This repository contains a bootloader, derived from Atmel's SAM-BA, which in addition to the USB CDC (serial) protocol, also supports the USB MSC (mass storage).
UF2 (USB Flashing Format) is a name of a file format, developed by Microsoft, that is particularly suitable for flashing devices over MSC devices. The file consists of 512 byte blocks, each of which is self-contained and independent of others.
Each 512 byte block consist of (see uf2format.h for details):
- magic numbers at the beginning and at the end
- address where the data should be flashed
- size of data
- data (up to 476 bytes; for SAMD it's 256 bytes so it's easy to flash in one go)
Thus, it's really easy for the microcontroller to recognize a block of a UF2 file is written and immediately write it to flash.
- UF2 specification repo: https://github.com/Microsoft/uf2
- #DeskOfLadyada UF24U ! LIVE @adafruit #adafruit #programming
- USB CDC (Serial emulation) monitor mode compatible with Arduino (including XYZ commands) and BOSSA flashing tool
- USB MSC interface for writing UF2 files
- reading of the contests of the flash as an UF2 file via USB MSC
- UART Serial (real serial wire) monitor mode (typically disabled due to space constraints)
- In-memory logging for debugging - use the
logstarget to extract the logs usingopenocd - double-tap reset to stay in the bootloader mode
- automatic reset after UF2 file is written
Configuration files for board foo are in boards/foo/board_config.h and board.mk. You can
build it with make BOARD=foo. You can also create Makefile.user file with BOARD=foo
to change the default.
The board configuration specifies the USB vendor/product name and ID, as well as the volume label (main thing that the operating systems show).
There is also BOARD_ID, which is meant to be machine-readable and specific
to a given version of board hardware. The programming environment might use
this to suggest packages to be imported (i.e., a package for a particular
external flash chip, SD card etc.).
These configuration values can be read from INFO_UF2.TXT file.
Presence of this file can be tested to see if the board supports UF2 flashing,
while contest, particularly Board-ID field, can be used for feature detection.
The current flash contents of the board is exposed as CURRENT.UF2 file.
This file includes the bootloader address space. The last word of bootloader
space points to the string holding the INFO_UF2.TXT file, so it can be parsed
by a programming environment to determine which board does the .UF2 file comes from.
When the user space application implements the USB MSC protocol, it's possible to handover execution to the bootloader in the middle of MSC file transfer, when the application detects that a UF2 block is written.
Details are being finalized.
The bootloader will never write to its own flash area directly. However, the user code can write there. Thus, to update the bootloader, one can ship a user-space program, that contains the new version of the bootloader and copies it to the appropriate place in flash.
Such a program is generated during build in files update-bootloader*.uf2.
If you're already running UF2 bootloader, the easiest way to update
it, is to just copy this file to the exposed MSD drive.
makeand an Unix environmentarm-none-eabi-gccin the path (the one coming with Yotta will do just fine). You can get the latest version from ARM: https://developer.arm.com/open-source/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloadsopenocd- you can use the one coming with Arduino (after your install the M0 board support)
Atmel Studio is not supported.
You will need a board with openocd support.
Arduino Zero (or M0 Pro) will work just fine as it has an integrated USB EDBG port. You need to connect both USB ports to your machine to debug - one is for flashing and getting logs, the other is for the exposed MSC interface.
There is a number of configuration parameters at the top of uf2.h file.
Adjust them to your liking.
By default, you cannot enable all the features, as the bootloader would exceed the 8k allocated to it by Arduino etc. It will assert on startup that it's not bigger than 8k. Also, the linker script will not allow it.
Three typical configurations are:
- HID, WebUSB, MSC, plus flash reading via FAT; UART and CDC disabled; logging optional; recommended
- USB CDC and MSC, plus flash reading via FAT; UART disabled; logging optional; this may have Windows driver problems
- USB CDC and MSC, no flash reading via FAT (or at least
index.htmdisabled); UART enabled; logging disabled; no handover; no HID; only this one if you need the UART support in bootloader for whatever reason
CDC and MSC together will work on Linux and Mac with no drivers. On Windows, if you have drivers installed for the USB ID chosen, then CDC might work and MSC will not work; otherwise, if you have no drivers, MSC will work, and CDC will work on Windows 10 only. Thus, it's best to set the USB ID to one for which there are no drivers.
The bootloader sits at 0x00000000, and the application starts at 0x00002000.
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.
See THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt for the original SAM-BA bootloader license from Atmel.
The new code is licensed under MIT.