⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Zora Mainnet

Run parameters

Parameter	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Gas price (gwei)	`0.001000252`	`0.000105252`
L1 base fee (gwei)	`1.254060963`	`24.05`
L1 base fee scalar	`100000`	`20000`
Blob base fee (wei)	`7152185`	`46930000000`
Blob base fee scalar	`611590`	`633664`
ETH price (USD)	`$3192.59`	`-`

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00376`	`$0.05616`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00596`	`$0.06019`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00457`	`$0.06483`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00475`	`$0.06901`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00514`	`$0.07561`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00475`	`$0.07085`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00603`	`$0.08643`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00386`	`$0.05608`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00394`	`$0.05600`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00412`	`$0.05837`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00461`	`$0.06706`
Simple Account	`$0.00399`	`$0.05663`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.000000233`	`7508`	`0.000000944`	`0.000001177`	`$0.00376`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.000000859`	`8020`	`0.000001008`	`0.000001867`	`$0.00596`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.000000342`	`8664`	`0.000001089`	`0.000001431`	`$0.00457`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.000000330`	`9224`	`0.000001159`	`0.000001489`	`$0.00475`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.000000339`	`10108`	`0.000001270`	`0.000001609`	`$0.00514`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.000000296`	`9472`	`0.000001190`	`0.000001487`	`$0.00475`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.000000436`	`11552`	`0.000001452`	`0.000001887`	`$0.00603`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.000000267`	`7496`	`0.000000942`	`0.000001209`	`$0.00386`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.000000293`	`7484`	`0.000000941`	`0.000001233`	`$0.00394`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.000000311`	`7800`	`0.000000980`	`0.000001291`	`$0.00412`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.000000318`	`8964`	`0.000001127`	`0.000001445`	`$0.00461`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.000000297`	`7568`	`0.000000951`	`0.000001249`	`$0.00399`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.000000025`	`7508`	`0.000017566`	`0.000017590`	`$0.05616`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.000000090`	`8020`	`0.000018764`	`0.000018854`	`$0.06019`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.000000036`	`8664`	`0.000020270`	`0.000020306`	`$0.06483`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.000000035`	`9224`	`0.000021581`	`0.000021615`	`$0.06901`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.000000036`	`10108`	`0.000023649`	`0.000023684`	`$0.07561`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.000000031`	`9472`	`0.000022161`	`0.000022192`	`$0.07085`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.000000046`	`11552`	`0.000027027`	`0.000027073`	`$0.08643`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.000000028`	`7496`	`0.000017538`	`0.000017566`	`$0.05608`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.000000031`	`7484`	`0.000017510`	`0.000017541`	`$0.05600`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.000000033`	`7800`	`0.000018249`	`0.000018282`	`$0.05837`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.000000033`	`8964`	`0.000020972`	`0.000021006`	`$0.06706`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.000000031`	`7568`	`0.000017706`	`0.000017738`	`$0.05663`

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00330`	`$0.05201`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00344`	`$0.05419`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00345`	`$0.05449`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00367`	`$0.05867`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00355`	`$0.05486`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00349`	`$0.05524`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00356`	`$0.05578`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00327`	`$0.05192`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00327`	`$0.05192`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00340`	`$0.05419`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00363`	`$0.05828`
Simple Account	`$0.00326`	`$0.05183`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.000000159`	`6956`	`0.000000874`	`0.000001033`	`$0.00330`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.000000165`	`7248`	`0.000000911`	`0.000001076`	`$0.00344`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.000000164`	`7288`	`0.000000916`	`0.000001080`	`$0.00345`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.000000162`	`7848`	`0.000000986`	`0.000001148`	`$0.00367`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.000000191`	`7336`	`0.000000922`	`0.000001113`	`$0.00355`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.000000163`	`7388`	`0.000000929`	`0.000001092`	`$0.00349`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.000000177`	`7460`	`0.000000938`	`0.000001114`	`$0.00356`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.000000151`	`6944`	`0.000000873`	`0.000001024`	`$0.00327`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.000000151`	`6944`	`0.000000873`	`0.000001024`	`$0.00327`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.000000153`	`7248`	`0.000000911`	`0.000001064`	`$0.00340`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.000000157`	`7796`	`0.000000980`	`0.000001137`	`$0.00363`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.000000151`	`6932`	`0.000000871`	`0.000001022`	`$0.00326`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.000000017`	`6956`	`0.000016274`	`0.000016291`	`$0.05201`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.000000017`	`7248`	`0.000016958`	`0.000016975`	`$0.05419`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.000000017`	`7288`	`0.000017051`	`0.000017068`	`$0.05449`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.000000017`	`7848`	`0.000018361`	`0.000018378`	`$0.05867`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.000000020`	`7336`	`0.000017163`	`0.000017184`	`$0.05486`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.000000017`	`7388`	`0.000017285`	`0.000017302`	`$0.05524`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.000000019`	`7460`	`0.000017454`	`0.000017472`	`$0.05578`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.000000016`	`6944`	`0.000016246`	`0.000016262`	`$0.05192`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.000000016`	`6944`	`0.000016246`	`0.000016262`	`$0.05192`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.000000016`	`7248`	`0.000016958`	`0.000016974`	`$0.05419`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.000000017`	`7796`	`0.000018240`	`0.000018256`	`$0.05828`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.000000016`	`6932`	`0.000016218`	`0.000016234`	`$0.05183`

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00364`	`$0.05704`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00378`	`$0.05922`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00374`	`$0.05847`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00402`	`$0.06379`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00384`	`$0.05875`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00383`	`$0.06027`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00390`	`$0.06072`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00362`	`$0.05695`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00362`	`$0.05695`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00374`	`$0.05913`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00397`	`$0.06322`
Simple Account	`$0.00362`	`$0.05695`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.000000183`	`7628`	`0.000000959`	`0.000001141`	`$0.00364`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.000000190`	`7920`	`0.000000995`	`0.000001185`	`$0.00378`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.000000188`	`7820`	`0.000000983`	`0.000001171`	`$0.00374`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.000000186`	`8532`	`0.000001072`	`0.000001258`	`$0.00402`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.000000215`	`7856`	`0.000000987`	`0.000001202`	`$0.00384`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.000000188`	`8060`	`0.000001013`	`0.000001201`	`$0.00383`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.000000201`	`8120`	`0.000001021`	`0.000001221`	`$0.00390`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000957`	`0.000001132`	`$0.00362`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000957`	`0.000001133`	`$0.00362`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.000000177`	`7908`	`0.000000994`	`0.000001171`	`$0.00374`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.000000181`	`8456`	`0.000001063`	`0.000001244`	`$0.00397`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000957`	`0.000001133`	`$0.00362`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.000000019`	`7628`	`0.000017847`	`0.000017866`	`$0.05704`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.000000020`	`7920`	`0.000018530`	`0.000018550`	`$0.05922`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.000000020`	`7820`	`0.000018296`	`0.000018316`	`$0.05847`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.000000020`	`8532`	`0.000019962`	`0.000019981`	`$0.06379`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.000000023`	`7856`	`0.000018380`	`0.000018403`	`$0.05875`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.000000020`	`8060`	`0.000018857`	`0.000018877`	`$0.06027`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.000000021`	`8120`	`0.000018998`	`0.000019019`	`$0.06072`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.000000018`	`7616`	`0.000017819`	`0.000017837`	`$0.05695`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.000000018`	`7616`	`0.000017819`	`0.000017837`	`$0.05695`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.000000019`	`7908`	`0.000018502`	`0.000018520`	`$0.05913`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.000000019`	`8456`	`0.000019784`	`0.000019803`	`$0.06322`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.000000018`	`7616`	`0.000017819`	`0.000017837`	`$0.05695`

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00426`	`$0.06744`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00440`	`$0.06954`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00435`	`$0.06870`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00463`	`$0.07402`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00444`	`$0.06889`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00444`	`$0.07049`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00452`	`$0.07103`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00423`	`$0.06726`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00422`	`$0.06708`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00436`	`$0.06953`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00459`	`$0.07354`
Simple Account	`$0.00423`	`$0.06726`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.000000202`	`9020`	`0.000001134`	`0.000001335`	`$0.00426`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.000000209`	`9300`	`0.000001169`	`0.000001378`	`$0.00440`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.000000207`	`9188`	`0.000001155`	`0.000001362`	`$0.00435`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.000000205`	`9900`	`0.000001244`	`0.000001449`	`$0.00463`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.000000234`	`9212`	`0.000001158`	`0.000001392`	`$0.00444`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.000000207`	`9428`	`0.000001185`	`0.000001392`	`$0.00444`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.000000221`	`9500`	`0.000001194`	`0.000001414`	`$0.00452`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.000000194`	`8996`	`0.000001131`	`0.000001325`	`$0.00423`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.000000194`	`8972`	`0.000001128`	`0.000001322`	`$0.00422`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.000000196`	`9300`	`0.000001169`	`0.000001365`	`$0.00436`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.000000201`	`9836`	`0.000001236`	`0.000001437`	`$0.00459`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.000000195`	`8996`	`0.000001131`	`0.000001325`	`$0.00423`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.000000021`	`9020`	`0.000021103`	`0.000021125`	`$0.06744`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.000000022`	`9300`	`0.000021758`	`0.000021780`	`$0.06954`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.000000022`	`9188`	`0.000021496`	`0.000021518`	`$0.06870`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.000000022`	`9900`	`0.000023162`	`0.000023184`	`$0.07402`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.000000025`	`9212`	`0.000021553`	`0.000021577`	`$0.06889`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.000000022`	`9428`	`0.000022058`	`0.000022080`	`$0.07049`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.000000023`	`9500`	`0.000022226`	`0.000022250`	`$0.07103`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.000000020`	`8996`	`0.000021047`	`0.000021068`	`$0.06726`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.000000020`	`8972`	`0.000020991`	`0.000021011`	`$0.06708`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.000000021`	`9300`	`0.000021758`	`0.000021779`	`$0.06953`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.000000021`	`9836`	`0.000023012`	`0.000023034`	`$0.07354`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.000000021`	`8996`	`0.000021047`	`0.000021068`	`$0.06726`

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00710`	`$0.10286`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00881`	`$0.10589`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00493`	`$0.07925`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00602`	`$0.09484`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.000000495`	`13748`	`0.000001728`	`0.000002223`	`$0.00710`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.000000983`	`14132`	`0.000001776`	`0.000002759`	`$0.00881`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.000000213`	`10600`	`0.000001332`	`0.000001545`	`$0.00493`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.000000293`	`12684`	`0.000001594`	`0.000001887`	`$0.00602`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.000000052`	`13748`	`0.000032165`	`0.000032217`	`$0.10286`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.000000103`	`14132`	`0.000033063`	`0.000033167`	`$0.10589`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.000000022`	`10600`	`0.000024800`	`0.000024822`	`$0.07925`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.000000031`	`12684`	`0.000029676`	`0.000029706`	`$0.09484`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00337`	`$0.05255`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00376`	`$0.06035`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00435`	`$0.07345`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.000000172`	`7028`	`0.000000883`	`0.000001055`	`$0.00337`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.000000164`	`8072`	`0.000001014`	`0.000001178`	`$0.00376`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.000000127`	`9828`	`0.000001235`	`0.000001362`	`$0.00435`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.000000018`	`7028`	`0.000016443`	`0.000016461`	`$0.05255`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.000000017`	`8072`	`0.000018885`	`0.000018903`	`$0.06035`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.000000013`	`9828`	`0.000022994`	`0.000023007`	`$0.07345`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00372`	`$0.05758`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00413`	`$0.06529`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00503`	`$0.08490`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00483`	`$0.08084`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.000000197`	`7700`	`0.000000968`	`0.000001165`	`$0.00372`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.000000195`	`8732`	`0.000001097`	`0.000001292`	`$0.00413`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.000000147`	`11360`	`0.000001428`	`0.000001575`	`$0.00503`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.000000153`	`10816`	`0.000001359`	`0.000001513`	`$0.00483`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.000000021`	`7700`	`0.000018015`	`0.000018036`	`$0.05758`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.000000021`	`8732`	`0.000020430`	`0.000020450`	`$0.06529`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.000000015`	`11360`	`0.000026578`	`0.000026594`	`$0.08490`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.000000016`	`10816`	`0.000025305`	`0.000025321`	`$0.08084`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00124`	`$0.01721`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00334`	`$0.01934`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00194`	`$0.02361`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00189`	`$0.02352`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00241`	`$0.03415`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00208`	`$0.02901`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00328`	`$0.04405`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00138`	`$0.01714`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00146`	`$0.01724`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00152`	`$0.01733`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00179`	`$0.02208`
Simple Account	`$0.00151`	`$0.01778`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.000000098`	`2300`	`0.000000289`	`0.000000387`	`$0.00124`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.000000726`	`2556`	`0.000000321`	`0.000001047`	`$0.00334`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.000000210`	`3152`	`0.000000396`	`0.000000607`	`$0.00194`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.000000198`	`3140`	`0.000000395`	`0.000000592`	`$0.00189`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.000000181`	`4564`	`0.000000574`	`0.000000754`	`$0.00241`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.000000164`	`3876`	`0.000000487`	`0.000000651`	`$0.00208`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.000000289`	`5884`	`0.000000739`	`0.000001029`	`$0.00328`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.000000144`	`2288`	`0.000000288`	`0.000000431`	`$0.00138`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.000000170`	`2300`	`0.000000289`	`0.000000459`	`$0.00146`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.000000185`	`2312`	`0.000000291`	`0.000000476`	`$0.00152`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.000000191`	`2948`	`0.000000371`	`0.000000561`	`$0.00179`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.000000174`	`2372`	`0.000000298`	`0.000000472`	`$0.00151`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.000000010`	`2300`	`0.000005381`	`0.000005391`	`$0.01721`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.000000076`	`2556`	`0.000005980`	`0.000006056`	`$0.01934`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.000000022`	`3152`	`0.000007374`	`0.000007397`	`$0.02361`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.000000021`	`3140`	`0.000007346`	`0.000007367`	`$0.02352`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.000000019`	`4564`	`0.000010678`	`0.000010697`	`$0.03415`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.000000017`	`3876`	`0.000009068`	`0.000009086`	`$0.02901`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.000000030`	`5884`	`0.000013766`	`0.000013797`	`$0.04405`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.000000015`	`2288`	`0.000005353`	`0.000005368`	`$0.01714`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.000000018`	`2300`	`0.000005381`	`0.000005399`	`$0.01724`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.000000019`	`2312`	`0.000005409`	`0.000005429`	`$0.01733`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.000000020`	`2948`	`0.000006897`	`0.000006917`	`$0.02208`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.000000018`	`2372`	`0.000005550`	`0.000005568`	`$0.01778`

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00124`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00125`	`$0.02027`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00127`	`$0.02135`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00131`	`$0.02144`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00129`	`$0.02135`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00224`	`$0.03713`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00121`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00121`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00121`	`$0.02018`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00121`	`$0.02027`
Simple Account	`$0.00121`	`$0.02027`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.000000049`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000390`	`$0.00124`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.000000050`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000391`	`$0.00125`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000000040`	`2856`	`0.000000359`	`0.000000399`	`$0.00127`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.000000049`	`2868`	`0.000000360`	`0.000000409`	`$0.00131`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.000000045`	`2856`	`0.000000359`	`0.000000404`	`$0.00129`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.000000076`	`4968`	`0.000000624`	`0.000000700`	`$0.00224`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000380`	`$0.00121`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000380`	`$0.00121`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000000039`	`2700`	`0.000000339`	`0.000000379`	`$0.00121`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000000040`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000381`	`$0.00121`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000341`	`0.000000380`	`$0.00121`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.000000005`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006350`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.000000005`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006350`	`$0.02027`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000000004`	`2856`	`0.000006682`	`0.000006686`	`$0.02135`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.000000005`	`2868`	`0.000006710`	`0.000006715`	`$0.02144`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.000000005`	`2856`	`0.000006682`	`0.000006687`	`$0.02135`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.000000008`	`4968`	`0.000011623`	`0.000011631`	`$0.03713`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000000004`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006349`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000000004`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006349`	`$0.02027`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000000004`	`2700`	`0.000006317`	`0.000006321`	`$0.02018`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000000004`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006349`	`$0.02027`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000000004`	`2712`	`0.000006345`	`0.000006349`	`$0.02027`

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00159`	`$0.02524`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00160`	`$0.02533`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00156`	`$0.02524`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00159`	`$0.02524`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00164`	`$0.02641`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00258`	`$0.04216`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00156`	`$0.02533`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00156`	`$0.02533`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00156`	`$0.02524`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00156`	`$0.02533`
Simple Account	`$0.00156`	`$0.02533`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.000000073`	`3376`	`0.000000424`	`0.000000497`	`$0.00159`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.000000075`	`3388`	`0.000000426`	`0.000000501`	`$0.00160`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.000000063`	`3376`	`0.000000424`	`0.000000488`	`$0.00156`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.000000072`	`3376`	`0.000000424`	`0.000000497`	`$0.00159`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.000000069`	`3532`	`0.000000444`	`0.000000513`	`$0.00164`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.000000100`	`5640`	`0.000000709`	`0.000000809`	`$0.00258`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.000000063`	`3388`	`0.000000426`	`0.000000489`	`$0.00156`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000426`	`0.000000489`	`$0.00156`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.000000063`	`3376`	`0.000000424`	`0.000000488`	`$0.00156`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000426`	`0.000000490`	`$0.00156`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000426`	`0.000000489`	`$0.00156`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.000000008`	`3376`	`0.000007899`	`0.000007906`	`$0.02524`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.000000008`	`3388`	`0.000007927`	`0.000007934`	`$0.02533`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.000000007`	`3376`	`0.000007899`	`0.000007905`	`$0.02524`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.000000008`	`3376`	`0.000007899`	`0.000007906`	`$0.02524`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.000000007`	`3532`	`0.000008264`	`0.000008271`	`$0.02641`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.000000010`	`5640`	`0.000013195`	`0.000013206`	`$0.04216`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.000000007`	`3388`	`0.000007927`	`0.000007933`	`$0.02533`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.000000007`	`3388`	`0.000007927`	`0.000007933`	`$0.02533`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.000000007`	`3376`	`0.000007899`	`0.000007905`	`$0.02524`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.000000007`	`3388`	`0.000007927`	`0.000007933`	`$0.02533`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.000000007`	`3388`	`0.000007927`	`0.000007933`	`$0.02533`

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00238`	`$0.03560`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00238`	`$0.03560`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00234`	`$0.03551`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00237`	`$0.03560`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00242`	`$0.03656`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00330`	`$0.05222`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00234`	`$0.03551`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00234`	`$0.03551`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00234`	`$0.03551`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00235`	`$0.03560`
Simple Account	`$0.00235`	`$0.03560`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.000000146`	`4760`	`0.000000598`	`0.000000744`	`$0.00238`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.000000148`	`4760`	`0.000000598`	`0.000000746`	`$0.00238`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.000000136`	`4748`	`0.000000597`	`0.000000733`	`$0.00234`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.000000145`	`4760`	`0.000000598`	`0.000000744`	`$0.00237`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.000000142`	`4888`	`0.000000614`	`0.000000757`	`$0.00242`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.000000156`	`6984`	`0.000000878`	`0.000001033`	`$0.00330`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.000000136`	`4748`	`0.000000597`	`0.000000733`	`$0.00234`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.000000137`	`4748`	`0.000000597`	`0.000000733`	`$0.00234`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.000000136`	`4748`	`0.000000597`	`0.000000733`	`$0.00234`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.000000137`	`4760`	`0.000000598`	`0.000000736`	`$0.00235`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.000000137`	`4760`	`0.000000598`	`0.000000735`	`$0.00235`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.000000015`	`4760`	`0.000011137`	`0.000011152`	`$0.03560`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.000000016`	`4760`	`0.000011137`	`0.000011152`	`$0.03560`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.000000014`	`4748`	`0.000011108`	`0.000011123`	`$0.03551`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.000000015`	`4760`	`0.000011137`	`0.000011152`	`$0.03560`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.000000015`	`4888`	`0.000011436`	`0.000011451`	`$0.03656`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.000000016`	`6984`	`0.000016340`	`0.000016356`	`$0.05222`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.000000014`	`4748`	`0.000011108`	`0.000011123`	`$0.03551`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.000000014`	`4748`	`0.000011108`	`0.000011123`	`$0.03551`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.000000014`	`4748`	`0.000011108`	`0.000011123`	`$0.03551`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.000000014`	`4760`	`0.000011137`	`0.000011151`	`$0.03560`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.000000014`	`4760`	`0.000011137`	`0.000011151`	`$0.03560`

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⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Zora Mainnet

Run parameters

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)