_a_1394922_sm1907.xlsx;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/BQVZVXNR/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9399.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/EGK799XD/tjsp_a_1394922_sm1903.txt;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/GFFX8AKE/tjsp_a_1394922_sm0622.nex;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/GXR5PW3D/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9420.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/H93LWVHP/Moon_2018_J_Syst_Palaeontol_A_new_phylogeny_of_ichthyosaurs_(Reptilia.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/P24E2A9T/tjsp_a_1394922_sm9414.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/QTF9CNCH/tjsp_a_1394922_sm0623.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/R5H5DCUR/tjsp_a_1394922_sm1902.run},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Systematic Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {phylogenetics,ichthyosaurs,Systematics},
  LANGID = {english},
  NOTE = {ZSCC: NoCitationData[s1]},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {129--155},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Syst. Palaeontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Phylogeny of Ichthyosaurs ({{Reptilia}}: {{Diapsida}})},
  VOLUME = {17},
}

@SOFTWARE{RCoreTeam2019,
  AUTHOR = {{R Core Team}},
  LOCATION = {Vienna, Austria},
  ORGANIZATION = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
  URL = {http://www.R-project.org/},
  DATE = {2019-07-19},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  TITLE = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
  VERSION = {3.6.1},
}

@ARTICLE{Lloyd2016BJLS,
  AUTHOR = {Lloyd, Graeme T.},
  DATE = {2016-02-17},
  DOI = {10.1111/bij.12746},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/K4MRKWBJ/50BA7FA4-F875-4310-94D3-8782EE5AB5C3.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {131--151},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Biol. J. Linn. Soc.},
  TITLE = {Estimating Morphological Diversity and Tempo with Discrete Character-Taxon Matrices: Implementation, Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions},
  VOLUME = {118},
}

@ARTICLE{Close2015CB,
  AUTHOR = {Close, Roger A. and Friedman, Matt and Lloyd, Graeme T. and Benson, Roger B. J.},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier BV},
  DATE = {2015-07-16},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.047},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/6Y8BXXEJ/CE5109F2-9231-4527-BF09-9FC62ACDCB86.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Current Biology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {16},
  PAGES = {2137--2142},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Curr. Biol.},
  TITLE = {Evidence for a Mid-{{Jurassic}} Adaptive Radiation in Mammals},
  VOLUME = {25},
}

@ARTICLE{Wills1994P,
  ABSTRACT = {Disparity is a measure of the range or significance of morphology in a given sample of organisms, as opposed to diversity, which is expressed in terms of the number (and sometimes ranking) of taxa. At present there is no agreed definition of disparity, much less any consensus on how to measure it. Two possible categories of metric are considered here, one independent of any hypothesis of relationship (phenetics), the other constrained within an evolutionary framework (cladistics). The Early Cambrian radiation was clearly a period of significant morphologic and taxonomic diversification. However, we question the interpretation of its first generation products as numerous body plans at the highest level. Four phenetic and two cladistic measures have been used to compare disparity among Cambrian arthropods with that in the living fauna. Phenetic methods assessing character-state variability and the amount of morphological attribute space occupied yield similar results for Cambrian and Recent arthropods. Assessments of disparity within a taxonomic framework rely on the identification of particular characters that delineate higher level body plans. This requires a phylogenetic interpretation, a cladistic investigation of hierarchical structure in the data. Both sets of arthropods fall within the same major clades, and within this cladistic framework the amount of character-state evolution in the two groups is comparable. None of these methods identifies markedly greater disparity among the Cambrian compared with the Recent taxa. Although measures of disparity are applied here to a consideration of the Cambrian radiation, the metrics clearly have a much wider potential for estimating macroevolutionary trends independently from existing taxonomic frameworks. Geometric morphometry is ideal for measuring morphological variety at lower taxonomic levels, but it requires the recognition of homologous landmarks in all the forms under comparison, or the identification of entire homologous structures. Conventional phenetics has much wider application as it can operate on data coded as discrete homologous character states (this facility is also a requirement of cladistics), which are a more appropriate basis for comparing disparity in markedly dissimilar forms.},
  AUTHOR = {Wills, Matthew A and Briggs, Derek E G and Fortey, Richard A},
  DATE = {1994-05},
  DOI = {10.1017/S009483730001263X},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/8IV9BMWK/F0A87155-1EC1-45CE-BFC4-DABE043EF029.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paleobiology},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {93--130},
  TITLE = {Disparity as an Evolutionary Index: A Comparison of {{Cambrian}} and {{Recent}} Arthropods},
  VOLUME = {20},
}

@ARTICLE{Gower1971B,
  AUTHOR = {Gower, J. C.},
  DATE = {1971},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Biometrics},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGES = {774--786},
  TITLE = {A General Coefficient of Similarity and Some of Its Properties},
  VOLUME = {24},
}

@ARTICLE{FlannerySutherland2019PRSBBS,
  ABSTRACT = {How much of evolutionary history is lost because of the unevenness of thefossil record? Lagerstätten, sites which have historically yielded exceptionallypreserved fossils, provide remarkable, yet distorting insights into past life.When examining macroevolutionary trends in the fossil record, they can gen-erate an uneven sampling signal for taxonomic diversity; by comparison, theireffect on morphological variety (disparity) is poorly understood. We showhere that lagersta ̈tten impact the disparity of ichthyosaurs, Mesozoic marinereptiles, by preserving higher diversity and more complete specimens. Else-where in the fossil record, undersampled diversity and more fragmentaryspecimens produce spurious results. We identify a novel effect, that a taxonmoves towards the centroid of a Generalized Euclidean dataset as its pro-portion of missing data increases. We term this effect ‘centroid slippage’, asa disparity-based analogue of phylogenetic stemward slippage. Our resultssuggest that uneven sampling presents issues for our view of disparity inthe fossil record, but that this is also dependent on the methodology used,especially true with widely used Generalized Euclidean distances. Mitigationof missing cladistic data is possible by phylogenetic gap filling, and hetero-geneous effects of lagersta ̈tten on disparity may be accounted for byunderstanding the factors affecting their spatio-temporal distribution.},
  AUTHOR = {Flannery Sutherland, Joseph T. and Moon, Benjamin C. and Stubbs, Thomas L. and Benton, Michael J.},
  DATE = {2019-02-27},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0091},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/28AHTFHI/Flannery_Sutherland_et_al_2019_Does_exception_preservation_distort_our_view_of_disparity_in_the_fossil_record.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  PAGES = {20190091},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.},
  TITLE = {Does Exceptional Preservation Distort Our View of Disparity in the Fossil Record?},
  VOLUME = {286},
}

@ARTICLE{Lehmann2019P,
  AUTHOR = {Lehmann, Oscar E. R. and Ezcurra, Martı́n D. and Butler, Richard J. and Lloyd, Graeme T.},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  DATE = {2019-05},
  DOI = {10.1111/pala.12430},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/D7M2LYRJ/Lehmann et al. - 2019 - Biases with the Generalized Euclidean Distance Mea.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  PAGES = {1--13},
  TITLE = {Biases with the Generalized {{Euclidean}} Distance Measure in Disparity Analyses with High Levels of Missing Data},
}

@ARTICLE{Caillez1983P,
  AUTHOR = {Caillez, Francis},
  DATE = {1983-06},
  DOI = {10.1007/BF02294026},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Psychometrika},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {305--308},
  TITLE = {The Analytical Solution of the Additive Constant Problem},
  VOLUME = {48},
}

@ARTICLE{Wills1998BJLS,
  ABSTRACT = {Crustaceans have been an important component of marine diversity and biomass since the earliest Phanerozoic. With a relatively well‐documented fossil record, they provide an excellent subject for a continuous study of disparity (≅ bodyplan variety) from the Cambrian to the Recent. A data base of 135 morphological characters forms the basis for cladistic and morphospace studies at the ordinal and sub‐ordinal level. Gross cladistic topology is: (Eumalacostraca + Hoplocarida vs Maxillopoda) vs Phyllopoda (paraphyletic). Each of these groups is of approximately equal disparity, and occupies a distinct region of the morphospace plot. A few problematical fossils (e.g. \emph{Waptia} and \emph{Odaraia}) fall close to the base of the tree. Comparison of the cladogram with stratigraphic range data indicates the location of probable ghost lineages, and randomization procedures provide a statistical test of the goodness of fit of a given set of stratigraphic ranges to a given tree topology. Disparity indices are calculated at series and stage intervals. Observed range data indicate that Cambrian disparity was approximately one third its present level. The Earliest Ordovician saw a marked decrease, with an increase and subsequent plateau through rest of the period. Increases through the Silurian and Devonian corresponded to the radiation of branchiopods, cephalocarids, and latterly the Eumalacostraca and Hoplocarida. By the end of the Carboniferous, observed disparity had reached over four fifths of Recent levels, and the remaining history of the group saw a gradual but slightly irregular increase up until the end of the Tertiary. Indices of disparity incorporating ghost lineages exhibit less marked peaks and troughs, with fewer perturbations overall. Cladistically‐implied disparity in the Lower Cambrian is estimated at three quarters of that in the Recent. Rarefaction is used to compare actual levels of disparity at each time interval with the mean for a similar number of taxa selected randomly from the list of all realized bodyplans. Most intervals preserved a range of forms more disparate than the mean of random samples drawn from the pool of all the taxa considered. From the Triassic to the Recent this difference was intermittently significant. Once occupied, extremes of morphospace tend not to fall vacant again.},
  AUTHOR = {Wills, Matthew A},
  DATE = {1998-12},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01149.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/CQK8G28C/5E5CD3C0-D290-44F1-9A27-7AC718623D51.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {455--500},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Biol. J. Linn. Soc.},
  TITLE = {Crustacean Disparity through the {{Phanerozoic}}: Comparing Morphological and Stratigraphic Data},
  VOLUME = {65},
}

@ARTICLE{Thorne2011PNAS,
  ABSTRACT = {Ichthyosaurs were important marine predators in the Early Jurassic, and an abundant and diverse component of Mesozoic marine ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, however, the Early Jurassic species represent a reduced remnant of their former significance in the Triassic. Ichthyosaurs passed through an evolutionary bottleneck at, or close to, the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, which reduced their diversity to as few as three or four lineages. Diversity bounced back to some extent in the aftermath of the end-Triassic mass extinction, but disparity remained at less than one-tenth of pre-extinction levels, and never recovered. The group remained at low diversity and disparity for its final 100 Myr. The end-Triassic mass extinction had a previously unsuspected profound effect in resetting the evolution of apex marine predators of the Mesozoic.},
  AUTHOR = {Thorne, Philippa M and Ruta, Marcello and Benton, Michael J},
  PUBLISHER = {[object Object]},
  DATE = {2011-05},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1018959108},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/SUFKC9L8/D761FD38-5065-4B25-9866-CC6A8AA6610F.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {20},
  PAGES = {8339--8344},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.},
  TITLE = {Resetting the Evolution of Marine Reptiles at the {{Triassic}}-{{Jurassic}} Boundary},
  VOLUME = {108},
}

@ARTICLE{Guillerme2018MEE,
  ABSTRACT = {1. Biological data is multivariate in essence: many traits in organisms covary with each other in space and time. This causes biologists to either reduce these to a manageable number of variables or, increasingly, to use multivariate toolkits. One such toolkit is based on creating a multidimensional space where the variables are the axes. It is then possible to measure diverse aspects of the distribution of some observation (e.g. species) in this space. For example, if studying morphology, one can create a morphospace for two groups of species, measure the volume occupied by each of these groups and then test whether these two volumes are significantly different or not. 2. There are as many definitions of these multidimensional spaces, metrics and tests as there are questions that can be tackled with such methods. Many of these methods are implemented in specific software or r packages. However, the definition of the space, metric and test is often dependent on the software/package and authors points of view or specific questions. This can unfortunately hamper researchers' ability to apply different methods that best suits their specific questions. 3. Here I present the dispRity package, a flexible R package for performing multidimensional analysis. It allows users to define each step of the analysis (whether it is the space, the metric or the test) through a highly modular architecture where each definition can be passed as a function. It also provides a tidy interface through the dispRity object, allowing users to easily run reproducible multivariate analysis. 4. The dispRity package also comes with an extend manual regularly updated following users' questions or suggestions. Furthermore, the package contains some simulation tools (e.g to simulate complex multidimensional space or morphological data). Finally, it also contains a suite of utility functions to work with dispRity objects aimed at helping users to develop their own multidimensional metrics and/or tests.},
  AUTHOR = {Guillerme, Thomas},
  DATE = {2018-04-28},
  DOI = {10.1111/2041-210X.13022},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/STX7MBGE/Guillerme_2018_Methods_in_Ecology_and_Evolution_dispRity.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {1755--1763},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Methods Ecol Evol},
  TITLE = {{{dispRity}}: A Modular {{R}} Package for Measuring Disparity},
  VOLUME = {9},
}

@BOOK{Gradstein2012,
  ABSTRACT = {The Geologic Time Scale 2012, winner of a 2012 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Best Multi-volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers, is the framework for deciphering the history of our planet Earth. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date, international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This 2012 geologic time scale is an enhanced, improved and expanded version of the GTS2004, including chapters on planetary scales, the Cryogenian-Ediacaran periods/systems, a prehistory scale of human development, a survey of sequence stratigraphy, and an extensive compilation of stable-isotope chemostratigraphy. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs. The book also includes a detachable wall chart of the complete time scale for use as a handy reference in the office, laboratory or field. The most detailed international geologic time scale available that contextualizes information in one single reference for quick desktop access Gives insights in the construction, strengths, and limitations of the geological time scale that greatly enhances its function and its utility Aids understanding by combining with the mathematical and statistical methods to scaled composites of global succession of events Meets the needs of a range of users at various points in the workflow (researchers extracting linear time from rock records, students recognizing the geologic stage by their content)},
  AUTHOR = {Gradstein, F M and Ogg, James G and Schmitz, Mark and Ogg, Gabi},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
  URL = {http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=usoqlA8AVDUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:The+Geologic+Time+Scale+2012&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api},
  DATE = {2012-09},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/LW5ICDBA/A41790CC-B4B9-4D87-8F23-0C8551C88F5C.pdf},
  ISBN = {0-444-59448-5},
  KEYWORDS = {Geology,Stratigraphy},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGETOTAL = {1143},
  TITLE = {The {{Geologic Time Scale}} 2012},
}

@ARTICLE{Reisz1981SPMNHUK,
  AUTHOR = {Reisz, Robert R.},
  DATE = {1981-03-18},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/VI6SPSWL/21A97A2E-2217-4A8B-B9A7-B18E9605413C.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Special Publication of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  PAGES = {74 pp},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Spec Publ Mus Nat Hist Univ Kansas},
  TITLE = {A Diapsid Reptile from the {{Pennsylvanian}} of {{Kansas}}},
  VOLUME = {7},
}

@ARTICLE{Falcon-Lang2007JGSL,
  AUTHOR = {Falcon-Lang, H. J. and Benton, M. J. and Stimson, M.},
  DATE = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1144/0016-76492007-015},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of the Geological Society, London},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1113--1118},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Geol. Soc. Lond.},
  TITLE = {Ecology of the {{Earliest Reptiles Inferred}} from {{Basal Pennsylvanian Trackways}}},
  VOLUME = {164},
}

@ARTICLE{Ketchum2004CJES,
  AUTHOR = {Ketchum, Hilary F. and Barrett, Paul M.},
  DATE = {2004-01-24},
  DOI = {10.1139/E03-084},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1--8},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {New Reptile Material from the {{Lower Triassic}} of {{Madagascar}}: Implications for the {{Permian}}–{{Triassic}} Extinction Event},
  VOLUME = {41},
}

@ARTICLE{Reisz2011PRSB,
  ABSTRACT = {The initial stages of evolution of Diapsida (the large clade that includes not only snakes, lizards, crocodiles and birds, but also dinosaurs and numerous other extinct taxa) is clouded by an exceedingly poor Palaeozoic fossil record. Previous studies had indicated a 38 Myr gap between the first appearance of the oldest diapsid clade (Araeoscelidia), ca 304 million years ago (Ma), and that of its sister group in the Middle Permian (ca 266 Ma). Two new reptile skulls from the Richards Spur locality, Lower Permian of Oklahoma, represent a new diapsid reptile: Orovenator mayorum n. gen. et sp. A phylogenetic analysis identifies O. mayorum as the oldest and most basal member of the araeoscelidian sister group. As Richards Spur has recently been dated to 289 Ma, the new diapsid neatly spans the above gap by appearing 15 Myr after the origin of Diapsida. The presence of O. mayorum at Richards Spur, which records a diverse upland fauna, suggests that initial stages in the evolution of non-araeoscelidian diapsids may have been tied to upland environments. This hypothesis is consonant with the overall scant record for non-araeoscelidian diapsids during the Permian Period, when the well-known terrestrial vertebrate communities are preserved almost exclusively in lowland deltaic, flood plain and lacustrine sedimentary rocks.},
  AUTHOR = {Reisz, Robert R and Modesto, Sean P and Scott, Diane M},
  DATE = {2011-12},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2011.0439},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/TWE8FYXJ/85030E53-3580-4BE2-B4BF-9C1FB3E63C83.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1725},
  PAGES = {3731--3737},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc Roy Soc B},
  TITLE = {A New {{Early Permian}} Reptile and Its Significance in Early Diapsid Evolution},
  VOLUME = {278},
}

@ARTICLE{Ruta2011P,
  AUTHOR = {Ruta, Marcello and Cisneros, Juan C and Liebrecht, Torsten and Tsuji, Linda A and Müller, Johannes},
  DATE = {2011-04},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/PHIACJJD/E5FB6180-07EE-42E5-A344-49033D233499.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1117--1137},
  TITLE = {Amniotes through Major Biological Crises: Faunal Turnover among {{Parareptiles}} and the End-{{Permian}} Mass Extinction},
  VOLUME = {54},
}

@ARTICLE{Kissel2002CJES,
  AUTHOR = {Kissel, Richard A. and Dilkes, David W. and Reisz, Robert R.},
  DATE = {2002-09-12},
  DOI = {10.1139/E02-040},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1363--1372},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can J Earth Sci},
  TITLE = {{{{\emph{Captorhinus magnus,}}}} a New Captorhinid ({{Amniota}}: {{Eureptilia}}) from the {{Lower Permian}} of {{Oklahoma}}, with New Evidence on the Homology of the Astragalus},
  VOLUME = {39},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2012PO,
  ABSTRACT = {Background Ichthyosauria is a diverse clade of marine amniotes that spanned most of the Mesozoic. Until recently, most authors interpreted the fossil record as showing that three major extinction events affected this group during its history: one during the latest Triassic, one at the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary (JCB), and one (resulting in total extinction) at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. The JCB was believed to eradicate most of the peculiar morphotypes found in the Late Jurassic, in favor of apparently less specialized forms in the Cretaceous. However, the record of ichthyosaurs from the Berriasian–Barremian interval is extremely limited, and the effects of the end-Jurassic extinction event on ichthyosaurs remains poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Based on new material from the Hauterivian of England and Germany and on abundant material from the Cambridge Greensand Formation, we name a new ophthalmosaurid, Acamptonectes densus gen. et sp. nov. This taxon shares numerous features with Ophthalmosaurus, a genus now restricted to the Callovian–Berriasian interval. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Ophthalmosauridae diverged early in its history into two markedly distinct clades, Ophthalmosaurinae and Platypterygiinae, both of which cross the JCB and persist to the late Albian at least. To evaluate the effect of the JCB extinction event on ichthyosaurs, we calculated cladogenesis, extinction, and survival rates for each stage of the Oxfordian–Barremian interval, under different scenarios. The extinction rate during the JCB never surpasses the background extinction rate for the Oxfordian–Barremian interval and the JCB records one of the highest survival rates of the interval. Conclusions/Significance There is currently no evidence that ichthyosaurs were affected by the JCB extinction event, in contrast to many other marine groups. Ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs remained diverse from their rapid radiation in the Middle Jurassic to their total extinction at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous.},
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Maisch, Michael W and Naish, Darren and Kosma, Ralf and Liston, Jeff J and Joger, Ulrich and Krüger, Fritz J and Pérez, Judith Pardo and Tainsh, Jessica and Appleby, Robert M},
  PUBLISHER = {Public Library of Science},
  DATE = {2012-01},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0029234},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/QVQC9YSF/F3860F8C-E425-47CC-9801-26121C079603.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  KEYWORDS = {Acamptonectes},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {e29234--2},
  TITLE = {New {{Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs}} from the {{European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival}} across the {{Jurassic}}–{{Cretaceous Boundary}}},
  VOLUME = {7},
}

@ARTICLE{Bardet2000JP,
  AUTHOR = {Bardet, Nathalie and Fernández, Marta S.},
  DATE = {2000-06-01},
  DOI = {10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074\\&lt;0503:ANIFTU\\&gt;2.0.CO;2},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {503--511},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A {{New Ichthyosaur}} from the {{Upper Jurassic Lithographic Limestones}} of {{Bavaria}}},
  VOLUME = {74},
}

@ARTICLE{Maxwell2010JVP,
  ABSTRACT = {... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080 / 02724631003617944 . Published online: 24 March 2010. ... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080 / 02724631003617944 . Published online: 24 March 2010. FIGURE 2 Cranial elements of Arthropterygius chrisorum CMN 40608. ...},
  AUTHOR = {Maxwell, Erin E},
  DATE = {2010-04-24},
  DOI = {10.1080/02724631003617944},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/ZRIARUSU/1BFC884F-90E9-4559-83FE-770BFF9F9596.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Canada,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {403--415},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Vertebr. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {Generic Reassignment of an Ichthyosaur from the {{Queen Elizabeth Islands}}, {{Northwest Territories}}, {{Canada}}},
  VOLUME = {30},
}

@ARTICLE{Druckenmiller2010CJES,
  AUTHOR = {Druckenmiller, Patrick S and Maxwell, Erin E},
  DATE = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1139/E10-028},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/J6RWCX93/4C9CD0D8-5BF5-4CCE-B665-6D2862A93890.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {1037--1053},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {A New {{Lower Cretaceous}} (Lower {{Albian}}) Ichthyosaur Genus from the {{Clearwater Formation}}, {{Alberta}}, {{Canada}}},
  VOLUME = {47},
}

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  AUTHOR = {Jiang, Dayong and Schmitz, Lars and Hao, Weicheng and Sun, Yuan-Lin},
  DATE = {2006-03},
  DOI = {10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[60:ANMIFT]2.0.CO;2},
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  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {60--69},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Vertebr. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur from the {{Middle Triassic}} of {{China}}},
  VOLUME = {26},
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  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Besanosaurus},
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@ARTICLE{Moon2018MPS,
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@ARTICLE{Motani2015N,
  AUTHOR = {Motani, Ryosuke and Jiang, Da-Yong and Chen, Guanbao and Tintori, Andrea and Rieppel, Olivier and Ji, Cheng and Huang, Jian-Dong},
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@ARTICLE{Fernandez1997JP,
  ABSTRACT = {¡div class="title"¿A new ichthyosaur from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of the Neuquén Basin, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina¡/div¿ - Volume 71 Issue 3 - M. S. Fernández},
  AUTHOR = {Fernández, Marta S},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
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  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Ichthyosaur from the {{Tithonian}} ({{Late Jurassic}}) of the {{Neuquén Basin}}, Northwestern {{Patagonia}}, {{Argentina}}},
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  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Stenopterygius,Chacaicosaurus},
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  TITLE = {A New Long-Snouted Ichthyosaur from the {{Early Bajocian}} of {{Neuquén Basin}} ({{Argentina}})},
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@ARTICLE{Motani2014PO,
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  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
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  NUMBER = {2},
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  DOI = {10.1080/02724634.2014.892011},
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  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
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  SHORTJOURNAL = {J Vertebr Paleontol},
  TITLE = {Status of {{{\emph{Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis}}}} ({{Chen}}, 1985)},
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@ARTICLE{Chen2013AGS,
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  KEYWORDS = {Chaohusaurus},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {672--677},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Acta Geol. Sin.},
  TITLE = {A New {{Triassic}} Primitive Ichthyosaur from {{Yuanan}}, {{South China}}},
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@ARTICLE{Liu2013P,
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  DATE = {2013-02},
  DOI = {10.1111/pala.12021},
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  LANGID = {english},
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  TITLE = {The First Specimen of the {{Middle Triassic}} Ichthyosaur {{{\emph{Phalarodon atavus}}}} ({{Ichthyosauria}}: {{Mixosauridae}}) from {{South China}}, Showing Postcranial Anatomy and Peri-{{Tethyan}} Distribution},
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@ARTICLE{Tyborowski2016APP,
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  NUMBER = {4},
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  SHORTJOURNAL = {Acta Palaeontol. Pol.},
  TITLE = {A New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur Species from the {{Late Jurassic}} of {{Owadόw}}-{{Brzezinki Quarry}}, {{Poland}}},
  VOLUME = {61},
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  SHORTJOURNAL = {Nor. J. Geol.},
  TITLE = {Two New Ophthalmosaurids ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Agardhfjellet Formation}} ({{Upper Jurassic}}: {{Volgian}}/{{Tithonian}}), {{Svalbard}}, {{Norway}}},
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@ARTICLE{Zverkov2015PZIRa,
  ABSTRACT = {ABSTRACT The Upper Jurassic ichthyosaurs, characterized by the intermedium/humeral contact are known from several localities in Europe and North America. However, they are often described either briefly, or based on fragmentary material, resulting in a taxonomic tangle in most overviews. Grendelius McGowan, 1976 was previously synonymized with Brachypterygius Huene, 1922. However, it possesses a number of distinct features: ...},
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}

@ARTICLE{Pan2006ASNUP,
  AUTHOR = {Pan, Xin-Ru and Jiang, Dayong and Sun, Zuo-Yu and Cai, Tao and Zhang, Da-peng and Xie, Jia-Lin},
  DATE = {2006-03},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/4BPGYIT2/69AD4D05-A065-49C1-8A1A-4CB60B2BCD57.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {697--703},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Acta Scient Natur Univ Pekin},
  TITLE = {Discussion on {{{\emph{Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae}}}} {{Cao}} and {{Luo}} in {{Yin}} et al., 2000 ({{Reptilia}}, {{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Late Triassic}} of {{Guanling County}}, {{Guizhou}}},
  VOLUME = {42},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2007GC,
  ABSTRACT = {Image},
  AUTHOR = {Chen, Xiaohong and Cheng, Long and Sander, P Martin},
  DATE = {2007},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/TTSIIZCD/85B18CA4-D7B0-4ADF-9394-3767FF31554E.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Geology in China},
  KEYWORDS = {Shastasaurus,Callawayia},
  PAGES = {974--982},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Geol. China},
  TITLE = {A New Species of {{{\emph{Callawayia}}}} ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Late Triassic}} in {{Guanling}}, {{Guizhou}}},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@ARTICLE{Brinkman1992P,
  AUTHOR = {Brinkman, Donald B and Xijin, Zhao and Nicholls, Elizabeth L},
  DATE = {1992},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/TK8JE8VF/695BEC41-75E9-4797-85D9-DEEE8B6C1A3B.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {465--474},
  TITLE = {A Primitive Ichthyosaur from the {{Lower Triassic}} of {{British Columbia}}, {{Canada}}},
  VOLUME = {35},
}

@ARTICLE{Cuthbertson2013JVP,
  AUTHOR = {Cuthbertson, Robin S and Russell, Anthony P and Anderson, Jason S},
  DATE = {2013-07},
  DOI = {10.1080/02724634.2013.755989},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/5XAKAUER/8C80067C-686E-45D2-8CA1-E0417A8B190C.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Gulosaurus},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {831--847},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Vertebr. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {Cranial Morphology and Relationships of a New Grippidian ({{Ichthyopterygia}}) from the {{Vega}}–{{Phroso Siltstone Member}} ({{Lower Triassic}}) of {{British Columbia}}, {{Canada}}},
  VOLUME = {33},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch2008P,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W.},
  DATE = {2008-12-30},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/79UXPNQ4/17B4E11D-F9B5-4ED3-A999-D857B31B0150.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeodiversity},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {german},
  PAGES = {227--271},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Palaeodiversity},
  TITLE = {Revision der Gattung \emph{Stenopterygius} Jaekel, 1904 emend. von Huene, 1922 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) aus dem unteren Jura Westeuropas},
  VOLUME = {1},
}

@ARTICLE{Caine2011P,
  AUTHOR = {Caine, Hannah and Benton, Michael J.},
  DATE = {2011-09-01},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01093.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/JEP73HMM/Caine_Benton_2011_Palaeontology_Ichthyosauria_from_the_Upper_Lias_of_Strawberry_Bank,_England.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Toarcian,Stenopterygius,Hauffiopteryx,taxonomy,UK,ichthyosaurs},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1069--1093},
  TITLE = {Ichthyosauria from the {{Upper Lias}} of {{Strawberry Bank}}, {{England}}},
  VOLUME = {54},
}

@ARTICLE{Marek2015P,
  ABSTRACT = {Even after 200 years of study, some details of the cranial anatomy of ichthyosaurs, one of the most successful groups of marine vertebrates in the Mesozoic, are still unclear. New information on the braincase, palate and occiput are provided from three‐dimensional scans of an exceptionally preserved ichthyosaur (\emph{'Hauffiopteryx' typicus}) skull from the Toarcian (183--174 Ma, Lower Jurassic) of Strawberry Bank, England. This ichthyosaur has unusual, hollow, tubular hyoid bars. The occipital and braincase region is fully reconstructed, creating the first digital cranial endocast of an ichthyosaur. Enlarged optic lobes and an enlarged cerebellum suggest neuroanatomical adaptations that allowed it to be a highly mobile, visual predator. The olfactory region also appears to be enlarged, suggesting that olfaction was more important for ichthyosaurs than has been assumed. Phylogenetic analysis suggests this ichthyosaur is closely related to, but distinct from, \emph{Hauffiopteryx,} and positioned within Thunnosauria, a more derived position than previously recovered. These results further our knowledge of ichthyosaur cranial anatomy in three dimensions and provide a platform in which to study the anatomical adaptations that allowed ichthyosaurs to dominate the marine realm during the Mesozoic.},
  AUTHOR = {Marek, Ryan D. and Moon, Benjamin C. and Williams, Matt and Benton, Michael J.},
  DATE = {2015-07},
  DOI = {10.1111/pala.12174},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/RVH2AFDL/Marek_et_al_2015_The_skull_and_endocranium_of_a_Lower_Jurassic_ichthyosaur_based_on_digital_reconstructions.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Toarcian,Hauffiopteryx,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {723--742},
  TITLE = {The Skull and Endocranium of a {{Lower Jurassic}} Ichthyosaur Based on Digital Reconstructions},
  VOLUME = {58},
}

@ARTICLE{Motani1999P,
  AUTHOR = {Motani, Ryosuke and Manabe, Makoto and Dong, Zhiming M},
  DATE = {1999-06},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/G5A485ED/4A572B99-B567-4588-82B6-8DDF191C00CC.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paludicola},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Himalayasaurus,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {174--181},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Paludicola},
  TITLE = {The Status of {{{\emph{Himalayasaurus tibetensis}}}} ({{Ichthyopterygia}})},
  VOLUME = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1995CJES,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  DATE = {1995-03},
  DOI = {10.1139/e95-024},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/6K6FN7BI/568A89CF-A87C-402A-820A-92D714785CBD.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Macgowania},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {292--303},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {A Remarkable Small Ichthyosaur from the {{Upper Triassic}} of {{British Columbia}}, Representing a New Genus and Species},
  VOLUME = {32},
}

@ARTICLE{Carroll1991PTRSBBS,
  AUTHOR = {Carroll, Robert L and Zhi-Ming, D},
  DATE = {1991-02},
  DOI = {10.1098/rstb.1991.0004},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/DGKKZCDX/Carroll_Zhi-Ming_1991_Phil._Trans._R._Soc._B_iHupehsuchus-i,_an_enigmatic_aquatic_reptile_from_the_Triassic_of_China,.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Olenekian,Hupehsuchus,\#nosource,_tablet},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1260},
  PAGES = {131--153},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
  TITLE = {\emph{Hupehsuchus}, an Enigmatic Aquatic Reptile from the {{Triassic}} of {{China}}, and the Problem of Establishing Relationships},
  VOLUME = {331},
}

@INCOLLECTION{McGowan2003HoP,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher and Motani, Ryosuke},
  EDITOR = {Sues, Hans-Dieter},
  LOCATION = {Munich},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil},
  BOOKTITLE = {Handbook of {{Paleoherpetology}}},
  DATE = {2003},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  PAGES = {175},
  TITLE = {Ichthyopterygia},
  VOLUME = {8},
}

@ARTICLE{Lomax2015JVP,
  AUTHOR = {Lomax, Dean R and Massare, Judy A},
  DATE = {2015-02},
  DOI = {10.1080/02724634.2014.903260},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/IYGU2F8B/E4C6D3F8-C879-456E-A3EC-E45053B6D77B.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {e903260},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Vertebr. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Species of {{{\emph{Ichthyosaurus}}}} from the {{Lower Jurassic}} of {{West Dorset}}, {{England}}, {{U}}.{{K}}.},
  VOLUME = {35},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1974LSCROMa,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  LOCATION = {Toronto :},
  PUBLISHER = {Royal Ontario Museum,},
  DATE = {1974-12},
  DOI = {10.5962/bhl.title.52056},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/9KEYRBNE/19F35209-0AF5-4A7D-8CE6-9D324A1CA3D0.pdf},
  ISBN = {0888541651},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Life Sciences Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum},
  PAGES = {1--30},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Life Sci. Contrib. R. Ont. Mus.},
  TITLE = {A Revision of the Latipinnate Ichthyosaurs of the {{Lower Jurassic}} of {{England}} ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}})},
  VOLUME = {100},
}

@ARTICLE{Lomax2017PP,
  AUTHOR = {Lomax, Dean R and Massare, Judy A},
  DATE = {2017-02},
  DOI = {10.1002/spp2.1065},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/6NW6GBPF/Lomax_Massare_2017_Two_new_species_of_iIchthyosaurus-i_from_the_lowermost_Jurassic_(Hettangian)_of_Somerset,.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Papers in Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Ichthyosaurus,Jurassic,Hettangian,Sinemurian,taxonomy,UK,ichthyosaurs},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--20},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Pap. Palaeontol.},
  TITLE = {Two New Species of {{{\emph{Ichthyosaurus}}}} from the Lowermost {{Jurassic}} ({{Hettangian}}) of {{Somerset}}, {{England}}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Wiman1910BGIU,
  AUTHOR = {Wiman, Carl},
  DATE = {1910-12},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Bulletin of the Geological Institute of Upsala},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {124--148},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Bull Geol Inst Upsala},
  TITLE = {{{Ichthyosaurier}} Aus Der Trias {{Spitzbergen}}s},
  VOLUME = {10},
}

@ARTICLE{Roberts2014PO,
  ABSTRACT = {Abundant new ichthyosaur material has recently been documented in the Slottsmøya Member of the Agardhfjellet Formation from the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. Here we describe a partial skeleton of a new taxon, Janusaurus lundi, that includes much of the skull and representative portions of the postcranium. The new taxon is diagnosed by a suite of cranial character states including a very gracile stapedial shaft, the presence of a dorsal process on the prearticular and autapomorphic postcranial features such as the presence of an interclavicular trough and a conspicuous anterodorsal process of the ilium. The peculiar morphology of the ilia indicates a previously unrecognized degree of morphological variation in the pelvic girdle of ophthalmosaurids. We also present a large species level phylogenetic analysis of ophthalmosaurids including new and undescribed ichthyosaur material from the Upper Jurassic of Svalbard. Our results recover all Svalbard taxa in a single unresolved polytomy nested within Ophthalmosaurinae, which considerably increases the taxonomic composition of this clade. The paleobiogeographical implications of this result suggest the presence of a single clade of Boreal ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs that existed during the latest Jurassic, a pattern also reflected in the high degree of endemicity among some Boreal invertebrates, particularly ammonoids. Recent and ongoing descriptions of marine reptiles from the Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte provide important new data to test hypotheses of marine amniote faunal turnover at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.},
  AUTHOR = {Roberts, Aubrey Jane and Druckenmiller, Patrick Scott and Sætre, Glenn-Peter and Hurum, Jørn Harald},
  DATE = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0103152},
  EPRINT = {25084533},
  EPRINTTYPE = {pmid},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/3GDWFS2V/9AABD6BB-7BD4-45F9-AAE6-60DD0AEB984C.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  KEYWORDS = {Arthropterygius,Janusaurus},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {e103152},
  TITLE = {A New {{Upper Jurassic}} Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur from the {{Slottsmøya Member}}, {{Agardhfjellet}} Formation of {{Central Spitsbergen}}.},
  VOLUME = {9},
}

@ARTICLE{Delsett2017PO,
  ABSTRACT = {In spite of a fossil record spanning over 150 million years, pelvic girdle evolution in Ichthyopterygia is poorly known. Here, we examine pelvic girdle size relationships using quantitative methods and new ophthalmosaurid material from the Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte of Svalbard, Norway. One of these new specimens, which preserves the most complete ichthyosaur pelvic girdle from the Cretaceous, is described herein as a new taxon, Keilhauia nui gen. et sp. nov. It represents the most complete Berriasian ichthyosaur known and the youngest yet described from the Slottsmøya Member. It is diagnosed on the basis of two autapomorphies from the pelvic girdle, including an ilium that is anteroposteriorly expanded at its dorsal end and an ischiopubis that is shorter or subequal in length to the femur, as well as a unique character combination. The Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte ichthyosaurs are significant in that they represent a diverse assemblage of ophthalmosaurids that existed immediately preceding and across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. They also exhibit considerable variation in pelvic girdle morphology, and expand the known range in size variation of pelvic girdle elements in the clade.},
  AUTHOR = {Delsett, Lene Liebe and Roberts, Aubrey Jane and Druckenmiller, Patrick S and Hurum, Jørn Harald},
  PUBLISHER = {Public Library of Science},
  DATE = {2017-01},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0169971},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/7BDPBR8S/Delsett_et_al_2017_A_New_Ophthalmosaurid_(Ichthyosauria)_from_Svalbard,_Norway,_and_Evolution_of_the_Ichthyopterygian.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Keilhauia,Tithonian,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {e0169971--39},
  TITLE = {A {{New Ophthalmosaurid}} ({{Ichthyosauria}}) from {{Svalbard}}, {{Norway}}, and {{Evolution}} of the {{Ichthyopterygian Pelvic Girdle}}},
  VOLUME = {12},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2014GM,
  ABSTRACT = {¡div class="title"¿A new Lower Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Russia reveals skull shape conservatism within Ophthalmosaurinae¡/div¿ - Volume 151 Issue 1 - VALENTIN FISCHER, MAXIM S. ARKHANGELSKY, GLEB N. USPENSKY, ILYA M. STENSHIN, PASCAL GODEFROIT},
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Arkhangelsky, Maxim S and Uspensky, Gleb N and Stenshin, Ilya M and Godefroit, Pascal},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  DATE = {2014-01},
  DOI = {10.1017/S0016756812000994},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/QHG2ZIII/73B12216-5A3F-442B-9E54-72F7D51F9571.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Geological Magazine},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {01},
  PAGES = {60--70},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Geol. Mag.},
  TITLE = {A New {{Lower Cretaceous}} Ichthyosaur from {{Russia}} Reveals Skull Shape Conservatism within {{Ophthalmosaurinae}}},
  VOLUME = {151},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1999P,
  ABSTRACT = {The first ichthyosaur to be recorded from the Pliensbachian Stage of the English Lower Liassic is described as Leptonectes moorei sp. nov., extending the geological range of Leptonectes to the Pliensbachian....},
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher and Milner, Angela C},
  PUBLISHER = {Blackwell Publishers Ltd},
  DATE = {1999-10},
  DOI = {10.1111/1475-4983.00096},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/HDVZ99F4/ECF05F38-5831-43CF-8C92-2A8098379194.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Leptonectes,taxonomy,UK,ichthyosaurs,Pliensbachian},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {761--768},
  TITLE = {A New {{Pliensbachian}} Ichthyosaur from {{Dorset}}, {{England}}},
  VOLUME = {42},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1993CJES,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  DATE = {1993-06},
  DOI = {10.1139/e93-101},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/URCG4DV7/907BDECD-34C0-4A8C-BDD4-BF0924A5C6B6.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {1197--1204},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {A New Species of Large, Long-Snouted Ichthyosaur from the {{English}} Lower {{Lias}}},
  VOLUME = {30},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1989P,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  DATE = {1989},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/NRR8HTLV/McGowan_1989_Palaeontology_iLeptopterygius_tenuirostris-i_and_Other_Long-snouted_Ichthyosaurs_from_the.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {409--427},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Palaeontology},
  TITLE = {{{{\emph{Leptopterygius tenuirostris}}}} and Other Long-Snouted Ichthyosaurs from the {{English Lower Lias}}},
  VOLUME = {32},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1996CJES,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  DATE = {1996-01},
  DOI = {10.1139/e96-003},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/KIZ5867I/DA5844EB-0AFD-44AE-9644-DC9A4365ECCB.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Hudsonelpidia},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {24--32},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {A New and Typically {{Jurassic}} Ichthyosaur from the {{Upper Triassic}} of {{British Columbia}}},
  VOLUME = {33},
}

@ARTICLE{Maxwell2006P,
  AUTHOR = {Maxwell, Erin E and Caldwell, Michael W},
  DATE = {2006-08},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00589.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/4QMSEWS6/Maxwell_Caldwell_2006_Palaeontology_A_new_genus_of_ichthyosaur_from_the_Lower_Cretaceous_of_Western_Canada.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1043--1052},
  TITLE = {A New Genus of Ichthyosaur from the {{Lower Cretaceous}} of {{Western Canada}}},
  VOLUME = {49},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2013BL,
  ABSTRACT = {Cretaceous ichthyosaurs have typically been considered a small, homogeneous assemblage sharing a common Late Jurassic ancestor. Their low diversity and disparity have been interpreted as indicative of a decline leading to their Cenomanian extinction. We describe the first post-Triassic ichthyosaur from the Middle East, Malawania anachronus gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous of Iraq, and re-evaluate the evolutionary history of parvipelvian ichthyosaurs via phylogenetic and cladogenesis rate analyses. Malawania represents a basal grade in thunnosaurian evolution that arose during a major Late Triassic radiation event and was previously thought to have gone extinct during the Early Jurassic. Its pectoral morphology appears surprisingly archaic, retaining a forefin architecture similar to that of its Early Jurassic relatives. After the initial latest Triassic radiation of early thunnosaurians, two subsequent large radiations produced lineages with Cretaceous representatives, but the radiation events themselves are pre-Cretaceous. Cretaceous ichthyosaurs therefore include distantly related lineages, with contrasting evolutionary histories, and appear more diverse and disparate than previously supposed.},
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Appleby, Robert M and Naish, Darren and Liston, Jeff J and Riding, James B and Brindley, Stephen and Godefroit, Pascal},
  PUBLISHER = {The Royal Society},
  DATE = {2013-08},
  DOI = {10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021},
  EPRINT = {23676653},
  EPRINTTYPE = {pmid},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/SEN6CBQH/3C938DF0-6595-46CA-9AB0-B119561A934C.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Biology Letters},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {20130021--20130021},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Biol. Lett.},
  TITLE = {A Basal Thunnosaurian from {{Iraq}} Reveals Disparate Phylogenetic Origins for {{Cretaceous}} Ichthyosaurs},
  VOLUME = {9},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch1997PZ,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  DATE = {1997-10},
  DOI = {10.1007/BF02988496},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/9JUMJB6W/342B3F53-FF02-4D09-91D6-9D98F972D2EE.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paläontologische Zeitschrift},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Mikadocephalus,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3/4},
  PAGES = {267--289},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Paläontol Z},
  TITLE = {{{{\emph{Mikadocephalus gracilirostris}} n. gen., n. sp.,}} a New Ichthyosaur from the {{Grenzbitumenzone}} ({{Anisian}}–{{Ladinian}}) of {{Monte San Giorgio}} ({{Switzerland}})},
  VOLUME = {71},
}

@ARTICLE{Repossi1902ASISNMCSNM,
  AUTHOR = {Repossi, Emilio},
  DATE = {1902},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/STLF6WJW/539CC448-3E05-4481-B37D-A0DEA80722A0.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Atti della Società Italiana di Scienza Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {italian},
  PAGES = {361--371},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Att Soc Ital Scienza Natur Mus Civ Storia Natur Milano},
  TITLE = {Il mixosauro degli strati triasici di {{Besano}} in lombardia},
  VOLUME = {41},
}

@ARTICLE{Brinkmann1998NJGPA,
  AUTHOR = {Brinkmann, Winand},
  PUBLISHER = {[object Object]},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:Ir4lap8L3VAJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1998-01},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/Q7RPA63E/Brinkmann_1998_Neues_Jahrbuch_fur_Geologie_und_Palaontologie_–_Abhandlungen_iSangiorgiosaurus-i_n.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen},
  KEYWORDS = {Mixosaurus,Triassic,ichthyosaurs,Switzerland,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {german},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {125--144},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh},
  TITLE = {\emph{Sangiorgiosaurus} n. g. – eine neue Mixosaurier-gattung (Mixosauridae, Ichthyosauria) mit Quetschzähnen aus der Grenzbitumenzone (Mitteltrias) des Monte San Giorgio (Schweiz, Kanton Tessin)},
  VOLUME = {207},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2010APS,
  AUTHOR = {Chen, Xiaohong and Cheng, Long},
  DATE = {2010-06},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/MKVFQUVW/A1E0CDE3-98A6-490D-9E16-310BF3C16566.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Acta Palaeontologica Sinica},
  KEYWORDS = {Mixosaurus,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {251--260},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Act Palaeontol Sinica},
  TITLE = {A {{New Species}} of {{{\emph{Mixosaurus}}}} ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Middle Triassic}} of {{Pu}}'an, {{Guizhou}}, {{China}}},
  VOLUME = {49},
}

@ARTICLE{Fernandez2014GM,
  ABSTRACT = {¡div class="title"¿Ophthalmosaurian (Ichthyosauria) records from the Aalenian–Bajocian of Patagonia (Argentina): an overview¡/div¿ - Volume 151 Issue 1 - MARTA S. FERNΆNDEZ, MARIANELLA TALEVI},
  AUTHOR = {Fernández, Marta S and Talevi, Marianella},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  DATE = {2014-01},
  DOI = {10.1017/S0016756813000058},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/C8GQGUIW/68301FF7-ABFE-433E-A8A5-A501AE1225D6.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Geological Magazine},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Argentina,Aalenian,Bajocian,Bathonian},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {49--59},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Geol. Mag.},
  TITLE = {Ophthalmosaurian ({{Ichthyosauria}}) Records from the {{Aalenian}}–{{Bajocian}} of {{Patagonia}} ({{Argentina}}): An Overview},
  VOLUME = {151},
}

@ARTICLE{Fernandez1999JP,
  ABSTRACT = {¡div class="title"¿A new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation (Early Bajocian), Neuquen Basin, Argentina¡/div¿ - Volume 73 Issue 4 - Marta S. Fernández},
  AUTHOR = {Fernández, Marta S},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  DATE = {1999-07},
  DOI = {10.1017/S0022336000032492},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/UYQTZJPM/738C8685-C313-4545-9F1F-5D0D363946E2.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Stenopterygius,Chacaicosaurus},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {677--681},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Ichthyosaur from the {{Los Molles Formation}} ({{Early Bajocian}}), {{Neuquen Basin}}, {{Argentina}}},
  VOLUME = {73},
}

@ARTICLE{Maxwell2016PP,
  ABSTRACT = {Cretaceous ichthyosaurs were relatively diverse in temperate latitudes, but few species have been described from the palaeotropics. Here, we describe a new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, Muiscasaurus catheti...},
  AUTHOR = {Maxwell, Erin E and Dick, Daniel G and Padilla, Santiago and Parra, Mary Luz},
  DATE = {2016-02},
  DOI = {10.1002/spp2.1030},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/Z7YTPZZM/Maxwell_etal_2016_Papers_in_Palaeontology_A_new_ophthalmosaurid_ichthyosaur_from_the_Early_Cretaceous_of_Colombia.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Papers in Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Cretaceous,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Colombia},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {59--70},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Pap. Palaeontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur from the {{Early Cretaceous}} of {{Colombia}}},
  VOLUME = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{Moon2016MPS,
  ABSTRACT = {The ichthyosaur material of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic referable to \emph{Ophthalmosaurus icenicus} (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae) is revisited and re-described; this is the most completely known post-Liassic British ichthyosaur. Much of this material derives from the Callovian Oxford Clay Formation, particularly from the Peterborough Area of Cambridgeshire, UK, deposited in the Leeds Collections. Pre-Callovian ichthyosaur remains are infrequent, incomplete, and non-diagnostic. Material referred to \emph{Ophthalmosaurus icenicus} shows high variability in the extent of ossification. Based on examination of the type and referred material, \emph{Ophthalmosaurus monocharactus} and \emph{Ophthalmosaurus pleydelli} are rejected as junior subjective synonyms of \emph{Ophthalmosaurus icenicus} due to a lack of diagnostic characters and pathology of specimens. \emph{Ichthyosaurus megalodeirus} is rejected as a \emph{nomen nudum} and the type material is referred to \emph{Ophthalmosaurus icenicus.} \emph{Ophthalmosaurus icenicus} is considered a separate species from \emph{Ophthalmosaurus natans} based on several autapomorphies, but requires re-evaluation of the material.},
  AUTHOR = {Moon, Benjamin C. and Kirton, Angela M.},
  DATE = {2016-11-30},
  DOI = {10.1080/02693445.2016.11963958},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/3TFBP54K/Moon_Kirton_2016_Ichthyosaurs_of_the_British_Middle_and_Upper_Jurassic.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/SJR6SGK2/E79CAC9F-F87E-4D86-A97E-6C6AF1FF3CB9.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Callovian,Ophthalmosaurus,Oxfordian,taxonomy,UK,ichthyosaurs},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {647},
  PAGES = {1--84},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Monogr. Palaeontogr. Soc.},
  TITLE = {Ichthyosaurs of the {{British Middle}} and {{Upper Jurassic}}. {{Part}} 1, {{{\emph{Ophthalmosaurus}}}}},
  VOLUME = {170},
}

@ARTICLE{Gilmore1905MCM,
  AUTHOR = {Gilmore, Charles Whitney},
  DATE = {1905-03},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/EI2K4KHQ/02302B20-BECA-43B1-B969-1344845448DA.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {77--129},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Mem. Carnegie Mus.},
  TITLE = {Osteology of {{{\emph{Baptanodon}}}} (Marsh)},
  VOLUME = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{Efimov1999PZ,
  AUTHOR = {Efimov, V M},
  DATE = {1999},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/M5WVNB99/A3B0143B-6D4E-4634-90F3-3EF8D553C353.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource,Jurassic,Ophthalmosaurus,Yasykovia},
  PAGES = {91--98},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Paleontol. Zhurnal},
  TITLE = {Ichthyosaurs of a New Genus {{{\emph{Yasykovia}}}} from the {{Upper Jurassic}} Strata of {{European Russia}}},
  VOLUME = {1999},
}

@ARTICLE{Arkhangelsky1997PZ,
  AUTHOR = {Arkhangelsky, Maxim S},
  DATE = {1997},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/4A5GV9H4/C8096049-55A5-4C53-8001-5CFF6D5B8651.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {87--91},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Paleontol. Zhurnal},
  TITLE = {On a New Genus of Ichthyosaurs from the {{Lower Volgian Substage}} of the {{Saratov}}, {{Volga Region}}},
  VOLUME = {1997},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Nicholls1995Vfateosc,
  AUTHOR = {Nicholls, Elizabeth L and Brinkman, Donald B},
  EDITOR = {Sarjeant, William A S},
  LOCATION = {London},
  PUBLISHER = {Gordon and Breach Publishers},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:nE1862PPxCsJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  BOOKTITLE = {Vertebrate {{Fossils}} and the {{Evolution}} of {{Scientific Concepts}}},
  CHAPTER = {[object Object]},
  DATE = {1995},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/NCCYY7PH/94951202-7AC3-47F8-A3D2-B976A6F440CE.pdf},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Parvinatator,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Canada,\#nosource},
  PAGES = {521--535},
  TITLE = {A New Ichthyosaur from the {{Triassic Sulphur Mountain}} Formation of {{British Columbia}}},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2014ZJLS,
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Arkhangelsky, Maxim S and Naish, Darren and Stenshin, Ilya M and Uspensky, Gleb N and Godefroit, Pascal},
  DATE = {2014},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/46RDZDA7/Fischer_etal_2014_Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society_iSimbirskiasaurus-i_and_iPervushovisaurus-i_reassessed.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
  PAGES = {822--841},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Zool J Linn Soc},
  TITLE = {\emph{Simbirskiasaurus} and {{\emph{Pervushovisaurus}}} Reassessed: Implications for the Taxonomy and Cranial Osteology of {{Cretaceous}} Platypterygiine Ichthyosaurs},
  VOLUME = {171},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2016P,
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin},
  DATE = {2016-10},
  DOI = {10.7717/peerj.2604},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/C3VEXAQA/Fischer_2016_Taxonomy_of_iPlatypterygius_campylodon-i_and_the_diversity_of_the_last_ichthyosaurs.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PeerJ},
  KEYWORDS = {Cretaceous,Platypterygius,Pervushovisaurus,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGES = {e2604--21},
  TITLE = {Taxonomy of {{{\emph{Platypterygius campylodon}}}} and the Diversity of the Last Ichthyosaurs},
  VOLUME = {4},
}

@ARTICLE{Schmitz2004PAP,
  AUTHOR = {Schmitz, Lars and Sander, P. Martin and Storrs, Glenn W. and Rieppel, Olivier C.},
  DATE = {2004-03},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Paläozoologie—Stratigraphie},
  KEYWORDS = {Mixosaurus,Phalarodon,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {4–6},
  PAGES = {133--162},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Palaeontogr. Abt. Paläozoologie—Stratigraphie},
  TITLE = {New {{Mixosauridae}} ({{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Middle}} {{Triassic}} of the {{Augusta}} {{Mountains}} ({{Nevada}}, {{USA}}) and Their Implications for Mixosaur Taxonomy},
  VOLUME = {270},
}

@ARTICLE{Merriam1910UCBDG,
  AUTHOR = {Merriam, John C.},
  DATE = {1910-02-21},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/EQDDFMSQ/54F20CEA-86CE-4677-9D2B-D0A60D3526DF.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {University of California, Bulletin of the Department of Geology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {24},
  PAGES = {381--390},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Univ. Calif. Bull. Dep. Geol.},
  TITLE = {The Skull and Dentition of a Primitive Ichthyosaurian from the {{Middle Triassic}}},
  VOLUME = {5},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch2005NJGPM,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  DATE = {2005-10},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/YTS79LKN/CFDAC691-8968-415E-A534-0E55AFCE6763.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte},
  KEYWORDS = {Phalarodon,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {596--613},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monats},
  TITLE = {Observations on {{Triassic}} Ichthyosaurs. {{Part XIV}}: The {{Middle Triassic}} Mixosaurid {{{\emph{Phalarodon}}}}{\emph{ Major }}(v. {{Huene}}, 1916) from {{Switzerland}} and a Reconsideration of Mixosaurid Phylogeny},
  VOLUME = {2005},
}

@INCOLLECTION{Sander1997AMR,
  AUTHOR = {Sander, P Martin},
  LOCATION = {San Diego},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  BOOKTITLE = {Ancient {{Marine Reptiles}}},
  DATE = {1997},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/SCRJU3VT/FE6DE9C7-0AEC-4187-9993-F959A98A4FF4.pdf},
  KEYWORDS = {Shastasaurus,Triassic,Phantomosaurus,\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1--27},
  TITLE = {The Paleobiogeography of {{{\emph{Shastasaurus}}}}},
}

@ARTICLE{Romer1968CGUSC,
  AUTHOR = {Romer, Alfred Sherwood},
  DATE = {1968-02},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Contributions to Geology, University of {{Wyoming}}},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {27--41},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Contrib. Geol. Univ. Span ClassnocaseWyomingspan},
  TITLE = {An Ichthyosaur Skull from the {{Cretaceous}} of {{Wyoming}}},
  VOLUME = {7},
}

@ARTICLE{Wade1984L,
  AUTHOR = {Wade, Mary},
  DATE = {1984-04},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1502-3931.1984.tb01713.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/VXK4KA3S/Wade_1984_Lethaia_iPlatypterygius_australis-i,_an_Australian_Cretaceous_ichthyosaur.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Lethaia},
  KEYWORDS = {Platypterygius},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {99--113},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Lethaia},
  TITLE = {{{{\emph{Platypterygius australis}}}}, an {{Australian Cretaceous}} Ichthyosaur},
  VOLUME = {17},
}

@ARTICLE{Wade1990MQM,
  AUTHOR = {Wade, Mary},
  DATE = {1990-03},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/J5NNIN6Y/Wade_1990_Memoirs_of_the_Queensland_Museum_A_review_of_the_Australian_Cretaceous_longipinnate_ichthyosaur.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum},
  KEYWORDS = {Platypterygius},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {115--137},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Mem. Qld. Mus.},
  TITLE = {A Review of the {{Australian Cretaceous}} Longipinnate Ichthyosaur {{{\emph{Platypterygius}}}}, ({{Ichthyosauria}}, {{Ichthyopterygia}})},
  VOLUME = {28},
}

@ARTICLE{Fernandez2005JVP,
  AUTHOR = {Fernández, Marta S. and Aguirre-Urreta, M. Beatriz},
  DATE = {2005-09-30},
  DOI = {10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0583:ROPHVH]2.0.CO;2},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/RLI7UESS/75B5CC10-1E53-446C-BF3B-92F315B13944.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Platypterygius,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {583--587},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J Vertebr Paleontol},
  TITLE = {Revision of {{{\emph{Platypterygius hauthali}}}} von {{Huene}}, 1927 (Ichthyosauria: {{Ophthalmosauridae}}) from the {{Early Cretaceous}} of {{Patagonia}}, {{Argentina}}},
  VOLUME = {25},
}

@ARTICLE{Kolb2009PAPS,
  AUTHOR = {Kolb, Christian and Sander, P. Martin},
  DATE = {2009-06},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/RW2T5753/AB0861EA-DCA0-45A3-8A08-CFBDA5B9F123.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Paläozoo­logie—Strati­graphie},
  KEYWORDS = {Platypterygius,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {4--6},
  PAGES = {151--192},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Palaeontogr A Paläozool Strat},
  TITLE = {Redescription of the Ichthyosaur {{{\emph{Platypterygius hercynicus}}}} ({{Kuhn}} 1946) from the {{Lower Cretaceous}} of {{Salzgitter}} ({{Lower Saxony}}, {{Germany}})},
  VOLUME = {288},
}

@ARTICLE{Broili1908NJFMGPB,
  AUTHOR = {Broili, Ferdinand},
  DATE = {1908},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/WVB7EEB8/0B4B7A1C-E016-4250-808A-20FE4C7F485E.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. Beilage-Band},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {german},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {422--442},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Neues Jahrb. Für Mineral. Geol. Paläontol. Beil.-Band},
  TITLE = {Ichthyosaurierreste aus der Kreide},
  VOLUME = {25},
}

@ARTICLE{Paramo1997RI,
  AUTHOR = {Páramo, M E},
  PUBLISHER = {[object Object]},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:ltJk9I19J2kJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1997},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/8275JCFB/Paramo_1997_Revista_Ingeominas_iPlatypterygius_sachicarum-i_(Reptilia,_Ichthyosauria)_nueva_especie_del.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Revista Ingeominas},
  KEYWORDS = {Cretaceous,Platypterygius,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Barremian,Aptian,Colombia,\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1--12},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Rev Ingeominas},
  TITLE = {{{{\emph{Platypterygius sachicarum}}}} ({{Reptilia}}, {{Ichthyosauria}}) Nueva Especie Del {{Cretácico}} de {{Colombia}}},
  VOLUME = {6},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2013ASNUP,
  AUTHOR = {Yang, Peng-Fei and Cheng, Ji and Jiang, Dayong and Motani, Ryosuke and Tintori, Andrea and Sun, Yuan-Lin and Sun, Zuo-Yu},
  DATE = {2013-11},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/AWP8Z9E3/Yang2013-Acta_Scientiarum_Naturalium_Universitatis_Pekinensis-_1-8.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {1002--1008},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Pekin.},
  TITLE = {A New Species of {{{\emph{Qianichthyosaurus}}}} ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}}) from {{Xingyi Fauna}} ({{Ladinian}}, {{Middle Triassic}}) of {{Guizhou}}},
  VOLUME = {49},
}

@ARTICLE{Li1999CSB,
  AUTHOR = {Li, Chun},
  DATE = {1999-07},
  DOI = {10.1007/BF02885856},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/DZPSUKDZ/B937BBEF-F634-458D-91FD-14A730C46F79.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Chinese Science Bulletin},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Guizhouichthyosaurus,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {14},
  PAGES = {1329--1333},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Chin. Sci. Bull.},
  TITLE = {Ichthyosaur from {{Guizhou}}, {{China}}},
  VOLUME = {44},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch2003NJGPAa,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  PUBLISHER = {[object Object]},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:e-bNikAcFNMJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {2003-09},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/8T93NWEW/726F6634-C266-44C7-B08D-8C1241B26090.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,ichthyosaurs,Svalbard,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {317--338},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh},
  TITLE = {Observations on {{Triassic}} Ichthyosaurs. {{Part XII}}. {{A}} New {{Early Triassic}} Ichthyosaur Genus from {{Spitzbergen}}},
  VOLUME = {229},
}

@ARTICLE{Jiang2016SR,
  ABSTRACT = {srep , (2016). doi:10.1038/srep26232},
  AUTHOR = {Jiang, Dayong and Motani, Ryosuke and Huang, Jian-Dong and Tintori, Andrea and Hu, Yuan-Chao and Rieppel, Olivier C and Fraser, Nicholas C and Ji, Cheng and Kelley, Neil P and Fu, Wanlu and Zhang, Rong},
  DATE = {2016-05},
  DOI = {10.1038/srep26232},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/AFKV7WS7/Jiang_et_al_2016_A_large_aberrant_stem_ichthyosauriform_indicating_early_rise_and_demise_of_ichthyosauromorphs_in.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Scientific Reports},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Olenekian,Sclerocormus,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,China,Palaeoecology},
  PAGES = {26232--9},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Sci. Rep.},
  TITLE = {A Large Aberrant Stem Ichthyosauriform Indicating Early Rise and Demise of Ichthyosauromorphs in the Wake of the End-{{Permian}} Extinction},
  VOLUME = {6},
}

@ARTICLE{Motani2017PRSBBS,
  ABSTRACT = {The fossil record of a major clade often starts after a mass extinction even though evolutionary rates, molecular or morphological, suggest its pre-extinction emergence (e.g. squamates, placentals and teleosts). The discrepancy is larger for older clades, and the presence of a time-scale-dependent methodological bias has been suggested, yet it has been difficult to avoid the bias using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. This paradox raises the question of whether ecological vacancies, such as those after mass extinctions, prompt the radiations. We addressed this problem by using a unique temporal characteristic of the morphological data and a high-resolution stratigraphic record, for the oldest clade of Mesozoic marine reptiles, Ichthyosauromorpha. The evolutionary rate was fastest during the first few million years of ichthyosauromorph evolution and became progressively slower over time, eventually becoming six times slower. Using the later slower rates, estimates of divergence time become excessively older. The fast, initial rate suggests the emergence of ichthyosauromorphs after the end-Permian mass extinction, matching an independent result from high-resolution stratigraphic confidence intervals. These reptiles probably invaded the sea as a new ecosystem was formed after the end-Permian mass extinction. Lack of information on early evolution biased Bayesian clock rates.},
  AUTHOR = {Motani, Ryosuke and Jiang, Dayong and Tintori, Andrea and Ji, Cheng and Huang, Jian-Dong},
  PUBLISHER = {The Royal Society},
  DATE = {2017-05},
  DOI = {10.1098/rspb.2017.0241},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/JEQEFJC5/Motani_etal_2017_Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_B_Biological_Sciences_Pre-_versus_post-mass_extinction_divergence_of_Mesozoic_marine_reptiles.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1854},
  PAGES = {20170241},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.},
  TITLE = {Pre- versus Post-Mass Extinction Divergence of {{Mesozoic}} Marine Reptiles Dictated by Time-Scale Dependence of Evolutionary Rates},
  VOLUME = {284},
}

@ARTICLE{Yin2000GG,
  AUTHOR = {Yin, Gong-zheng and Zhou, Xiugao and Cao, Zetian and Yu, Youyi and Luo, Yongming},
  DATE = {2000-03},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/CZ3F35R7/83C97429-0093-4A95-AB1E-264D97E10DD9.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Geology, Geochemistry},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {1--23},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Geol. Geochem.},
  TITLE = {A Preliminary Study on the {{Early Late Triassic}} Marine Reptiles from {{Guanling}}, {{Guizhou}}, {{China}}},
  VOLUME = {28},
}

@ARTICLE{Nicholls2004JVP,
  ABSTRACT = {Abstract The ichthyosaur Shonisaurus sikanniensis sp. nov. is described from the Pardonet Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of northeastern British Columbia. The type specimen is considerably larger than Shonisaurus popularis, with an estimated length of 21 m. It also differs from S. popularis in having a fan-shaped scapula, and relatively longer vertebral centra. Studies of this new species, along with re-examination of S. popularis, suggests ...},
  AUTHOR = {Nicholls, Elizabeth L. and Manabe, Makoto},
  DATE = {2004-12},
  DOI = {10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0838:GIOTTN]2.0.CO;2},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/74NFYZWR/Nicholls2004 - Giant Ichthyosaurs Triassic.pdf;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/UP858CGM/18744D49-ABD1-4EDF-ACAB-D2A28FA02E89.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {838--849},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J Vertebr Paleontol},
  TITLE = {Giant Ichthyosaurs of the {{Triassic}}—a New Species of {{{\emph{Shonisaurus}}}} from the {{Pardonet Formation}} ({{Norian}}: {{Late Triassic}}) of {{British Columbia}}},
  VOLUME = {24},
}

@ARTICLE{Camp1980PAPS,
  AUTHOR = {Camp, Charles L},
  DATE = {1980-10},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/K9EP54XL/D1859419-38D3-47C8-B066-530DF228F020.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Paläozoologie—Stratigraphie},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Shonisaurus,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {4–6},
  PAGES = {139--200},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Palaeontogr A Paläozool Strat},
  TITLE = {Large Ichthyosaurs from the {{Upper Triassic}} of {{Nevada}}},
  VOLUME = {170},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2014PO,
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Bardet, Nathalie and Guiomar, Myette and Godefroit, Pascal},
  DATE = {2014-01},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0084709},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/BG5EJDM3/34BFE17C-A9E5-4430-95B0-EE389BB2B9A1.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {e84709},
  TITLE = {High Diversity in {{Cretaceous}} Ichthyosaurs from {{Europe}} Prior to Their Extinction},
  VOLUME = {9},
}

@ARTICLE{Maxwell2012PO,
  ABSTRACT = {Background The Middle Jurassic was a critical time in the evolutionary history of ichthyosaurs. During this time interval, the diverse, well-studied faunas of the Lower Jurassic were entirely replaced by ophthalmosaurids, a new group that arose sometime prior to the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary and by the latest middle Jurassic comprised the only surviving group of ichthyosaurs. Thus, the Middle Jurassic Aalenian-Bathonian interval (176--165 million years ago) comprises the time frame during which ophthalmosaurids not only originated but also achieved taxonomic dominance. However, diagnostic ichthyosaur remains have been described previously from only a single locality from this interval, from the Bajocian of Argentina. Methodology/Principal Findings In this paper, we describe a new species of ichthyosaur based on a partial articulated specimen from the Middle Jurassic of southwestern Germany. This specimen was recovered from the Opalinuston Formation (early Aalenian) and is referable to Stenopterygius aaleniensis sp. nov. reflecting features of the skull and forefin. The genus Stenopterygius is diverse and abundant in the Lower Jurassic of Europe, but its presence has not previously been confirmed in younger (Middle Jurassic) rocks from the northern hemisphere. Conclusions/Significance This specimen represents the only diagnostic ichthyosaur remains reported from the Aalenian. It bears numerous similarities in size and in morphology to the Lower Jurassic species of the genus Stenopterygius and provides additional evidence that the major ecological changes hypothesized to have occurred at the end of the Toarcian took place sometime after this point and most likely did not occur suddenly. There is currently no evidence for the presence of ophthalmosaurids in the northern hemisphere during the Aalenian-Bathonian interval.},
  AUTHOR = {Maxwell, Erin E. and Fernández, Marta S. and Schoch, Rainer R.},
  DATE = {2012-08-01},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0041692},
  JOURNALTITLE = {PLoS ONE},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {e41692},
  TITLE = {First Diagnostic Marine Reptile Remains from the {{Aalenian}} ({{Middle}} {{Jurassic}}): {{A}} New Ichthyosaur from Southwestern {{Germany}}},
  VOLUME = {7},
}

@ARTICLE{Maxwell2012JP,
  ABSTRACT = {Ichthyosaurs represent one of the most highly specialized lineages of marine reptiles, but ourunderstanding of the evolution of this group is based on specimens found at a surprisingly small number ofstratigraphic intervals and localities. The Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonia Shale of southwestern Germany isone of the richest ichthyosaur-bearing formations in the world and has produced thousands of skeletons, includingspecimens with preserved soft tissue, and fetal remains inside the body cavity. The most abundant ichthyosaur genusin the Posidonia Shale isStenopterygius. In spite of almost 200 years of research effort, the number of species in thisgenus is still a point of active disagreement in the literature. Here, bivariate and multivariate analyses are used toclassify both articulated and disarticulated skeletons to the level of species, using measurement data from individualcranial and postcranial elements. Unlike previous classification attempts, this technique pinpoints ontogeneticallyconserved differences in size and proportion between the species, and so can be applied to adult, subadult, andneonatal specimens. Using this method, three species ofStenopterygius, S. quadriscissus, S. triscissus,andS. uniterare differentiated.},
  AUTHOR = {Maxwell, Erin E},
  DATE = {2012-01},
  DOI = {10.1666/11-038.1},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/4F7C5JZK/Maxwell_2012_Journal_of_Paleontology_New_metrics_to_differentiate_species_of_iStenopterygius-i_(Reptilia.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Paleontology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {105--115},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {New Metrics to Differentiate Species of {{{\emph{Stenopterygius}}}} ({{Reptilia}}: {{Ichthyosauria}}) from the {{Lower Jurassic}} of Southwestern {{Germany}}},
  VOLUME = {86},
}

@BOOK{vonHuene1922,
  OPTIONS = {useprefix=1},
  AUTHOR = {von Huene, Friedrich F.},
  LOCATION = {Berlin},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:nbTHDtkxVQoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1922-08},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/PDC9NDWC/von_Huene_1922_Die_Ichthyosaurier_Des_Lias_Und_Ihre_Zusammenhange.pdf},
  LANGID = {german},
  PAGETOTAL = {114},
  TITLE = {Die Ichthyosaurier des Lias und Ihre Zusammenhänge},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch1998NJGPAd,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W},
  PUBLISHER = {[object Object]},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:6RqIgiXlHZQJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1998-05},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/ZVPIHWME/1608CBA1-CF9A-4DEA-9FCE-925A303FA888.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen},
  KEYWORDS = {Toarcian,Suevoleviathan,phylogenetics,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Germany,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {47--78},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh},
  TITLE = {A New Ichthyosaur Genus from the {{Posidonia Shale}} ({{Lower Toarcian}}, {{Jurassic}}) of {{Holzmaden}}, {{SW}}-{{Germany}} with Comments on the Phylogeny of Post-{{Triassic}} Ichthyosaurs},
  VOLUME = {209},
}

@ARTICLE{Fischer2011JVP,
  AUTHOR = {Fischer, Valentin and Masure, Edwige and Arkhangelsky, Maxim S and Godefroit, Pascal},
  DATE = {2011-09},
  DOI = {10.1080/02724634.2011.595464},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/PW49JAL5/D2621D28-0573-4FC6-883A-3920801523FD.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Barremian,Russia},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1010--1025},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Vertebr. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {A New {{Barremian}} ({{Early Cretaceous}}) Ichthyosaur from Western {{Russia}}},
  VOLUME = {31},
}

@ARTICLE{Martin2012P,
  AUTHOR = {Martin, Jeremy E and Fischer, Valentin and Vincent, Peggy and Suan, Guillaume},
  DATE = {2012-09},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01159.x},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/9NLURK6I/pala_1159_sm_supplemenntary-datas1.xls;/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/C2Q8CKPK/Martin_etal_2012_Palaeontology_A_longirostrine_iTemnodontosaurus-i_(Ichthyosauria)_with_comments_on_Early.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Temnodontosaurus},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {995--1005},
  TITLE = {A Longirostrine {{{\emph{Temnodontosaurus}}}} ({{Ichthyosauria}}) with Comments on {{Early Jurassic}} Ichthyosaur Niche Partitioning and Disparity},
  VOLUME = {55},
}

@ARTICLE{Melmore1930AMNH,
  AUTHOR = {Melmore, Sidney},
  DATE = {1930-11},
  DOI = {10.1080/00222933008673261},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/BPBDMYQ4/AF102FA0-6E29-4E3F-9CC8-DD2A56B62111.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Annals and Magazine of Natural History},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {35},
  PAGES = {615--619},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Ann Magaz Nat Hist},
  TITLE = {A Description of the Type-Specimen of {{{\emph{Ichthyosaurus crassimanus}}}}, {{Blake}} ({{Owen MS}}.)},
  VOLUME = {6},
}

@ARTICLE{McGowan1974LSCROM,
  AUTHOR = {McGowan, Christopher},
  LOCATION = {[Toronto] :},
  PUBLISHER = {Royal Ontario Museum,},
  DATE = {1974-04},
  DOI = {10.5962/bhl.title.52055},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/KHUPU5EX/A8B0E079-771C-4440-81CC-8E6CFD6D699A.pdf},
  ISBN = {0888541511},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Life Sciences Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum},
  PAGES = {1--37},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Life Sci. Contrib. R. Ont. Mus.},
  TITLE = {A Revision of the Longipinnate Ichthyosaurs of the {{Lower Jurassic}} of {{England}}, with Descriptions of Two New Species},
  VOLUME = {97},
}

@ARTICLE{vonHuene1931NJFMGPBB,
  OPTIONS = {useprefix=1},
  AUTHOR = {von Huene, Friedrich F.},
  DATE = {1931-01},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/TGABY8HY/2485A8D3-1891-4207-B844-957663667E0A.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilage-Band B},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {german},
  PAGES = {305--320},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Neues Jahrb. Für Mineral. Geol. Paläontol. Beil.-Band B},
  TITLE = {Neue Ichthyosaurier aus Württemburg},
  VOLUME = {65},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch1997SBNBGP,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W. and Hungerbühler, Axel},
  DATE = {1997-09-30},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/BMSYX2PG/5AF6272B-58D6-4E56-A983-FB680F09FED5.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Temnodontosaurus,\#nosource},
  PAGES = {1--11},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Stuttgart Beitr Natur B Geol Paläontol},
  TITLE = {Revision of {{{\emph{Temnodontosaurus nuertingensis}}}} (v. {{Huene}}, 1931), a Large Ichthyosaur from the {{Lower Pliensbachian}} ({{Lower Jurassic}}) of {{Nürtingen}}, {{South Western Germany}}},
  VOLUME = {248},
}

@BOOK{Fraas1891,
  AUTHOR = {Fraas, E},
  LOCATION = {Tübingen},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag der H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:zlKeGnI2gWUJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1891},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/KFQWNDV4/Fraas_1891_Die_Ichthyosaurier_der_suddeutschen_Trias-und_Jura-Ablagerungen.pdf},
  KEYWORDS = {Ichthyosaurus,Jurassic,Mixosaurus,Triassic,Eurhinosaurus,Stenopterygius,Temnodontosaurus,Leptonectes,\#nosource},
  TITLE = {Die {{Ichthyosaurier}} Der Süddeutschen {{Trias}}-Und {{Jura}}-{{Ablagerungen}}},
}

@ARTICLE{Mazin1991CRASS2MPCSUST,
  AUTHOR = {Mazin, Jean-Michel and Suteethorn, Varavudh and Buffetaut, Eric and Jaeger, Jean-Jacques and Elmcke-Ingavat, Rucha},
  DATE = {1991},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/RAXB6WAZ/16677460-6F98-451E-BA46-ACFF84464447.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {1207--1212},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {CR Acad Sci 2},
  TITLE = {Preliminary Description of {{{\emph{Thaisaurus chonglakmanii}}}} n.g., n.Sp., a New Ichthyopterygian ({{Reptilia}}) from the {{Early Triassic}} of {{Thailand}}},
  VOLUME = {313},
}

@ARTICLE{Frobisch2013PNAS,
  ABSTRACT = {The biotic recovery from Earth's most severe extinction event at the Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today's marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, a very large ({$>$}8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic (244 Ma), of Nevada. This ichthyosaur had a massive skull and large labiolingually flattened teeth with two cutting edges indicative of a macropredatory feeding style. Its presence documents the rapid evolution of modern marine ecosystems in the Triassic where the same level of complexity as observed in today's marine ecosystems is reached within 8 My after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and within 4 My of the time reptiles first invaded the sea. This find also indicates that the biotic recovery in the marine realm may have occurred faster compared with terrestrial ecosystems, where the first apex predators may not have evolved before the Carnian.},
  AUTHOR = {Fröbisch, Nadia B. and Fröbisch, Jörg and Sander, P. Martin and Schmitz, Lars and Rieppel, Olivier C.},
  DATE = {2013-01-22},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1216750110},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/RFZXHGJN/9EA70CEE-F2C2-433B-BB96-6AE02F2B5346.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {Thalattoarchon,\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {1393--1397},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.},
  TITLE = {Macropredatory Ichthyosaur from the {{Middle Triassic}} and the Origin of Modern Trophic Networks},
  VOLUME = {110},
}

@ARTICLE{DallaVecchia2004RIPES,
  AUTHOR = {Dalla Vecchia, Fabio Marco},
  DATE = {2004-07-01},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/G65C66SQ/F6307C31-2526-466C-AC67-F9067E9F4457.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia},
  KEYWORDS = {Tholodus,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {479--492},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Riv Ital Paleontol Stratigr},
  TITLE = {First Record of the Rare Marine Reptile {{{\emph{Tholodus schmidi}}}} from the {{Middle Triassic}} of the Southern {{Alps}}},
  VOLUME = {110},
}

@ARTICLE{Merriam1903UCBDG,
  AUTHOR = {Merriam, John C},
  DATE = {1903-07},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/7TK7QIRR/87DD4499-8F93-4389-A9C2-3B881B4E5F49.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {University of California, Bulletin of the Department of Geology},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {12},
  PAGES = {249--263},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Univ Calif Bull Dept Geol},
  TITLE = {New Ichthyosauria from the {{Upper Triassic}} of {{California}}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{Efimov1999PZd,
  AUTHOR = {Efimov, V M},
  DATE = {1999},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/F6N4GIWW/4E083530-CB9F-42E6-95E6-807353F25543.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Undorosaurus,\#nosource},
  PAGES = {174--181},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Paleontol. Zhurnal},
  TITLE = {A New Family of Ichthyosaurs, the {{Undorosauridae}} Fam. Nov. from the {{Volgian Stage}} of the {{European}} Part of {{Russia}}},
  VOLUME = {1999},
}

@ARTICLE{Arkhangelsky2014PZIR,
  AUTHOR = {Arkhangelsky, Maxim S and Zverkov, Nikolay G},
  DATE = {2014-09},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/U2MGZ5ED/ABB2FA92-D18B-4441-BD84-0117319BE8DD.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {187--196},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Proc. Zool. Inst. RAS},
  TITLE = {On a New Ichthyosaur of the Genus {{{\emph{Undorosaurus}}}}},
  VOLUME = {318},
}

@ARTICLE{Shikama1978SRTUGa,
  AUTHOR = {Shikama, Tokio and Kamei, Tadao and Murata, Masafumi},
  DATE = {1978-04-29},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/GEENFWN6/CC78F450-2529-4274-A254-4891FFE23EA7.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Science Reports of Tohoku University (Geology)},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {77--97},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Sci Rep Tohuku Univ Geol},
  TITLE = {Early {{Triassic}} {{{\emph{Ichthyosaurus}}}}, {{{\emph{Utatsusaurus hataii}}}} Gen. et Sp. Nov., from the {{Kitakami Massif}}, {{Northeast Japan}}},
  VOLUME = {48},
}

@ARTICLE{Lomax2016JSP,
  AUTHOR = {Lomax, Dean R},
  DATE = {2016-06},
  DOI = {10.1080/14772019.2016.1183149},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/74HPU4F9/Lomax_2016_A_new_leptonectid_ichthyosaur_from_the_Lower_Jurassic_(Hettangian)_of_Nottinghamshire,_England,_UK,.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Systematic Palaeontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Jurassic,Hettangian,Wahlisaurus,phylogenetics,taxonomy,UK,ichthyosaurs,osteology},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1--15},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Syst. Palaeontol.},
  TITLE = {A New Leptonectid Ichthyosaur from the {{Lower Jurassic}} ({{Hettangian}}) of {{Nottinghamshire}}, {{England}}, {{UK}}, and the Taxonomic Usefulness of the Ichthyosaurian Coracoid},
  VOLUME = {15},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch1998NJGPM,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  PUBLISHER = {Neues …},
  URL = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:9lGjnRO8Oz0J:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=20&as_sdt=0,5},
  DATE = {1998-02},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/P4YXX634/FFA9E927-5460-4C6B-9210-C9CB6CED95EA.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Wimanius,taxonomy,ichthyosaurs,Switzerland,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {26--41},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monats},
  TITLE = {Observations on {{Triassic}} Ichthyosaurs. {{Part II}}: A New Ichthyosaur with Palatal Teeth from {{Monte San Giorgio}}},
  VOLUME = {1998},
}

@ARTICLE{Jiang2008PNS,
  AUTHOR = {Jiang, Dayong and Motani, Ryosuke and Hao, Weicheng and Schmitz, Lars and Rieppel, Olivier C and Sun, Yuan-Lin and Sun, Zuo-Yu},
  DATE = {2008-10},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.01.039},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/P4JBHD6I/CF74ED98-82D7-4D26-A570-A8EDFAB1C8B0.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Progress in Natural Science},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {1315--1319},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Prog. Nat. Sci.},
  TITLE = {New Primitive Ichthyosaurian ({{Reptilia}}, {{Diapsida}}) from the {{Middle Triassic}} of {{Panxian}}, {{Guizhou}}, Southwestern {{China}} and Its Position in the {{Triassic}} Biotic Recovery},
  VOLUME = {18},
}

@ARTICLE{Nicholls2001CJES,
  AUTHOR = {Nicholls, Elizabeth L and Manabe, Makoto},
  DATE = {2001-07},
  DOI = {10.1139/cjes-38-6-983},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/5BWAPUCT/506A8742-AA93-4DE8-AE2C-D61EE92A4927.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  KEYWORDS = {\#nosource,British Columbia,ichthyosaurs,taxonomy,Triassic},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {983--1002},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Can. J. Earth Sci.},
  TITLE = {A New Genus of Ichthyosaur from the {{Late Triassic Pardonet Formation}} of {{British Columbia}}: Bridging the {{Triassic Jurassic}} Gap},
  VOLUME = {38},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch2000L,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  DATE = {2000-08},
  DOI = {10.1080/00241160050150186},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/VIPEQQFP/F64AAB67-73DA-4BC4-9CE5-E9BBED753D12.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Lethaia},
  KEYWORDS = {Contectopalatus},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {71--74},
  TITLE = {The Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur {{{\emph{Contectopalatus}}}} from the {{Middle Triassic}} of the {{German Basin}}},
  VOLUME = {33},
}

@ARTICLE{Jiang2007JP,
  AUTHOR = {Jiang, Dayong and Schmitz, Lars and Motani, Ryosuke and Hao, Weicheng and Sun, Yuan-Lin},
  DATE = {2007-05},
  DOI = {10.1666/05092.1},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/THS3DPCL/3F101A39-F7E9-4DC4-AEEE-7A18F4D25907.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Paleontology},
  KEYWORDS = {Phalarodon,Triassic},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {602--605},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Paleontol.},
  TITLE = {The Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur {{{\emph{Phalarodon}}}} Cf. {{{\emph{P. fraasi}}}} from the {{Middle Triassic}} of {{Guizhou Province}}, {{China}}},
  VOLUME = {81},
}

@ARTICLE{Okland2018NJG,
  AUTHOR = {Økland, Inghild H. and Delsett, Lene L. and Roberts, Aubrey J. and Hurum, Jørn. H.},
  PUBLISHER = {Geological Society of Norway},
  DATE = {2018-10-04},
  DOI = {10.17850/njg98-2-06},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Norwegian Journal of Geology},
  KEYWORDS = {Phalarodon,Triassic,\#nosource},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {267--288},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Nor. J. Geol.},
  TITLE = {A {{{\emph{Phalarodon}}}}{\emph{ Fraasi}} ({{Ichthyosauria}}: {{Mixosauridae}}) from the {{Middle Triassic}} of {{Svalbard}}},
  VOLUME = {98},
}

@ARTICLE{Maisch1999NJFGPM,
  AUTHOR = {Maisch, Michael W and Matzke, Andreas T},
  DATE = {1999-06},
  FILE = {/Users/glbcm/Zotero/storage/ZCQG7XA4/0D5CBEC1-D93A-4A9A-8817-D1F642516520.pdf},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte},
  KEYWORDS = {Triassic,Mikadocephalus,Wimanius},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {345--356},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Neues Jahrb. Für Geol. Paläontol. Monatshefte},
  TITLE = {Observations on {{Triassic}} Ichthyosaurs. {{Part V}}. {{The}} Skulls of {{{\emph{Mikadocephalus}}}} and {{{\emph{Wimanius}}}} Reconstructed},
  VOLUME = {1999},
}