Merge pull request #1568 from mahaveergurjar/Classes-in-C#

Classes in C#

docs/languages/csharp/csharp-7.md

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+---
+id: classes-in-csharp
+sidebar_position: 7
+title: "Classes in C#"
+sidebar_label: "Classes in C#"
+---
+
+# Classes in C#
+
+In C#, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties, methods, and events that represent the characteristics and behaviors of an object.
+
+---
+
+## 1. What is a Class?
+
+A class in C# defines the structure and behavior of objects. It includes fields, properties, methods, and constructors.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Car {
+    public string color = "red";
+    public void Drive() {
+        Console.WriteLine("The car is driving.");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This example defines a class `Car` with a property `color` and a method `Drive`.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Defining a Class
+
+In C#, classes are defined using the `class` keyword.
+
+### Syntax:
+
+```csharp
+public class ClassName {
+    // fields, properties, methods, and constructors
+}
+```
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Person {
+    public string Name;
+    public int Age;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Fields in Classes
+
+Fields are variables that hold data related to an object. They are typically private but can be public as well.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Person {
+    public string Name; // Field
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Properties
+
+Properties provide controlled access to fields and use `get` and `set` accessors.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Person {
+    private string name;
+
+    public string Name {
+        get { return name; }
+        set { name = value; }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Methods in Classes
+
+Methods define actions that an object can perform.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Car {
+    public void Drive() {
+        Console.WriteLine("The car is driving.");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Constructors
+
+Constructors initialize an object when it is created.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Person {
+    public string Name;
+
+    public Person(string name) {
+        Name = name; // Constructor initializes the Name property
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Access Modifiers
+
+Access modifiers control the visibility of class members (`public`, `private`, `protected`).
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public class Car {
+    private string color; // Private member
+    public void SetColor(string c) {
+        color = c; // Public method to set color
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. Static Classes and Members
+
+Static classes cannot be instantiated, and static members belong to the class itself rather than an instance.
+
+### Example:
+
+```csharp
+public static class Utility {
+    public static void PrintMessage(string message) {
+        Console.WriteLine(message);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+Classes are essential for object-oriented programming in C#. They provide a way to organize data and behaviors in your programs, making them more modular and maintainable.
+
+Happy coding!