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Migration from MMSegmentation 0.x

Introduction

This guide describes the fundamental differences between MMSegmentation 0.x and MMSegmentation 1.x in terms of behaviors and the APIs, and how these all relate to your migration journey.

New dependencies

MMSegmentation 1.x depends on some new packages, you can prepare a new clean environment and install again according to the installation tutorial.

Or install the below packages manually.

  1. MMEngine: MMEngine is the core the OpenMMLab 2.0 architecture, and we splited many compentents unrelated to computer vision from MMCV to MMEngine.

  2. MMCV: The computer vision package of OpenMMLab. This is not a new dependency, but you need to upgrade it to 2.0.0 version or above.

  3. MMClassification(Optional): The image classification toolbox and benchmark of OpenMMLab. This is not a new dependency, but you need to upgrade it to 1.0.0rc6 version.

  4. MMDetection(Optional): The object detection toolbox and benchmark of OpenMMLab. This is not a new dependency, but you need to upgrade it to 3.0.0 version or above.

Train launch

The main improvement of OpenMMLab 2.0 is releasing MMEngine which provides universal and powerful runner for unified interfaces to launch training jobs.

Compared with MMSeg0.x, MMSeg1.x provides fewer command line arguments in tools/train.py

Function Original New
Loading pre-trained checkpoint --load_from=$CHECKPOINT --cfg-options load_from=$CHECKPOINT
Resuming Train from specific checkpoint --resume-from=$CHECKPOINT --resume=$CHECKPOINT
Resuming Train from the latest checkpoint --auto-resume --resume='auto'
Whether not to evaluate the checkpoint during training --no-validate --cfg-options val_cfg=None val_dataloader=None val_evaluator=None
Training device assignment --gpu-id=$DEVICE_ID -
Whether or not set different seeds for different ranks --diff-seed --cfg-options randomness.diff_rank_seed=True
Whether to set deterministic options for CUDNN backend --deterministic --cfg-options randomness.deterministic=True

Test launch

Similar to training launch, there are only common arguments in tools/test.py of MMSegmentation 1.x. Below is the difference in test scripts, please refer to this documentation for more details about test launch.

Function 0.x 1.x
Evaluation metrics --eval mIoU --cfg-options test_evaluator.type=IoUMetric
Whether to use test time augmentation --aug-test --tta
Whether save the output results without perform evaluation --format-only --cfg-options test_evaluator.format_only=True

Configuration file

Model settings

No changes in model.backbone, model.neck, model.decode_head and model.losses fields.

Add model.data_preprocessor field to configure the DataPreProcessor, including:

  • mean (Sequence, optional): The pixel mean of R, G, B channels. Defaults to None.

  • std (Sequence, optional): The pixel standard deviation of R, G, B channels. Defaults to None.

  • size (Sequence, optional): Fixed padding size.

  • size_divisor (int, optional): The divisor of padded size.

  • seg_pad_val (float, optional): Padding value of segmentation map. Default: 255.

  • padding_mode (str): Type of padding. Default: 'constant'.

    • constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with pad_val.

  • bgr_to_rgb (bool): whether to convert image from BGR to RGB.Defaults to False.

  • rgb_to_bgr (bool): whether to convert image from RGB to BGR. Defaults to False.

Note: Please refer models documentation for more details.

Dataset settings

Changes in data:

The original data field is split to train_dataloader, val_dataloader and test_dataloader. This allows us to configure them in fine-grained. For example, you can specify different sampler and batch size during training and test. The samples_per_gpu is renamed to batch_size. The workers_per_gpu is renamed to num_workers.

Original 
data = dict(
    samples_per_gpu=4,
    workers_per_gpu=4,
    train=dict(...),
    val=dict(...),
    test=dict(...),
)
New 
train_dataloader = dict(
    batch_size=4,
    num_workers=4,
    dataset=dict(...),
    sampler=dict(type='DefaultSampler', shuffle=True)  # necessary
)

val_dataloader = dict(
    batch_size=4,
    num_workers=4,
    dataset=dict(...),
    sampler=dict(type='DefaultSampler', shuffle=False)  # necessary
)

test_dataloader = val_dataloader

Changes in pipeline

  • The original formatting transforms ToTensor、ImageToTensor、Collect are combined as PackSegInputs
  • We don't recommend to do Normalize and Pad in the dataset pipeline. Please remove it from pipelines and set it in the data_preprocessor field.
  • The original Resize in MMSeg 1.x has been changed to RandomResize and the input arguments img_scale is renamed to scale, and the default value of keep_ratio is modified to False.
  • The original test_pipeline combines single-scale test and multi-scale test together, in MMSeg 1.x we separate it into test_pipeline and tta_pipeline.

Note: We move some work of data transforms to the data preprocessor, like normalization, see the documentation for more details.

train_pipeline

Original 
train_pipeline = [
    dict(type='LoadImageFromFile'),
    dict(type='LoadAnnotations', reduce_zero_label=True),
    dict(type='Resize', img_scale=(2560, 640), ratio_range=(0.5, 2.0)),
    dict(type='RandomCrop', crop_size=crop_size, cat_max_ratio=0.75),
    dict(type='RandomFlip', prob=0.5),
    dict(type='PhotoMetricDistortion'),
    dict(type='Normalize', **img_norm_cfg),
    dict(type='Pad', size=crop_size, pad_val=0, seg_pad_val=255),
    dict(type='DefaultFormatBundle'),
    dict(type='Collect', keys=['img', 'gt_semantic_seg']),
]
New 
train_pipeline = [
    dict(type='LoadImageFromFile'),
    dict(type='LoadAnnotations', reduce_zero_label=True),
    dict(
        type='RandomResize',
        scale=(2560, 640),
        ratio_range=(0.5, 2.0),
        keep_ratio=True),
    dict(type='RandomCrop', crop_size=crop_size, cat_max_ratio=0.75),
    dict(type='RandomFlip', prob=0.5),
    dict(type='PhotoMetricDistortion'),
    dict(type='PackSegInputs')
]

test_pipeline

Original 
test_pipeline = [
    dict(type='LoadImageFromFile'),
    dict(
        type='MultiScaleFlipAug',
        img_scale=(2560, 640),
        # img_ratios=[0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75],
        flip=False,
        transforms=[
            dict(type='Resize', keep_ratio=True),
            dict(type='RandomFlip'),
            dict(type='Normalize', **img_norm_cfg),
            dict(type='ImageToTensor', keys=['img']),
            dict(type='Collect', keys=['img']),
        ])
]
New 
test_pipeline = [
    dict(type='LoadImageFromFile'),
    dict(type='Resize', scale=(2560, 640), keep_ratio=True),
    dict(type='LoadAnnotations', reduce_zero_label=True),
    dict(type='PackSegInputs')
]
img_ratios = [0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75]
tta_pipeline = [
    dict(type='LoadImageFromFile', backend_args=None),
    dict(
        type='TestTimeAug',
        transforms=[
            [
                dict(type='Resize', scale_factor=r, keep_ratio=True)
                for r in img_ratios
            ],
            [
                dict(type='RandomFlip', prob=0., direction='horizontal'),
                dict(type='RandomFlip', prob=1., direction='horizontal')
            ], [dict(type='LoadAnnotations')], [dict(type='PackSegInputs')]
        ])
]

Changes in evaluation:

  • The evaluation field is split to val_evaluator and test_evaluator. And it won't support interval and save_best arguments. The interval is moved to train_cfg.val_interval, and the save_best is moved to default_hooks.checkpoint.save_best. pre_eval has been removed.
  • 'mIoU' has been changed to 'IoUMetric'.
Original 
evaluation = dict(interval=2000, metric='mIoU', pre_eval=True)
New 
val_evaluator = dict(type='IoUMetric', iou_metrics=['mIoU'])
test_evaluator = val_evaluator

Optimizer and Schedule settings

Changes in optimizer and optimizer_config:

  • Now we use optim_wrapper field to specify all configuration about the optimization process. And the optimizer is a sub field of optim_wrapper now.
  • paramwise_cfg is also a sub field of optim_wrapper, instead of optimizer.
  • optimizer_config is removed now, and all configurations of it are moved to optim_wrapper.
  • grad_clip is renamed to clip_grad.
Original 
optimizer = dict(type='AdamW', lr=0.0001, weight_decay=0.0005)
optimizer_config = dict(grad_clip=dict(max_norm=1, norm_type=2))
New 
optim_wrapper = dict(
    type='OptimWrapper',
    optimizer=dict(type='AdamW', lr=0.0001, weight_decay=0.0005),
    clip_grad=dict(max_norm=1, norm_type=2))

Changes in lr_config:

  • The lr_config field is removed and we use new param_scheduler to replace it.
  • The warmup related arguments are removed, since we use schedulers combination to implement this functionality.

The new schedulers combination mechanism is very flexible, and you can use it to design many kinds of learning rate / momentum curves. See the tutorial for more details.

Original 
lr_config = dict(
    policy='poly',
    warmup='linear',
    warmup_iters=1500,
    warmup_ratio=1e-6,
    power=1.0,
    min_lr=0.0,
    by_epoch=False)
New 
param_scheduler = [
    dict(
        type='LinearLR', start_factor=1e-6, by_epoch=False, begin=0, end=1500),
    dict(
        type='PolyLR',
        power=1.0,
        begin=1500,
        end=160000,
        eta_min=0.0,
        by_epoch=False,
    )
]

Changes in runner:

Most configuration in the original runner field is moved to train_cfg, val_cfg and test_cfg, which configure the loop in training, validation and test.

Original 
runner = dict(type='IterBasedRunner', max_iters=20000)
New 
# The `val_interval` is the original `evaluation.interval`.
train_cfg = dict(type='IterBasedTrainLoop', max_iters=20000, val_interval=2000)
val_cfg = dict(type='ValLoop') # Use the default validation loop.
test_cfg = dict(type='TestLoop') # Use the default test loop.

In fact, in OpenMMLab 2.0, we introduced Loop to control the behaviors in training, validation and test. The functionalities of Runner are also changed. You can find more details of runner tutorial in MMEngine.

Runtime settings

Changes in checkpoint_config and log_config:

The checkpoint_config are moved to default_hooks.checkpoint and the log_config are moved to default_hooks.logger. And we move many hooks settings from the script code to the default_hooks field in the runtime configuration.

default_hooks = dict(
    # record the time of every iterations.
    timer=dict(type='IterTimerHook'),

    # print log every 50 iterations.
    logger=dict(type='LoggerHook', interval=50, log_metric_by_epoch=False),

    # enable the parameter scheduler.
    param_scheduler=dict(type='ParamSchedulerHook'),

    # save checkpoint every 2000 iterations.
    checkpoint=dict(type='CheckpointHook', by_epoch=False, interval=2000),

    # set sampler seed in distributed environment.
    sampler_seed=dict(type='DistSamplerSeedHook'),

    # validation results visualization.
    visualization=dict(type='SegVisualizationHook'))

In addition, we split the original logger to logger and visualizer. The logger is used to record information and the visualizer is used to show the logger in different backends, like terminal and TensorBoard.

Original 
log_config = dict(
    interval=100,
    hooks=[
        dict(type='TextLoggerHook'),
        dict(type='TensorboardLoggerHook'),
    ])
New 
default_hooks = dict(
    ...
    logger=dict(type='LoggerHook', interval=100),
)
vis_backends = [dict(type='LocalVisBackend'),
                dict(type='TensorboardVisBackend')]
visualizer = dict(
    type='SegLocalVisualizer', vis_backends=vis_backends, name='visualizer')

Changes in load_from and resume_from:

  • The resume_from is removed. And we use resume and load_from to replace it.
    • If resume=True and load_from is not None, resume training from the checkpoint in load_from.
    • If resume=True and load_from is None, try to resume from the latest checkpoint in the work directory.
    • If resume=False and load_from is not None, only load the checkpoint, not resume training.
    • If resume=False and load_from is None, do not load nor resume.

Changes in dist_params: The dist_params field is a sub field of env_cfg now. And there are some new configurations in the env_cfg.

env_cfg = dict(
    # whether to enable cudnn benchmark
    cudnn_benchmark=False,

    # set multi process parameters
    mp_cfg=dict(mp_start_method='fork', opencv_num_threads=0),

    # set distributed parameters
    dist_cfg=dict(backend='nccl'),
)

Changes in workflow: workflow related functionalities are removed.

New field visualizer: The visualizer is a new design in OpenMMLab 2.0 architecture. We use a visualizer instance in the runner to handle results & log visualization and save to different backends. See the visualization tutorial for more details.

New field default_scope: The start point to search module for all registries. The default_scope in MMSegmentation is mmseg. See the registry tutorial for more details.