TOTP: introduce new interface that prevents code reuse

src/OTPWithPreviousTimestampInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace OTPHP;
+
+interface OTPWithPreviousTimestampInterface extends OTPInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * Verify method which prevents previously used codes from being used again. The passed values are in seconds.
+     *
+     * @param non-empty-string $otp
+     * @param null|0|positive-int $timestamp
+     * @param null|0|positive-int $leeway
+     * @param null|0|positive-int $previousTimestamp
+     * @return int|false the timestamp matching the otp on success, and false on error
+     */
+    public function verifyWithPreviousTimestamp(string $otp, null|int $timestamp = null, null|int $leeway = null, null|int $previousTimestamp = null): int|false;
+}

src/TOTP.php

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 /**
  * @see \OTPHP\Test\TOTPTest
  */
-final class TOTP extends OTP implements TOTPInterface
+final class TOTP extends OTP implements TOTPInterface, OTPWithPreviousTimestampInterface
 {
     private readonly ClockInterface $clock;
 
@@ -117,13 +117,27 @@ public function now(): string
      * @param null|0|positive-int $leeway
      */
     public function verify(string $otp, null|int $timestamp = null, null|int $leeway = null): bool
+    {
+        return $this->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp($otp, $timestamp, $leeway, null) !== false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify method which prevents previously used codes from being used again. The passed values are in seconds.
+     *
+     * @param non-empty-string $otp
+     * @param 0|positive-int $timestamp
+     * @param null|0|positive-int $leeway
+     * @param null|0|positive-int $previousTimestamp
+     * @return int|false the timestamp matching the otp on success, and false on error
+     */
+    public function verifyWithPreviousTimestamp(string $otp, null|int $timestamp = null, null|int $leeway = null, null|int $previousTimestamp = null): int|false
     {
         $timestamp ??= $this->clock->now()
             ->getTimestamp();
         $timestamp >= 0 || throw new InvalidArgumentException('Timestamp must be at least 0.');
 
         if ($leeway === null) {
-            return $this->compareOTP($this->at($timestamp), $otp);
+            return $this->verifyOTPAtTimestamps($otp, [$timestamp], $previousTimestamp);
         }
 
         $leeway = abs($leeway);
@@ -135,9 +149,35 @@ public function verify(string $otp, null|int $timestamp = null, null|int $leeway
             'The timestamp must be greater than or equal to the leeway.'
         );
 
-        return $this->compareOTP($this->at($timestampMinusLeeway), $otp)
-            || $this->compareOTP($this->at($timestamp), $otp)
-            || $this->compareOTP($this->at($timestamp + $leeway), $otp);
+        return $this->verifyOTPAtTimestamps(
+            $otp,
+            [$timestampMinusLeeway, $timestamp, $timestamp + $leeway],
+            $previousTimestamp
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param non-empty-string $otp
+     * @param array<0|positive-int> $timestamps
+     */
+    private function verifyOTPAtTimestamps(string $otp, array $timestamps, null|int $previousTimestamp): int|false
+    {
+        $previousTimeCode = null;
+        if ($previousTimestamp > 0) {
+            $previousTimeCode = $this->timecode($previousTimestamp);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($timestamps as $timestamp) {
+            if ($previousTimeCode !== null && $previousTimeCode >= $this->timecode($timestamp)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->compareOTP($this->at($timestamp), $otp)) {
+                return $timestamp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
     }
 
     public function getProvisioningUri(): string

tests/TOTPTest.php

@@ -211,6 +211,18 @@ public function verifyOtpWithEpoch(): void
         static::assertFalse($otp->verify('139664', 1_301_012_297));
     }
 
+    #[Test]
+    public function verifyOtpWithPreviousTimestamp(): void
+    {
+        $otp = self::createTOTP(6, 'sha1', 30);
+
+        static::assertSame(319_690_800, $otp->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp('762124', 319_690_800, null, 0));
+        static::assertSame(319_690_800, $otp->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp('762124', 319_690_800, null, 319_690_770), 'Can use new code');
+        static::assertFalse($otp->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp('762124', 319_690_800, null, 319_690_800), 'Cannot use same code again');
+        static::assertFalse($otp->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp('762124', 319_690_801, null, 319_690_800), 'Cannot use same code again at different timestamp');
+        static::assertFalse($otp->verifyWithPreviousTimestamp('762124', 319_690_800, null, 319_690_830), 'Cannot use previous code');
+    }
+
     #[Test]
     public function notCompatibleWithGoogleAuthenticator(): void
     {