Gallagher Python Toolkit

The missing developer toolkit for Gallagher Command Centre

Gallagher Security manufacture a variety of perimeter security products. At the hear of these is the Command Centre software. Command Centre is deployed locally (in simplistic terms, the complexity varies for every use case). Version 8.6 introduced a REST API which allows you to interact with the system via HTTP requests locally or via Gallagher's Cloud API Gateway which eliminates the need for maintaining proxies and VPNs.

Our Python Toolkit focuses on enhancing the developer experience (DX) around the REST API. In principle we provide the following:

• Python SDK an idiomatic client (including asyncio support) to extend the CC functionality.
• Command Line Interface (CLI) to build powerful pipeline-based workflows.
• Terminal User Interface (TUI) for easy interactions with the Command Centre.
• SQL interface query the REST API as if it were a database or interact with via an ORM.

Note

This project is NOT affiliated with Gallagher Security. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

While Gallagher maintain a set of Swagger definitions for their API, they are primarily intended to generate the documentation published on Github. They use a tool called Spectacle. Gallagher explicitly state that the Swagger definitions are not intended to be used to generate code. Due to this the API client is hand built and not auto-generated.

Important

Due to custom annotations the YAML files will not parse with any standard parser.

Everything this project provides hinges upon our Python SDK, designed to enhance the developer experience. It's design is highly opinionated from our experience in building APIs, we ensure conformance with Gallagher software design interfaces.

Tip

If you've worked with stripe-python the syntax may feel familiar.

If you are using one of our user facing tools, it's not important for you to understand how the SDK works, however since it underpins everything, here's a rather sample example:

# Import core python libs
import os
import asyncio

# Import the client and models
from gallagher import (
    cc,
)
from gallagher.dto.summary import (
    CardholderSummary,
)
from gallagher.cc.cardholders import (
    Cardholder,
)

# Set the API key from the environment
api_key = os.environ.get("GACC_API_KEY")
cc.api_key = api_key

# Async support gives us back a coroutine
ch_coro = Cardholder.list()

# Run the coroutine to get the cardholder
cardholders = asyncio.run(ch_coro)
cardholder = cardholders.results[0]

# This is now a pydantic object
type(cardholder) == CardholderSummary

# Print out some details from the object
cardholder.href
cardholder.first_name

Important

Gallagher infrastructure deals with perimeter security. We take this extremely seriously and providing a complete test suite to provide that our software meets all standards. These tests constantly run against our demo command centre hosted on the cloud.

The rest of the README touches upon each of the tools we provide. If you like what you see so far we recommend you head over to our documentation.

Using the CLI and TUI

Our CLI is designed to automate custom workflows via scripts. Inspired by the greatest Unix tools out there, it does one thing and it does it well, leaving you to integrate it into a pipeline. The utility is able to speaking machine readable formats like JSON, YAML and CSV as well as producing formatted output.

Here's an example of fetching the details of a cardholder:

(gallagher-py3.11) ➜  gallagher git:(alpha-3) gala ch get 8272
 person
                  id 8272
          first_name Jerry
           last_name Zurcher
          short_name None
         description None
          authorised yes

  disable_cipher_pad no
            division 2
 hrefs
                edit edit

Interacting via SQL

Shillelagh is a Python library that allows you to interact with REST APIs as if they were SQL databases, including the ability to provide a SQLAlchemy dialect allowing you to treat endpoints as a virtual table.

Assuming you had the SQL extensions installed, a simplistic example of querying Cardholders from the command would look like this:

🍀> SELECT * FROM "https://commandcentre-api-au.security.gallagher.cloud/api/cardholders" WHERE id=8427;

which would return a result set of:

first_name    last_name    authorised    id
------------  -----------  ------------ ----
Cammy         Albares      True         8427
(1 row in 0.23s)

Command Centre API Notes

The Gallagher API the principles of HATEOAS which ensures that the API is self-descriptive and future proof.

A href attribute provides a the destination of referenced objects in the responses. These are full qualified and will be prefixed with the server origin i.e if you are using the Cloud Gateway then all your URLs will be prefixed with the appropriate gateway's address.

These appear in various forms, starting from as simple as the href itself:

"cardholders": {
    "href": "https://localhost:8904/api/access_groups/352/cardholders"
}

through to self recursive references (where the data is nested) with additional attributes:

"parent": {
    "href": "https://localhost:8904/api/access_groups/100",
    "name": "All R&D"
}

Caution

Following the design patterns outlined by HATEOAS, you must never hardcode any URLs. You should hit the base API URL which returns the hrefs of all other resources. If you are using the Python SDK, then you don't have to worry about this, the client will handle this for you.

Python SDK Design

This API client primarily depends on the following libraries:

• httpx, fo transporting and parsing HTTP requests
• pydantic, for validating responses and constructing request bodies

We use Taskfile to automate running tasks.

The project provides a comprehensive set of tests which can be run with task test. These tests do create objects in the Command Centre, we advice you to obtain a test license.

Important

It's not recommended to run tests against a production system.

Data Transfer Objects

There are three types of schema definitions, each one of them suffixed with their intent:

• Ref are References to other objects, they using contain a href and possibly additional meta data such as a name or id
• Summary is what is returned by the Gallagher API in operations such as searches, these are generally a subset of the full object
• Detail are the full object found at a particular href, they compound on the Summary schema and add additional attributes
• Response is a collection of Summary objects with other paths like next and previous for pagination and updates for polling results
• Payload is used to send a request to the API

In summary the properties of each are as follows:

• Refs are the minimal pathway to an object
• Summary builds on a Ref and provides a subset of the attributes
• Detail builds on a Summary and provides the full set of attributes
• Response encapsulates a collection of Summary objects, they typically have next and previous paths for pagination
• Payload are verbose and match the schema definition on the documentation

Each resource endpoint subclasses the APIEndpoint which marks a resource as fetchable, queryable, creatable, updatable and deletable. This is determined by the configuration defined using an EndpointConfig class.

Tip

The above is meant to be a summary, please see our documentation for more details.

Schema Design Patterns

Our schemas provide a set of Mixins that are used to construct the Models. These are repeatable patterns that need not be repeated. The typical patter would be to subclass from the Mixins e.g:

from .utils import AppBaseModel, IdentityMixin, HrefMixin

class AccessGroupRef(
    AppBaseModel,
    HrefMixin
):
    """ Access Groups is what a user is assigned to to provide access to doors
    """
    name: str

where the HrefMixin (see also OptionalHrefMixin for use where the href is not always present) provides the href attribute:

class HrefMixin(BaseModel):
    """ Href

    This mixin is used to define the href field for all
    responses from the Gallagher API.
    """
    href: str

These Mixin classes can also be used to declare attributes that seek to use the same pattern:

class DivisionDetail(
    AppBaseModel,
    IdentityMixin,
):
    """ Defines a Division on the Gallagher Command Centre
    """

    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    server_display_name: Optional[str] = None
    parent: OptionalHrefMixin = None

Schemas

Our schemas provide a set of Mixins that are used to construct the Models. These are repeatable patterns that need not be repeated. The typical patter would be to subclass from the Mixins e.g:

from .utils import AppBaseModel, IdentityMixin, HrefMixin

class AccessGroupRef(
    AppBaseModel,
    HrefMixin
):
    """ Access Groups is what a user is assigned to to provide access to doors
    """
    name: str

where the HrefMixin provides the href attribute:

class HrefMixin(BaseModel):
    """ Href

    This mixin is used to define the href field for all
    responses from the Gallagher API.
    """
    href: str

These Mixin classes can also be used to declare attributes that seek to use the same pattern:

class DivisionDetail(
    AppBaseModel,
    IdentityMixin,
):
    """ Outlines the definition of a Division on the Gallagher Command Centre
    """

    name: str
    description: Optional[str]
    server_display_name: str
    parent: Optional[HrefMixin]

where parent is simply an href without any other attributes. In the cases where these attributes have more than just an href we defined Reference classes:

class AccessGroupRef(
    AppBaseModel,
    HrefMixin
):
    """ Access Groups is what a user is assigned to to provide access to doors
    """
    name: str

and use them to populate the attributes:

class VisitorTypeDetail(
    AppBaseModel,
    IdentityMixin
):
    """
    """
    access_group : AccessGroupRef
    host_access_groups: list[AccessGroupSummary]
    visitor_access_groups: list[AccessGroupSummary]

In this example the AppGroupRef has a name attribute which is not present in the HrefMixin class.

Please see the schema section for naming conventions for schema classes

where parent is simply an href without any other attributes. In the cases where these attributes have more than just an href we defined Reference classes:

class AccessGroupRef(
    AppBaseModel,
    HrefMixin
):
    """ Access Groups is what a user is assigned to to provide access to doors
    """
    name: str

and use them to populate the attributes:

class VisitorTypeDetail(
    AppBaseModel,
    IdentityMixin
):
    """
    """
    access_group : AccessGroupRef
    host_access_groups: list[AccessGroupSummary]
    visitor_access_groups: list[AccessGroupSummary]

In this example the AppGroupRef has a name attribute which is not present in the HrefMixin class.

Please see the schema section for naming conventions for schema classes

Resources

The following are resources that were discoverd during the design and development of these tools. Not all of them are in use by the toolkit, they were discovered as the library evolved.

Python Libraries

Tip

Following are Python libraries that I have found during the development of the Gallagher tools. They are not necessarily in use at the moment but a reference in case we need the functionality.

• plotext - plots directly on your terminal (something I found when I was exploring apps like dolphie)
• rich-pixels - a Rich-compatible library for writing pixel images and other colourful grids to the terminal by @darrenburns
• PyFilesystem - a Python file system abstraction layer

Articles

• A year of building for the terminal by @darrenburns

License

Distributed under the MIT License except Artwork and Branding assets.

Credits

• Matthew Skiles for the beautiful logo for the project.
• Orion Edwards for all his support on getting @devraj started with the Gallagher API.
• Mick Lambert, Tim Harris, Andrew Donkin, Mike Margrain, Nathan Matera from the Gallagher team for all their support.