diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/accordion-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/accordion-spec.js
index 35a0776672..a975f53108 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/accordion-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/accordion-spec.js
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ describe('Accordion component', function () {
     '</div>'
 
   function startAccordion () {
-    new GOVUK.Modules.GemAccordion(accordion).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.GemAccordion(accordion)
   }
 
   beforeEach(function () {
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/checkboxes-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/checkboxes-spec.js
index ec2f15557d..343a6d368a 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/checkboxes-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/checkboxes-spec.js
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 describe('Checkboxes component', function () {
   function loadCheckboxesComponent () {
-    new GOVUK.Modules.GemCheckboxes($('.gem-c-checkboxes')[0]).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.GemCheckboxes($('.gem-c-checkboxes')[0])
   }
 
   var FIXTURE =
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/contextual-guidance-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/contextual-guidance-spec.js
index 7fa7882ade..3ca7a8ade1 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/contextual-guidance-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/contextual-guidance-spec.js
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ describe('Contextual guidance component', function () {
     document.body.appendChild(container)
     var titleContextualGuidance = document.getElementById('document-title-guidance')
     var summaryContextualGuidance = document.getElementById('document-summary-guidance')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.ContextualGuidance(titleContextualGuidance).init()
-    new GOVUK.Modules.ContextualGuidance(summaryContextualGuidance).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.ContextualGuidance(titleContextualGuidance)
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.ContextualGuidance(summaryContextualGuidance)
   })
 
   afterEach(function () {
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/cookie-banner-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/cookie-banner-spec.js
index 75c98b9499..ee38b2bd6c 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/cookie-banner-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/cookie-banner-spec.js
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
 
   it('should show the cookie banner', function () {
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var cookieBannerMain = document.querySelector('.js-banner-wrapper')
     var cookieBannerConfirmationAccept = document.querySelector('.gem-c-cookie-banner__confirmation-message--accepted')
@@ -73,7 +74,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     GOVUK.setDefaultConsentCookie() // Set default cookies, which are set whether there is any interaction or not.
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var cookieBannerMain = document.querySelector('.js-banner-wrapper')
     var cookieBannerConfirmationAccept = document.querySelector('.gem-c-cookie-banner__confirmation-message--accepted')
@@ -89,14 +91,16 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     GOVUK.cookie('cookies_preferences_set', 'true', { days: 365 })
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     expect(element).toBeHidden()
   })
 
   it('sets a default consent cookie', function () {
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     expect(GOVUK.getCookie('cookies_preferences_set')).toEqual(null)
     expect(GOVUK.getCookie('cookies_policy')).toEqual(DEFAULT_COOKIE_CONSENT)
@@ -107,7 +111,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     spyOn(GOVUK, 'deleteUnconsentedCookies').and.callThrough()
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     expect(GOVUK.getCookie('cookies_policy')).toEqual(DEFAULT_COOKIE_CONSENT)
     expect(GOVUK.deleteUnconsentedCookies).toHaveBeenCalled()
@@ -119,7 +124,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     spyOn(GOVUK, 'setCookie').and.callThrough()
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     // Manually reset the consent cookie so we can check the accept button works as intended
     expect(GOVUK.getCookie('cookies_policy')).toEqual(DEFAULT_COOKIE_CONSENT)
@@ -144,7 +150,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     spyOn(GOVUK, 'setCookie').and.callThrough()
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     // Manually reset the consent cookie so we can check the accept button works as intended
     expect(GOVUK.getCookie('cookies_policy')).toEqual(DEFAULT_COOKIE_CONSENT)
@@ -161,7 +168,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
 
   it('shows a confirmation message when cookies have been accepted', function () {
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var acceptCookiesButton = document.querySelector('[data-accept-cookies]')
     var confirmationMessageAccepted = document.querySelector('.gem-c-cookie-banner__confirmation-message--accepted')
@@ -176,7 +184,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
 
   it('shows a confirmation message when cookies have been rejected', function () {
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var rejectCookiesButton = document.querySelector('[data-reject-cookies]')
     var confirmationMessageRejected = document.querySelector('.gem-c-cookie-banner__confirmation-message--rejected')
@@ -191,7 +200,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
 
   it('set focus to the confirmation message after clicking button', function () {
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var rejectCookiesButton = document.querySelector('[data-reject-cookies]')
     var confirmationMessage = document.querySelector('.gem-c-cookie-banner__confirmation')
@@ -206,7 +216,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
   it('set cookies_preferences_set cookie, and re-set cookies_policy expiration date when rejecting cookies', function () {
     spyOn(GOVUK, 'setCookie').and.callThrough()
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var rejectCookiesButton = document.querySelector('[data-reject-cookies]')
 
@@ -220,7 +231,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
     spyOn(GOVUK, 'setCookie').and.callThrough()
 
     var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
 
     var link = document.querySelector('button[data-hide-cookie-banner="true"]')
     link.dispatchEvent(new window.Event('click'))
@@ -243,7 +255,8 @@ describe('Cookie banner', function () {
 
     it('should hide the cookie banner', function () {
       var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="cookie-banner"]')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.CookieBanner(element)
       expect(element).toBeHidden()
     })
   })
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/feedback-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/feedback-spec.js
index 37a984c148..13c31e3a8e 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/feedback-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/feedback-spec.js
@@ -780,7 +780,8 @@ describe('Feedback component', function () {
   })
 
   function loadFeedbackComponent () {
-    new GOVUK.Modules.Feedback($('.gem-c-feedback')[0]).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.Feedback($('.gem-c-feedback')[0])
   }
 
   function fillAndSubmitSomethingIsWrongForm () {
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/govspeak-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/govspeak-spec.js
index 5de65f4f27..eb6aa445dc 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/govspeak-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/govspeak-spec.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ describe('Govspeak', function () {
       document.body.appendChild(container)
 
       var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="govspeak"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Govspeak(element).init()
 
       expect(document.querySelectorAll('.gem-c-govspeak__youtube-video').length).toBe(1)
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ describe('Govspeak', function () {
       document.body.appendChild(container)
 
       var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="govspeak"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Govspeak(element).init()
 
       expect(document.querySelectorAll('.gem-c-govspeak__youtube-video').length).toBe(0)
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ describe('Govspeak', function () {
       document.body.appendChild(container)
 
       var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="govspeak"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Govspeak(element).init()
 
       expect(document.querySelectorAll('.mc-chart').length).toBe(1)
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/intervention-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/intervention-spec.js
index 2b59a525ff..a455733ac5 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/intervention-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/intervention-spec.js
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ describe('Intervention banner component', function () {
     it('does not display the banner', function () {
       GOVUK.setCookie('intervention_campaign', 'test-intervention-name', { days: 1 })
       var element = document.querySelector('[data-module="intervention"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Intervention(element).init()
 
       var banner = document.querySelector('.gem-c-intervention')
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/layout-super-navigation-header-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/layout-super-navigation-header-spec.js
index 33a8ddf516..d539a33141 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/layout-super-navigation-header-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/layout-super-navigation-header-spec.js
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ describe('The super header navigation', function () {
   'use strict'
 
   var container
-  var thisModule
 
   beforeEach(function () {
     container = document.createElement('div')
@@ -198,10 +197,6 @@ describe('The super header navigation', function () {
       '</nav>'
 
     document.body.appendChild(container)
-
-    var $element = document.querySelector('[data-module="super-navigation-mega-menu"]')
-    thisModule = new GOVUK.Modules.SuperNavigationMegaMenu($element)
-
     spyOn(GOVUK.analytics, 'trackEvent')
   })
 
@@ -215,7 +210,9 @@ describe('The super header navigation', function () {
 
   describe('on both small and large screens', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
-      thisModule.init()
+      var $element = document.querySelector('[data-module="super-navigation-mega-menu"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.SuperNavigationMegaMenu($element)
     })
 
     it('has the initialised class once the JavaScript has run', function () {
@@ -229,7 +226,9 @@ describe('The super header navigation', function () {
     var $button
 
     beforeEach(function () {
-      thisModule.init()
+      var $element = document.querySelector('[data-module="super-navigation-mega-menu"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.SuperNavigationMegaMenu($element)
       $button = document.querySelector('#super-navigation-menu-toggle')
     })
 
@@ -347,7 +346,9 @@ describe('The super header navigation', function () {
     var $button
 
     beforeEach(function () {
-      thisModule.init()
+      var $element = document.querySelector('[data-module="super-navigation-mega-menu"]')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.SuperNavigationMegaMenu($element)
       $button = document.querySelector('#super-search-menu-toggle')
     })
 
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/option-select-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/option-select-spec.js
index 6d3b6b98d0..36fcc32118 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/option-select-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/option-select-spec.js
@@ -104,7 +104,11 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       var $closedOnLoadFixture = $(optionSelectWithAttrs('data-closed-on-load=true'))
       $('body').append($closedOnLoadFixture)
 
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($closedOnLoadFixture[0]).init()
+      console.log($closedOnLoadFixture[0].outerHTML)
+
+      console.log(new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($closedOnLoadFixture[0]))
+
+      console.log($closedOnLoadFixture[0].outerHTML)
 
       expect($closedOnLoadFixture.find('button').attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('false')
     })
@@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       var $openOnLoadFixture = $(optionSelectWithAttrs('data-closed-on-load=false'))
       $('body').append($openOnLoadFixture)
 
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($openOnLoadFixture[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($openOnLoadFixture[0])
 
       expect($openOnLoadFixture.find('button').attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('true')
       expect($('body').find('.js-options-container').is(':visible')).toBe(true)
@@ -123,7 +128,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       var $openOnLoadFixture = $(optionSelectWithAttrs(''))
       $('body').append($openOnLoadFixture)
 
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($openOnLoadFixture[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($openOnLoadFixture[0])
 
       expect($openOnLoadFixture.find('button').attr('aria-expanded')).toBe('true')
       expect($('body').find('.js-options-container').is(':visible')).toBe(true)
@@ -132,7 +138,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
     it('sets the height of the options container as part of initialisation', function () {
       $element = document.createElement('div')
       $element.innerHTML = html
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select')).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select'))
 
       expect($($element).find('.js-options-container').attr('style')).toContain('height')
     })
@@ -140,7 +147,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
     it('doesn\'t set the height of the options container as part of initialisation if closed-on-load is true', function () {
       var $closedOnLoadFixture = $(optionSelectWithAttrs('data-closed-on-load=true'))
 
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($closedOnLoadFixture[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($closedOnLoadFixture[0])
 
       expect($closedOnLoadFixture.find('.js-options-container').attr('style')).not.toContain('height')
     })
@@ -148,7 +156,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
     it('replaces the `span.gem-c-option-select__title` with a button', function () {
       $element = document.createElement('div')
       $element.innerHTML = html
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select')).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select'))
 
       expect($($element).find('button')).toBeDefined()
     })
@@ -161,7 +170,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $('body').append($element)
 
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select'))
-      optionSelect.init()
     })
 
     it('calls optionSelect.close() if the optionSelect is currently open', function () {
@@ -185,7 +193,8 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $element.innerHTML = html
       $('body').append($element)
 
-      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select')).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.querySelector('.gem-c-option-select'))
     })
 
     it('closes and opens the option select', function () {
@@ -215,7 +224,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $('body').append($element)
 
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.find('.gem-c-option-select')[0])
-      optionSelect.init()
       optionSelect.setContainerHeight(100)
       firstCheckbox = optionSelect.$allCheckboxes[0]
       lastCheckbox = optionSelect.$allCheckboxes[optionSelect.$allCheckboxes.length - 1]
@@ -237,7 +245,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $('body').append($element)
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.find('.gem-c-option-select')[0])
-      optionSelect.init()
     })
 
     it('returns all the checkboxes if the container doesn\'t overflow', function () {
@@ -277,7 +284,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       })
 
       $checkboxListInner = $checkboxList.find(' > .js-auto-height-inner')
-      optionSelect.init()
     })
 
     it('expands the checkbox-container to fit checkbox list if the list is < 50px larger than the container', function () {
@@ -308,7 +314,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $wrapper.hide()
 
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($wrapper.find('.gem-c-option-select')[0])
-      optionSelect.init()
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -328,7 +333,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       var $wrapper = $('<div/>').addClass('wrapper').hide().html($element)
       $('body').append($wrapper)
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.find('.gem-c-option-select')[0])
-      optionSelect.init()
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -362,7 +366,6 @@ describe('An option select component', function () {
       $element.find('.gem-c-checkboxes').prepend($(filterSpan))
       $('body').append($element)
       optionSelect = new GOVUK.Modules.OptionSelect($element.find('.gem-c-option-select')[0])
-      optionSelect.init()
 
       jasmine.clock().install()
       $filterInput = document.querySelector('[name="option-select-filter"]')
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/show-password-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/show-password-spec.js
index 66020b6e3f..fbf3bb290f 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/show-password-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/show-password-spec.js
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ describe('A show password component', function () {
           '</div>' +
         '</div>'
       )
-      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -67,7 +69,9 @@ describe('A show password component', function () {
         '</form>'
       )
       $('body').append(element)
-      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element.find('.gem-c-show-password')[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element.find('.gem-c-show-password')[0])
       $('body').on('submit', function (e) {
         e.preventDefault()
       })
@@ -104,7 +108,9 @@ describe('A show password component', function () {
         '</form>'
       )
       $('body').append(element)
-      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element.find('.gem-c-show-password')[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element.find('.gem-c-show-password')[0])
       $('body').on('submit', function (e) {
         e.preventDefault()
       })
@@ -137,7 +143,8 @@ describe('A show password component', function () {
           '</div>' +
         '</div>'
       )
-      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.ShowPassword(element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/components/step-by-step-nav-spec.js b/spec/javascripts/components/step-by-step-nav-spec.js
index a8deff8461..d803bb838f 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/components/step-by-step-nav-spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/components/step-by-step-nav-spec.js
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
 
   beforeEach(function () {
     $element = $(html)
-    new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+    /* eslint-disable no-new */
+    new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     expectedstepnavStepCount = $element.find('.gem-c-step-nav__step').length
     expectedstepnavContentCount = $element.find('.gem-c-step-nav__step').first().find('.js-link').length
     expectedstepnavLinkCount = $element.find('.gem-c-step-nav__list-item').length
@@ -382,7 +383,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.attr('data-remember', true)
       $element.addClass('gem-c-step-nav--large')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -430,7 +432,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element.attr('data-remember', true)
       $element.addClass('gem-c-step-nav--large')
       window.sessionStorage.setItem('unique-id', '["topic-step-one","topic-step-three"]')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -469,7 +472,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element.attr('data-remember', true)
       $element.addClass('gem-c-step-nav--large')
       window.sessionStorage.setItem('unique-id', '["topic-step-one","topic-step-two","topic-step-three"]')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -487,7 +491,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.attr('data-remember', true)
       window.sessionStorage.setItem('unique-id', '["topic-step-one","topic-step-two","topic-step-three"]')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -512,7 +517,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.find('#topic-step-two').attr('data-show', '')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     it('shows the step it\'s supposed to', function () {
@@ -533,7 +539,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.addClass('gem-c-step-nav--large')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     it('triggers a google analytics custom event when clicking on the title on a big stepnav', function () {
@@ -683,7 +690,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.find('.js-will-be-an-active-link').addClass('gem-c-step-nav__list-item--active')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -742,7 +750,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.find('.js-will-be-an-active-link').addClass('gem-c-step-nav__list-item--active')
       window.sessionStorage.setItem('govuk-step-nav-active-link_unique-id', '3.5')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -765,7 +774,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.find('.js-will-be-an-active-link').addClass('gem-c-step-nav__list-item--active')
       window.sessionStorage.setItem('govuk-step-nav-active-link_unique-id', 'definitelynotvalid')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -784,7 +794,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.find('.js-will-be-an-active-link').addClass('gem-c-step-nav__list-item--active')
       $element.find('.gem-c-step-nav__step').removeClass('gem-c-step-nav__step--active')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     afterEach(function () {
@@ -802,7 +813,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       $element = $(html)
       $element.removeAttr('data-id')
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav($element[0])
     })
 
     it('triggers a google analytics custom event on show all', function () {
@@ -929,7 +941,8 @@ describe('A stepnav module', function () {
       element.childNodes[0].setAttribute('data-module', 'gemstepnav ga4-event-tracker')
       element.childNodes[0].setAttribute('data-ga4-expandable', '')
       element.querySelector('.js-step-title').innerText = "This title's got quotation marks \" in it."
-      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav(element.childNodes[0]).init()
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
+      new GOVUK.Modules.Gemstepnav(element.childNodes[0])
     })
 
     it('adds the "Show all" JSON to the JS generated "show all steps" button', function () {
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-auto-tracker.spec.js b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-auto-tracker.spec.js
index e6b605bb29..c3dd165919 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-auto-tracker.spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-auto-tracker.spec.js
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics auto tracker', function () {
   describe('configuring tracking without any data', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-auto', '')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4AutoTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics auto tracker', function () {
   describe('configuring tracking with incorrect data', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-auto', 'invalid json')
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4AutoTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -110,6 +112,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics auto tracker', function () {
         index_section_count: undefined
       }
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-auto', JSON.stringify(attributes))
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4AutoTracker(element).init()
     })
 
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-event-tracker.spec.js b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-event-tracker.spec.js
index 65e2e8ca17..9872790cd0 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-event-tracker.spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-event-tracker.spec.js
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', '')
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
     beforeEach(function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', 'invalid json')
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
       }
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', JSON.stringify(attributes))
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -146,6 +149,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
     it('records the text of the element by default', function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', JSON.stringify(attributes))
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
       expected.event_data.text = 'text from the button'
 
@@ -157,6 +161,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
       attributes.text = 'text from the attributes'
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', JSON.stringify(attributes))
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
       expected.event_data.text = 'text from the attributes'
 
@@ -197,6 +202,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           'class="clickme"' +
         '></div>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -219,6 +225,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
       element.setAttribute('data-ga4-event', JSON.stringify(attributes))
       element.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false')
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -256,6 +263,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
         '>' +
         '</details>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -295,6 +303,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           '<button aria-expanded="false">Show</button>' +
         '</div>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -338,6 +347,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           '<summary class="nested">Example</summary>' +
         '</details>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -381,6 +391,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           '</div>' +
         '</div>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -404,6 +415,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           '</details>' +
         '</div>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
@@ -430,6 +442,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
           '</div>' +
         '</div>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
 
       spyOn(GOVUK.analyticsGa4.core.trackFunctions, 'getPathname').and.returnValue('/hello-world')
@@ -477,6 +490,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
       element.appendChild(noButton)
 
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
 
       window.dataLayer = []
@@ -514,6 +528,7 @@ describe('Google Analytics event tracker', function () {
       '<button aria-expanded="false">Search</button>' +
       '</nav></header>'
       document.body.appendChild(element)
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4EventTracker(element).init()
     })
 
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-smart-answer-results-tracker.spec.js b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-smart-answer-results-tracker.spec.js
index 89c81fd269..074a63df2b 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-smart-answer-results-tracker.spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/analytics-ga4/ga4-smart-answer-results-tracker.spec.js
@@ -93,18 +93,21 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
 
   describe('on page load', function () {
     it('should push a nullified ecommerce object to the dataLayer', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       expect(window.dataLayer[0].search_results.ecommerce).toBe(null)
     })
 
     it('should get the number of results i.e. 5 results in this test case', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       expect(window.dataLayer[1].search_results.results).toBe(onPageLoadExpected.search_results.results)
     })
 
     it('should get the item id for each result', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       var smartAnswerResultItems = window.dataLayer[1].search_results.ecommerce.items
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should get the item list name for each result', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       var smartAnswerResultItems = window.dataLayer[1].search_results.ecommerce.items
@@ -128,6 +132,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
       }
       smartAnswerResultsParentEl.removeAttribute('data-ga4-list-title')
 
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       var smartAnswerResultItems = window.dataLayer[1].search_results.ecommerce.items
@@ -137,6 +142,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should get the index for each result using the data-ga4-ecommerce-index attribute', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       var smartAnswerResultItems = window.dataLayer[1].search_results.ecommerce.items
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
         smartAnswerResults[i].removeAttribute('data-ga4-ecommerce-index')
       }
 
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       var smartAnswerResultItems = window.dataLayer[1].search_results.ecommerce.items
@@ -193,6 +200,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should push a nullified ecommerce object to the dataLayer', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       expect(window.dataLayer[0].search_results.ecommerce).toBe(null)
@@ -209,6 +217,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should push 1 search result to the dataLayer (i.e. the clicked search result)', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       smartAnswerResultToBeClicked.click()
@@ -216,6 +225,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should add the event_data property to the object and set it appropriately', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       smartAnswerResultToBeClicked.click()
@@ -224,6 +234,7 @@ describe('GA4 smart answer results tracking', function () {
     })
 
     it('should set the remaining properties appropriately', function () {
+      /* eslint-disable no-new */
       new GOVUK.Modules.Ga4SmartAnswerResultsTracker(smartAnswerResultsParentEl).init()
 
       smartAnswerResultToBeClicked.click()
diff --git a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/modules.spec.js b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/modules.spec.js
index 2c93ad918b..fb4dc70713 100644
--- a/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/modules.spec.js
+++ b/spec/javascripts/govuk_publishing_components/modules.spec.js
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ describe('GOVUK Modules', function () {
       // GOV.UK Frontend Modules
       function TestAlertFrontendModule (element) {
         this.element = element
+        this.init()
       }
       TestAlertFrontendModule.prototype.init = function () {
         callbackFrontendModule(this.element)
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ describe('GOVUK Modules', function () {
       // GOV.UK Gem Frontend Modules
       function GemTestAlertFrontendModule (element) {
         this.element = element
+        this.init()
       }
       GemTestAlertFrontendModule.prototype.init = function () {
         callbackGemFrontendModule(this.element)
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ describe('GOVUK Modules', function () {
       // GOV.UK Frontend Module with a GOVUK Publishing Module counterpart
       function TestAlertPublishingAndFrontendModule (element) {
         this.element = element
+        this.init()
       }
       TestAlertPublishingAndFrontendModule.prototype.init = function () {
         callbackFrontendModule(this.element)
@@ -110,6 +113,7 @@ describe('GOVUK Modules', function () {
       // GOV.UK Frontend Module that depends on cookies to start and delays
       function TestCookieDependencyModule (element) {
         this.element = element
+        this.init()
       }
       TestCookieDependencyModule.prototype.init = function () {
         this.startModule = this.startModule.bind(this)
@@ -124,6 +128,7 @@ describe('GOVUK Modules', function () {
       // module with a deliberate error in it
       function TestErrorModule (element) {
         this.element = element
+        this.init()
       }
       TestErrorModule.prototype.init = function () {
         throw new Error('This is a deliberate error')