AA Benchmarks

A comprehensive benchmark for smart contract accounts that support account abstraction (ERC-4337), built on Hardhat for accurate, transaction-based, fee measurements (see Methodology) and for use of existing TypeScript utilities around fee calculations. This work was inspired by ZeroDev's work on aa-benchmark, which is built on Foundry.

Methodology

This tool seeks to measure the cost of the entire transaction landed on-chain for each action, including associated L1 fees. As smart accounts are expected to proliferate on L2s, it's important to consider L1 fees (measured as a function of the RLP-encoded signed transaction and the blob gas market) on top of L2 execution costs. L1 fees can impact the cost of transactions on L2s, so optimizing the size of calldata is important.

The L1 fee calculations are done following the formula and constants specified in Optimism Ecotone.

There are two different categories of benchmarks measured in this test: User Operation and Runtime.

User Operation: Measuring the cost of user operations are tricky because each bundler may calculate pre-verification gas differently and the costs may differ based on the number of user operations in the bundle. In this test, the on-chain cost for a bundler to execute the user operation in a bundle of size 1 is measured, to present a lower-bound fee required for the user operation to land in an exclusive bundle. In other words, fees are calculated based on the transaction receipt and the serialized signed EIP-1559 transaction for entryPoint.handleUserOp([userOp]). As multi-user-op bundles become more prevalent, we can expect actual fees to undercut the data presented here.
Runtime: Runtime transactions are defined as those performed outside of the user operation flow, with the owner key interacting directly with the account factory or account, akin to the way you might use MetaMask today to interact directly with smart contracts. Support for runtime transactions also enable contracts to interact directly with your smart account. For this flow, fees are calculated based on the transaction's receipt and the serialized signed EIP-1559 transaction.

Results

These numbers are derived from local simulations with fixed inputs (see Run benchmark below to try different inputs) and actual on-chain numbers may differ.

⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Optimism Mainnet

Run parameters

Parameter	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Gas price (gwei)	`0.001000555`	`0.060233618`
L1 base fee (gwei)	`1.121228232`	`24.05`
L1 base fee scalar	`5227`	`1368`
Blob base fee (wei)	`7736427`	`46930000000`
Blob base fee scalar	`1014213`	`810949`
ETH price (USD)	`$3192.59`	`-`

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00090`	`$0.10261`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00290`	`$0.22681`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00127`	`$0.13254`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00124`	`$0.13446`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00129`	`$0.14290`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00114`	`$0.12990`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00163`	`$0.17268`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00100`	`$0.10904`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00109`	`$0.11393`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00115`	`$0.11977`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00120`	`$0.13015`
Simple Account	`$0.00110`	`$0.11545`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.000000233`	`7508`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000281`	`$0.00090`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.000000859`	`8020`	`0.000000051`	`0.000000910`	`$0.00290`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.000000343`	`8664`	`0.000000055`	`0.000000398`	`$0.00127`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.000000330`	`9224`	`0.000000059`	`0.000000389`	`$0.00124`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.000000339`	`10108`	`0.000000064`	`0.000000403`	`$0.00129`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.000000296`	`9472`	`0.000000060`	`0.000000357`	`$0.00114`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.000000436`	`11552`	`0.000000073`	`0.000000509`	`$0.00163`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.000000267`	`7496`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000315`	`$0.00100`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.000000293`	`7484`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000341`	`$0.00109`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.000000311`	`7800`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000360`	`$0.00115`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.000000318`	`8964`	`0.000000057`	`0.000000375`	`$0.00120`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.000000298`	`7568`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000346`	`$0.00110`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`233004`	`0.000014035`	`7508`	`0.000018106`	`0.000032140`	`$0.10261`
Alchemy Modular Account	`858351`	`0.000051702`	`8020`	`0.000019340`	`0.000071042`	`$0.22681`
Biconomy Nexus	`342381`	`0.000020623`	`8664`	`0.000020893`	`0.000041516`	`$0.13254`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`329947`	`0.000019874`	`9224`	`0.000022244`	`0.000042118`	`$0.13446`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`338419`	`0.000020384`	`10108`	`0.000024376`	`0.000044760`	`$0.14290`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`296301`	`0.000017847`	`9472`	`0.000022842`	`0.000040689`	`$0.12990`
Safe v1.4.1	`435486`	`0.000026231`	`11552`	`0.000027858`	`0.000054089`	`$0.17268`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`266901`	`0.000016076`	`7496`	`0.000018077`	`0.000034153`	`$0.10904`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`292822`	`0.000017638`	`7484`	`0.000018048`	`0.000035686`	`$0.11393`
Alchemy Light Account	`310532`	`0.000018704`	`7800`	`0.000018810`	`0.000037514`	`$0.11977`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`317904`	`0.000019149`	`8964`	`0.000021617`	`0.000040765`	`$0.13015`
Simple Account	`297367`	`0.000017911`	`7568`	`0.000018250`	`0.000036162`	`$0.11545`

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00065`	`$0.08408`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00067`	`$0.08755`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00067`	`$0.08772`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00068`	`$0.09156`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00076`	`$0.09319`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00067`	`$0.08830`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00071`	`$0.09137`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00062`	`$0.08251`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00062`	`$0.08253`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00064`	`$0.08520`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00066`	`$0.09018`
Simple Account	`$0.00062`	`$0.08242`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.000000159`	`6956`	`0.000000044`	`0.000000203`	`$0.00065`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.000000165`	`7248`	`0.000000046`	`0.000000211`	`$0.00067`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.000000164`	`7288`	`0.000000046`	`0.000000211`	`$0.00067`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.000000162`	`7848`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000212`	`$0.00068`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.000000191`	`7336`	`0.000000047`	`0.000000238`	`$0.00076`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.000000163`	`7388`	`0.000000047`	`0.000000210`	`$0.00067`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.000000177`	`7460`	`0.000000047`	`0.000000224`	`$0.00071`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.000000151`	`6944`	`0.000000044`	`0.000000195`	`$0.00062`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.000000151`	`6944`	`0.000000044`	`0.000000195`	`$0.00062`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.000000153`	`7248`	`0.000000046`	`0.000000199`	`$0.00064`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.000000157`	`7796`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000206`	`$0.00066`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.000000151`	`6932`	`0.000000044`	`0.000000195`	`$0.00062`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`158725`	`0.000009561`	`6956`	`0.000016774`	`0.000026335`	`$0.08408`
Alchemy Modular Account	`165100`	`0.000009945`	`7248`	`0.000017479`	`0.000027423`	`$0.08755`
Biconomy Nexus	`164351`	`0.000009899`	`7288`	`0.000017575`	`0.000027475`	`$0.08772`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`161912`	`0.000009753`	`7848`	`0.000018926`	`0.000028678`	`$0.09156`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`190912`	`0.000011499`	`7336`	`0.000017691`	`0.000029190`	`$0.09319`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163398`	`0.000009842`	`7388`	`0.000017816`	`0.000027658`	`$0.08830`
Safe v1.4.1	`176479`	`0.000010630`	`7460`	`0.000017990`	`0.000028620`	`$0.09137`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`151040`	`0.000009098`	`6944`	`0.000016746`	`0.000025843`	`$0.08251`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`151148`	`0.000009104`	`6944`	`0.000016746`	`0.000025850`	`$0.08253`
Alchemy Light Account	`152880`	`0.000009209`	`7248`	`0.000017479`	`0.000026687`	`$0.08520`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`156812`	`0.000009445`	`7796`	`0.000018800`	`0.000028246`	`$0.09018`
Simple Account	`151045`	`0.000009098`	`6932`	`0.000016717`	`0.000025815`	`$0.08242`

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00074`	`$0.09385`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00077`	`$0.09741`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00076`	`$0.09638`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00077`	`$0.10143`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00085`	`$0.10179`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00076`	`$0.09813`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00081`	`$0.10112`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00071`	`$0.09232`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00071`	`$0.09234`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00073`	`$0.09492`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00075`	`$0.09991`
Simple Account	`$0.00071`	`$0.09234`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.000000183`	`7628`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000231`	`$0.00074`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.000000190`	`7920`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000240`	`$0.00077`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.000000188`	`7820`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000238`	`$0.00076`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.000000186`	`8532`	`0.000000054`	`0.000000240`	`$0.00077`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.000000215`	`7856`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000265`	`$0.00085`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.000000188`	`8060`	`0.000000051`	`0.000000239`	`$0.00076`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.000000201`	`8120`	`0.000000052`	`0.000000252`	`$0.00081`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000224`	`$0.00071`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000224`	`$0.00071`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.000000177`	`7908`	`0.000000050`	`0.000000227`	`$0.00073`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.000000181`	`8456`	`0.000000054`	`0.000000235`	`$0.00075`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.000000175`	`7616`	`0.000000048`	`0.000000224`	`$0.00071`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`182665`	`0.000011003`	`7628`	`0.000018395`	`0.000029398`	`$0.09385`
Alchemy Modular Account	`189487`	`0.000011413`	`7920`	`0.000019099`	`0.000030513`	`$0.09741`
Biconomy Nexus	`188136`	`0.000011332`	`7820`	`0.000018858`	`0.000030190`	`$0.09638`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`185868`	`0.000011196`	`8532`	`0.000020575`	`0.000031771`	`$0.10143`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`214817`	`0.000012939`	`7856`	`0.000018945`	`0.000031884`	`$0.10179`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`187609`	`0.000011300`	`8060`	`0.000019437`	`0.000030737`	`$0.09813`
Safe v1.4.1	`200732`	`0.000012091`	`8120`	`0.000019582`	`0.000031672`	`$0.10112`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`175186`	`0.000010552`	`7616`	`0.000018366`	`0.000028918`	`$0.09232`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`175294`	`0.000010559`	`7616`	`0.000018366`	`0.000028925`	`$0.09234`
Alchemy Light Account	`177013`	`0.000010662`	`7908`	`0.000019070`	`0.000029732`	`$0.09492`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`181014`	`0.000010903`	`8456`	`0.000020392`	`0.000031295`	`$0.09991`
Simple Account	`175283`	`0.000010558`	`7616`	`0.000018366`	`0.000028924`	`$0.09234`

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00083`	`$0.10825`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00086`	`$0.11173`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00085`	`$0.11060`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00086`	`$0.11565`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00094`	`$0.11599`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00085`	`$0.11244`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00090`	`$0.11554`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00080`	`$0.10663`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00080`	`$0.10646`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00082`	`$0.10932`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00084`	`$0.11430`
Simple Account	`$0.00080`	`$0.10673`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.000000202`	`9020`	`0.000000057`	`0.000000259`	`$0.00083`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.000000209`	`9300`	`0.000000059`	`0.000000268`	`$0.00086`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.000000207`	`9188`	`0.000000058`	`0.000000266`	`$0.00085`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.000000205`	`9900`	`0.000000063`	`0.000000268`	`$0.00086`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.000000235`	`9212`	`0.000000059`	`0.000000293`	`$0.00094`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.000000207`	`9428`	`0.000000060`	`0.000000267`	`$0.00085`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.000000221`	`9500`	`0.000000060`	`0.000000281`	`$0.00090`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.000000194`	`8996`	`0.000000057`	`0.000000252`	`$0.00080`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.000000195`	`8972`	`0.000000057`	`0.000000251`	`$0.00080`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.000000196`	`9300`	`0.000000059`	`0.000000255`	`$0.00082`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.000000201`	`9836`	`0.000000062`	`0.000000263`	`$0.00084`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.000000195`	`8996`	`0.000000057`	`0.000000252`	`$0.00080`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`201790`	`0.000012155`	`9020`	`0.000021752`	`0.000033906`	`$0.10825`
Alchemy Modular Account	`208682`	`0.000012570`	`9300`	`0.000022427`	`0.000034997`	`$0.11173`
Biconomy Nexus	`207286`	`0.000012486`	`9188`	`0.000022157`	`0.000034643`	`$0.11060`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`205018`	`0.000012349`	`9900`	`0.000023874`	`0.000036223`	`$0.11565`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`234378`	`0.000014117`	`9212`	`0.000022215`	`0.000036332`	`$0.11599`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`207241`	`0.000012483`	`9428`	`0.000022736`	`0.000035219`	`$0.11244`
Safe v1.4.1	`220464`	`0.000013279`	`9500`	`0.000022909`	`0.000036189`	`$0.11554`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`194311`	`0.000011704`	`8996`	`0.000021694`	`0.000033398`	`$0.10663`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`194407`	`0.000011710`	`8972`	`0.000021636`	`0.000033346`	`$0.10646`
Alchemy Light Account	`196151`	`0.000011815`	`9300`	`0.000022427`	`0.000034242`	`$0.10932`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`200573`	`0.000012081`	`9836`	`0.000023720`	`0.000035801`	`$0.11430`
Simple Account	`194829`	`0.000011735`	`8996`	`0.000021694`	`0.000033429`	`$0.10673`

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00186`	`$0.20104`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00343`	`$0.29783`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00089`	`$0.12249`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00119`	`$0.15393`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.000000495`	`13748`	`0.000000087`	`0.000000583`	`$0.00186`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.000000984`	`14132`	`0.000000090`	`0.000001073`	`$0.00343`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.000000213`	`10600`	`0.000000067`	`0.000000280`	`$0.00089`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.000000293`	`12684`	`0.000000081`	`0.000000373`	`$0.00119`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`495041`	`0.000029818`	`13748`	`0.000033154`	`0.000062972`	`$0.20104`
Alchemy Modular Account	`983001`	`0.000059210`	`14132`	`0.000034080`	`0.000093289`	`$0.29783`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`212577`	`0.000012804`	`10600`	`0.000025562`	`0.000038366`	`$0.12249`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`292655`	`0.000017628`	`12684`	`0.000030588`	`0.000048215`	`$0.15393`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00069`	`$0.08719`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00069`	`$0.09363`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00061`	`$0.10013`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.000000172`	`7028`	`0.000000045`	`0.000000217`	`$0.00069`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.000000164`	`8072`	`0.000000051`	`0.000000215`	`$0.00069`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.000000127`	`9828`	`0.000000062`	`0.000000190`	`$0.00061`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`172036`	`0.000010362`	`7028`	`0.000016948`	`0.000027310`	`$0.08719`
Alchemy Modular Account	`163716`	`0.000009861`	`8072`	`0.000019466`	`0.000029327`	`$0.09363`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`127202`	`0.000007662`	`9828`	`0.000023700`	`0.000031362`	`$0.10013`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00079`	`$0.09722`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00080`	`$0.10472`
Biconomy Nexus	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00070`	`$0.11573`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00071`	`$0.11274`
Safe v1.4.1	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Alchemy Light Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
Simple Account	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.000000197`	`7700`	`0.000000049`	`0.000000246`	`$0.00079`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.000000195`	`8732`	`0.000000055`	`0.000000251`	`$0.00080`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.000000147`	`11360`	`0.000000072`	`0.000000219`	`$0.00070`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.000000153`	`10816`	`0.000000069`	`0.000000222`	`$0.00071`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`197295`	`0.000011884`	`7700`	`0.000018569`	`0.000030452`	`$0.09722`
Alchemy Modular Account	`194942`	`0.000011742`	`8732`	`0.000021057`	`0.000032799`	`$0.10472`
Biconomy Nexus	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`147023`	`0.000008856`	`11360`	`0.000027395`	`0.000036251`	`$0.11573`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`153240`	`0.000009230`	`10816`	`0.000026083`	`0.000035313`	`$0.11274`
Safe v1.4.1	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Alchemy Light Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
Simple Account	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00036`	`$0.03651`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00237`	`$0.15916`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00074`	`$0.06471`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`$0.00069`	`$0.06215`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00067`	`$0.06984`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00060`	`$0.06136`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00104`	`$0.10092`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00051`	`$0.04528`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00059`	`$0.05033`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00064`	`$0.05343`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00067`	`$0.05933`
Simple Account	`$0.00060`	`$0.05176`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.000000098`	`2300`	`0.000000015`	`0.000000112`	`$0.00036`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.000000726`	`2556`	`0.000000016`	`0.000000742`	`$0.00237`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.000000210`	`3152`	`0.000000020`	`0.000000230`	`$0.00074`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.000000198`	`3140`	`0.000000020`	`0.000000218`	`$0.00069`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.000000181`	`4564`	`0.000000029`	`0.000000210`	`$0.00067`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.000000164`	`3876`	`0.000000025`	`0.000000189`	`$0.00060`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.000000289`	`5884`	`0.000000037`	`0.000000327`	`$0.00104`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.000000144`	`2288`	`0.000000015`	`0.000000158`	`$0.00051`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.000000170`	`2300`	`0.000000015`	`0.000000184`	`$0.00059`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.000000185`	`2312`	`0.000000015`	`0.000000200`	`$0.00064`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.000000191`	`2948`	`0.000000019`	`0.000000209`	`$0.00067`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.000000174`	`2372`	`0.000000015`	`0.000000189`	`$0.00060`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`97772`	`0.000005889`	`2300`	`0.000005546`	`0.000011436`	`$0.03651`
Alchemy Modular Account	`725323`	`0.000043689`	`2556`	`0.000006164`	`0.000049853`	`$0.15916`
Biconomy Nexus	`210309`	`0.000012668`	`3152`	`0.000007601`	`0.000020269`	`$0.06471`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`197473`	`0.000011895`	`3140`	`0.000007572`	`0.000019467`	`$0.06215`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`180465`	`0.000010870`	`4564`	`0.000011006`	`0.000021876`	`$0.06984`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`163890`	`0.000009872`	`3876`	`0.000009347`	`0.000019219`	`$0.06136`
Safe v1.4.1	`289207`	`0.000017420`	`5884`	`0.000014189`	`0.000031609`	`$0.10092`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`143842`	`0.000008664`	`2288`	`0.000005518`	`0.000014182`	`$0.04528`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`169655`	`0.000010219`	`2300`	`0.000005546`	`0.000015765`	`$0.05033`
Alchemy Light Account	`185267`	`0.000011159`	`2312`	`0.000005575`	`0.000016735`	`$0.05343`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`190525`	`0.000011476`	`2948`	`0.000007109`	`0.000018585`	`$0.05933`
Simple Account	`174219`	`0.000010494`	`2372`	`0.000005720`	`0.000016214`	`$0.05176`

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00021`	`$0.03031`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00022`	`$0.03057`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00018`	`$0.02962`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00021`	`$0.03143`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00020`	`$0.03071`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00034`	`$0.05283`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00018`	`$0.02845`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00018`	`$0.02847`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00018`	`$0.02836`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00018`	`$0.02851`
Simple Account	`$0.00018`	`$0.02845`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.000000049`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000066`	`$0.00021`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.000000050`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000068`	`$0.00022`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000000040`	`2856`	`0.000000018`	`0.000000058`	`$0.00018`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.000000049`	`2868`	`0.000000018`	`0.000000067`	`$0.00021`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.000000045`	`2856`	`0.000000018`	`0.000000064`	`$0.00020`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.000000076`	`4968`	`0.000000032`	`0.000000107`	`$0.00034`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000057`	`$0.00018`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000057`	`$0.00018`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000000039`	`2700`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000057`	`$0.00018`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000000040`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000057`	`$0.00018`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000000039`	`2712`	`0.000000017`	`0.000000057`	`$0.00018`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`49021`	`0.000002953`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000009493`	`$0.03031`
Alchemy Modular Account	`50408`	`0.000003036`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000009576`	`$0.03057`
Biconomy Nexus	`39685`	`0.000002390`	`2856`	`0.000006887`	`0.000009278`	`$0.02962`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`48615`	`0.000002928`	`2868`	`0.000006916`	`0.000009844`	`$0.03143`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`45364`	`0.000002732`	`2856`	`0.000006887`	`0.000009620`	`$0.03071`
Safe v1.4.1	`75840`	`0.000004568`	`4968`	`0.000011980`	`0.000016549`	`$0.05283`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`39368`	`0.000002371`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000008911`	`$0.02845`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`39463`	`0.000002377`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000008917`	`$0.02847`
Alchemy Light Account	`39396`	`0.000002373`	`2700`	`0.000006511`	`0.000008884`	`$0.02836`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`39681`	`0.000002390`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000008930`	`$0.02851`
Simple Account	`39381`	`0.000002372`	`2712`	`0.000006540`	`0.000008912`	`$0.02845`

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00030`	`$0.04002`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00031`	`$0.04045`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00027`	`$0.03818`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00030`	`$0.03990`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00029`	`$0.04051`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00043`	`$0.06260`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00027`	`$0.03828`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00027`	`$0.03830`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00027`	`$0.03819`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00027`	`$0.03835`
Simple Account	`$0.00027`	`$0.03830`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.000000073`	`3376`	`0.000000021`	`0.000000094`	`$0.00030`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.000000075`	`3388`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000096`	`$0.00031`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.000000063`	`3376`	`0.000000021`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.000000072`	`3376`	`0.000000021`	`0.000000094`	`$0.00030`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.000000069`	`3532`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000092`	`$0.00029`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.000000100`	`5640`	`0.000000036`	`0.000000136`	`$0.00043`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.000000063`	`3388`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.000000063`	`3376`	`0.000000021`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.000000064`	`3388`	`0.000000022`	`0.000000085`	`$0.00027`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`72946`	`0.000004394`	`3376`	`0.000008141`	`0.000012535`	`$0.04002`
Alchemy Modular Account	`74693`	`0.000004499`	`3388`	`0.000008170`	`0.000012669`	`$0.04045`
Biconomy Nexus	`63384`	`0.000003818`	`3376`	`0.000008141`	`0.000011959`	`$0.03818`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`72317`	`0.000004356`	`3376`	`0.000008141`	`0.000012497`	`$0.03990`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`69230`	`0.000004170`	`3532`	`0.000008517`	`0.000012687`	`$0.04051`
Safe v1.4.1	`99715`	`0.000006006`	`5640`	`0.000013601`	`0.000019607`	`$0.06260`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`63410`	`0.000003819`	`3388`	`0.000008170`	`0.000011990`	`$0.03828`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`63505`	`0.000003825`	`3388`	`0.000008170`	`0.000011995`	`$0.03830`
Alchemy Light Account	`63438`	`0.000003821`	`3376`	`0.000008141`	`0.000011962`	`$0.03819`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`63803`	`0.000003843`	`3388`	`0.000008170`	`0.000012013`	`$0.03835`
Simple Account	`63503`	`0.000003825`	`3388`	`0.000008170`	`0.000011995`	`$0.03830`

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

	2025-01-30 (latest)	2024-03-31 (high blob fees)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`$0.00056`	`$0.06471`
Alchemy Modular Account	`$0.00057`	`$0.06507`
Biconomy Nexus	`$0.00053`	`$0.06279`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`Unsupported`	`Unsupported`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`$0.00056`	`$0.06460`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`$0.00055`	`$0.06499`
Safe v1.4.1	`$0.00064`	`$0.08371`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`$0.00053`	`$0.06279`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`$0.00053`	`$0.06281`
Alchemy Light Account	`$0.00053`	`$0.06280`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`$0.00053`	`$0.06304`
Simple Account	`$0.00053`	`$0.06298`

Details

2025-01-30 (latest)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.000000146`	`4760`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000176`	`$0.00056`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.000000148`	`4760`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000178`	`$0.00057`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.000000136`	`4748`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000167`	`$0.00053`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.000000145`	`4760`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000176`	`$0.00056`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.000000142`	`4888`	`0.000000031`	`0.000000173`	`$0.00055`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.000000156`	`6984`	`0.000000044`	`0.000000200`	`$0.00064`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.000000137`	`4748`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000167`	`$0.00053`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.000000137`	`4748`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000167`	`$0.00053`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.000000137`	`4748`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000167`	`$0.00053`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.000000137`	`4760`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000168`	`$0.00053`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.000000137`	`4760`	`0.000000030`	`0.000000167`	`$0.00053`

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

	Execution gas	Execution fee (ETH)	L1 gas	L1 fee (ETH)	Total fee (ETH)	Total fee (USD)
Alchemy Modular Account v2	`145956`	`0.000008791`	`4760`	`0.000011479`	`0.000020270`	`$0.06471`
Alchemy Modular Account	`147781`	`0.000008901`	`4760`	`0.000011479`	`0.000020380`	`$0.06507`
Biconomy Nexus	`136403`	`0.000008216`	`4748`	`0.000011450`	`0.000019666`	`$0.06279`
Biconomy Smart Account v2	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
ZeroDev Kernel v3.1	`145355`	`0.000008755`	`4760`	`0.000011479`	`0.000020234`	`$0.06460`
ZeroDev Kernel v2.1	`142287`	`0.000008570`	`4888`	`0.000011787`	`0.000020358`	`$0.06499`
Safe v1.4.1	`155690`	`0.000009378`	`6984`	`0.000016842`	`0.000026220`	`$0.08371`
Alchemy Light Account v2	`136429`	`0.000008218`	`4748`	`0.000011450`	`0.000019667`	`$0.06279`
Alchemy Light Account v2 (Multi-Owner)	`136524`	`0.000008223`	`4748`	`0.000011450`	`0.000019673`	`$0.06281`
Alchemy Light Account	`136457`	`0.000008219`	`4748`	`0.000011450`	`0.000019669`	`$0.06280`
Coinbase Smart Wallet	`137243`	`0.000008267`	`4760`	`0.000011479`	`0.000019745`	`$0.06304`
Simple Account	`136943`	`0.000008249`	`4760`	`0.000011479`	`0.000019727`	`$0.06298`

Run benchmark

Copy .env.sample to .env and update the values within .env:

cp .env.sample .env

Test running the benchmarks over the supported accounts and see the results in your terminal:

pnpm benchmark

Run the benchmarks and update this file with the new results:

pnpm benchmark:write

Contributing

To add a new smart account to this repo, follow the steps below.

Fork this repo.
Add the account's artifacts under test/artifacts.
Implement the account's fixture and export an object matching the AccountConfig interface. Add this file under test/accounts.
Add your account under test/accounts.ts to include your account in the benchmarks.
Generate the results and write to the README by running pnpm benchmark:write.
Open a PR against this repo.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 81 Commits
.husky		.husky
.vscode		.vscode
artifacts		artifacts
benchmarks		benchmarks
scripts		scripts
test		test
.env.sample		.env.sample
.gitignore		.gitignore
.prettierignore		.prettierignore
.prettierrc.json		.prettierrc.json
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
hardhat.config.ts		hardhat.config.ts
package.json		package.json
pnpm-lock.yaml		pnpm-lock.yaml
settings.ts		settings.ts
tsconfig.json		tsconfig.json

License

alchemyplatform/aa-benchmarks

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AA Benchmarks

Methodology

Results

⛽️ Benchmarks for other networks

Optimism Mainnet

Run parameters

User Operation: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

User Operation: Session key ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Account creation

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Native transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: ERC-20 transfer

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Runtime: Uniswap V3 ERC-20 swap

Total fee (USD)

2025-01-30 (latest)

2024-03-31 (high blob fees)

Run benchmark

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