diff --git a/tests/programs/specializations.vi b/tests/programs/specializations.vi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc4e051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/programs/specializations.vi
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+use std::tuple::Pair;
+
+pub fn main(&io: &IO) {
+  io.println([1, 2, 3, 4].to_string[; N32::to_string]());
+  io.println(["abc", "def", "ghi"].to_string[; String::to_string]());
+  io.println(['x', 'y', 'z'].to_string[; Char::to_string]());
+  io.println([true, false].to_string[; Bool::to_string]());
+  io.println([(1, 'a'), (2, 'b')].to_string[; Pair::to_string[; N32::to_string, Char::to_string]]());
+}
diff --git a/vine/examples/sub_min.vi b/vine/examples/sub_min.vi
index 17b7ca2..37e4abb 100644
--- a/vine/examples/sub_min.vi
+++ b/vine/examples/sub_min.vi
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 pub fn main(&io: &IO) {
   let list = [4, 3, 7, 9];
   sub_min(&list);
-  io.println(list.to_string[;N32::to_string]());
+  io.println(list.to_string[; N32::to_string]());
 }
 
 pub fn sub_min(&list: &List[N32]) {
diff --git a/vine/src/checker/typeof_def.rs b/vine/src/checker/typeof_def.rs
index d60991c..63099af 100644
--- a/vine/src/checker/typeof_def.rs
+++ b/vine/src/checker/typeof_def.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,6 @@ impl<'core> Checker<'core, '_> {
     if path.generics.as_ref().is_some_and(|g| !g.impls.is_empty()) {
       self.core.report(Diag::UnexpectedImplArgs { span });
     }
-    // dbg!(&path);
     let def_id = path.path.resolved.unwrap();
     let def = &self.resolver.defs[def_id];
     let Some(type_def) = &def.type_def else {
diff --git a/vine/src/emitter.rs b/vine/src/emitter.rs
index 9a9e816..4969d6b 100644
--- a/vine/src/emitter.rs
+++ b/vine/src/emitter.rs
@@ -309,8 +309,9 @@ impl<'core, 'a> VirEmitter<'core, 'a> {
       Port::Wire(w) => Tree::Var(format!("w{}", wire_offset + w.0)),
       Port::Const(def) => Tree::Global(resolver.defs[*def].canonical.to_string()),
       Port::Rel(rel) => {
-        let (def, spec) = spec.rels[*rel];
-        Tree::Global(format!("{}::{}", resolver.defs[def].canonical, spec.0))
+        let (def, spec, singular) = spec.rels[*rel];
+        let path = &resolver.defs[def].canonical;
+        Tree::Global(if singular { path.to_string() } else { format!("{}::{}", path, spec.0) })
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/vine/src/resolver/resolve_defs.rs b/vine/src/resolver/resolve_defs.rs
index 377093f..ff62c08 100644
--- a/vine/src/resolver/resolve_defs.rs
+++ b/vine/src/resolver/resolve_defs.rs
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ impl<'core> VisitMut<'core, '_> for ResolveVisitor<'core, '_> {
     self._visit_type(ty);
   }
 
-  fn _visit_impl(&mut self, impl_: &mut Impl<'core>) {
+  fn visit_impl(&mut self, impl_: &mut Impl<'core>) {
     if let ImplKind::Path(path) = &mut impl_.kind {
       if path.generics.is_none() {
         if let Some(ident) = path.path.as_ident() {
@@ -383,6 +383,7 @@ impl<'core> VisitMut<'core, '_> for ResolveVisitor<'core, '_> {
         impl_.kind = ImplKind::Error(self.resolver.core.report(diag));
       }
     }
+    self._visit_impl(impl_);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/vine/src/specializer.rs b/vine/src/specializer.rs
index c7366e8..6e02303 100644
--- a/vine/src/specializer.rs
+++ b/vine/src/specializer.rs
@@ -28,18 +28,15 @@ impl<'core, 'a> Specializer<'core, 'a> {
   fn initialize(&mut self) {
     for def_id in self.resolver.defs.keys() {
       let def = &mut self.resolver.defs[def_id];
-      let def_info = if let Some(mut value) = def.value_def.take() {
-        let impl_params = value.impl_params.len();
+      let def_info = if let Some(mut value_def) = def.value_def.take() {
+        let impl_params = value_def.impl_params.len();
         let mut extractor = RelExtractor { rels: IdxVec::new(), resolver: self.resolver };
-        if let ValueDefKind::Expr(expr) = &mut value.kind {
+        if let ValueDefKind::Expr(expr) = &mut value_def.kind {
           extractor.visit_expr(expr);
         }
-        DefInfo {
-          impl_params,
-          rels: extractor.rels,
-          specs_lookup: HashMap::new(),
-          specs: IdxVec::new(),
-        }
+        let rels = extractor.rels;
+        self.resolver.defs[def_id].value_def = Some(value_def);
+        DefInfo { impl_params, rels, specs_lookup: HashMap::new(), specs: IdxVec::new() }
       } else {
         DefInfo::default()
       };
@@ -68,11 +65,10 @@ impl<'core, 'a> Specializer<'core, 'a> {
     let mut spec = Spec::default();
     for rel_id in def.rels.keys() {
       let rel = &self.defs[def_id].rels[rel_id];
-      spec.rels.push(match rel {
-        Rel::Def(rel_def_id, impls) => (
-          *rel_def_id,
-          self.specialize(*rel_def_id, impls.iter().map(|x| instantiate(x, &impl_args)).collect()),
-        ),
+      let (rel_def_id, rel_impl_args) = match rel {
+        Rel::Def(rel_def_id, impls) => {
+          (*rel_def_id, impls.iter().map(|x| instantiate(x, &impl_args)).collect())
+        }
         Rel::Subitem(impl_, name) => {
           let impl_ = instantiate(impl_, &impl_args);
           let subitem_id = self.resolver.defs[impl_.0]
@@ -84,9 +80,12 @@ impl<'core, 'a> Specializer<'core, 'a> {
             .find(|(_, n, _)| n == name)
             .unwrap()
             .2;
-          (subitem_id, self.specialize(subitem_id, impl_.1))
+          (subitem_id, impl_.1)
         }
-      });
+      };
+      let singular = rel_impl_args.is_empty();
+      let rel_spec_id = self.specialize(rel_def_id, rel_impl_args);
+      spec.rels.push((rel_def_id, rel_spec_id, singular));
     }
     self.defs[def_id].specs[spec_id] = Some(spec);
     spec_id
@@ -117,6 +116,7 @@ impl<'core> VisitMut<'core, '_> for RelExtractor<'core, '_> {
         }
       }
     }
+    self._visit_expr(expr);
   }
 }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ new_idx!(pub ImplId);
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Spec {
   pub singular: bool,
-  pub rels: IdxVec<RelId, (DefId, SpecId)>,
+  pub rels: IdxVec<RelId, (DefId, SpecId, bool)>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]