From 44752e65df122cfd70e05804c45d00a149c2f4a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Boris Fomitchev <bfomitchev@nvidia.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 23:35:34 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 01/26] Removed CPU randn() from schedulers

Signed-off-by: Boris Fomitchev <bfomitchev@nvidia.com>
---
 monai/networks/schedulers/ddim.py | 2 +-
 monai/networks/schedulers/ddpm.py | 8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/networks/schedulers/ddim.py b/monai/networks/schedulers/ddim.py
index 2a0121d063..50a680336d 100644
--- a/monai/networks/schedulers/ddim.py
+++ b/monai/networks/schedulers/ddim.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def step(
         if eta > 0:
             # randn_like does not support generator https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/27072
             device: torch.device = torch.device(model_output.device if torch.is_tensor(model_output) else "cpu")
-            noise = torch.randn(model_output.shape, dtype=model_output.dtype, generator=generator).to(device)
+            noise = torch.randn(model_output.shape, dtype=model_output.dtype, generator=generator, device=device)
             variance = self._get_variance(timestep, prev_timestep) ** 0.5 * eta * noise
 
             pred_prev_sample = pred_prev_sample + variance
diff --git a/monai/networks/schedulers/ddpm.py b/monai/networks/schedulers/ddpm.py
index 93ad833031..d64e11d379 100644
--- a/monai/networks/schedulers/ddpm.py
+++ b/monai/networks/schedulers/ddpm.py
@@ -241,8 +241,12 @@ def step(
         variance = 0
         if timestep > 0:
             noise = torch.randn(
-                model_output.size(), dtype=model_output.dtype, layout=model_output.layout, generator=generator
-            ).to(model_output.device)
+                model_output.size(),
+                dtype=model_output.dtype,
+                layout=model_output.layout,
+                generator=generator,
+                device=model_output.device,
+            )
             variance = (self._get_variance(timestep, predicted_variance=predicted_variance) ** 0.5) * noise
 
         pred_prev_sample = pred_prev_sample + variance

From 1893375e8ec5cdd52c99d431e607feb7dbd80802 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2024 11:05:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/26] workaround for #8149

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements-dev.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements-dev.txt b/requirements-dev.txt
index 6d0ccd378a..72654d3534 100644
--- a/requirements-dev.txt
+++ b/requirements-dev.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ isort>=5.1
 ruff
 pytype>=2020.6.1; platform_system != "Windows"
 types-setuptools
-mypy>=1.5.0
+mypy>=1.5.0, <1.12.0
 ninja
 torchvision
 psutil

From 1c126a9464e1187212eb3ceca36a6d3508e39192 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2024 22:17:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/26] add `PythonicWorkflow`

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/__init__.py  |   2 +-
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 109 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/__init__.py b/monai/bundle/__init__.py
index a4a2176f14..3f3c8d545e 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/__init__.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/__init__.py
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@
     MACRO_KEY,
     load_bundle_config,
 )
-from .workflows import BundleWorkflow, ConfigWorkflow
+from .workflows import BundleWorkflow, ConfigWorkflow, PythonicWorkflow
diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index d728d7d930..1b0690a6be 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -225,6 +225,115 @@ def check_properties(self) -> list[str] | None:
         return [n for n, p in self.properties.items() if p.get(BundleProperty.REQUIRED, False) and not hasattr(self, n)]
 
 
+class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
+    """
+    Base class for the workflow specification in bundle, it can be a training, evaluation or inference workflow.
+    It defines the basic interfaces for the bundle workflow behavior: `initialize`, `run`, `finalize`, etc.
+    And also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow.
+
+    Args:
+        workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
+            or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
+            other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
+            default to `train` for train workflow.
+        workflow: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
+            or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
+            other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
+            default to `None` for common workflow.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties.
+        meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
+        logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.fileConfig.
+
+    """
+
+    supported_train_type: tuple = ("train", "training")
+    supported_infer_type: tuple = ("infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation")
+
+    @deprecated_arg(
+        "workflow",
+        since="1.2",
+        removed="1.5",
+        new_name="workflow_type",
+        msg_suffix="please use `workflow_type` instead.",
+    )
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        workflow_type: str | None = None,
+        workflow: str | None = None,
+        properties_path: PathLike | None = None,
+        meta_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        logging_file: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, workflow=workflow, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file)
+        self._props = {}
+        self._set_props = {}
+
+    def initialize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Initialize the bundle workflow before running.
+        """
+        self._props = {}
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Run the bundle workflow, it can be a training, evaluation or inference.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def finalize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Finalize step after the running of bundle workflow.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
+        """
+        With specified property name and information, get the expected property value.
+        If the property is already generated, return from the bucket directly.
+        If user explicitly set the property, return it directly.
+        Otherwise, generate the expected property as a class private property with prefix "_".
+
+        Args:
+            name: the name of target property.
+            property: other information for the target property, defined in `TrainProperties` or `InferProperties`.
+        """
+        value = None
+        if name in self._set_props:
+            value = self._set_props[name]
+            self._props[name] = value
+        elif name in self._props:
+            value = self._props[name]
+        else:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(self, f"get_{name}")()
+            except AttributeError:
+                if property[BundleProperty.REQUIRED]:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"unsupported property '{name}' is required in the bundle properties,"
+                        f"need to implement a method 'get_{name}' to provide the property."
+                    )
+            self._props[name] = value
+        return value
+
+    def _set_property(self, name: str, property: dict, value: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        With specified property name and information, set value for the expected property.
+        Stores user-reset initialized objects that should not be re-initialized.
+
+        Args:
+            name: the name of target property.
+            property: other information for the target property, defined in `TrainProperties` or `InferProperties`.
+            value: value to set for the property.
+
+        """
+        self._set_props[name] = value
+
+
 class ConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     """
     Specification for the config-based bundle workflow.

From 7228989ea1720e07dadaee222b3819576a71c24e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2024 22:19:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/26] minor update

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 1b0690a6be..fa2223261d 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def check_properties(self) -> list[str] | None:
 
 class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     """
-    Base class for the workflow specification in bundle, it can be a training, evaluation or inference workflow.
+    Base class for the pythonic workflow specification in bundle, it can be a training, evaluation or inference workflow.
     It defines the basic interfaces for the bundle workflow behavior: `initialize`, `run`, `finalize`, etc.
     And also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow.
 

From cf31a38720e53aade0efb87b89151c0e538ce8ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 15:51:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/26] support for multipy properties file

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index fa2223261d..6f1e761e4d 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -96,29 +96,39 @@ def __init__(
                         meta_file = None
 
         workflow_type = workflow if workflow is not None else workflow_type
-        if workflow_type is None and properties_path is None:
-            self.properties = copy(MetaProperties)
-            self.workflow_type = None
-            self.meta_file = meta_file
-            return
+        if workflow_type is not None:
+            if workflow_type.lower() in self.supported_train_type:
+                workflow_type = "train"
+            elif workflow_type.lower() in self.supported_infer_type:
+                workflow_type = "infer"
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported workflow type: '{workflow_type}'.")
+
         if properties_path is not None:
             properties_path = Path(properties_path)
             if not properties_path.is_file():
                 raise ValueError(f"Property file {properties_path} does not exist.")
+            if workflow_type is None:
+                workflow_type = "train"
+                logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to 'train' for property file loading.")
             with open(properties_path) as json_file:
-                self.properties = json.load(json_file)
-            self.workflow_type = None
-            self.meta_file = meta_file
-            return
-        if workflow_type.lower() in self.supported_train_type:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            self.properties = {**TrainProperties, **MetaProperties}
-            self.workflow_type = "train"
-        elif workflow_type.lower() in self.supported_infer_type:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            self.properties = {**InferProperties, **MetaProperties}
-            self.workflow_type = "infer"
+                try:
+                    self.properties = json.load(json_file)[workflow_type]
+                    print(self.properties)
+                except:
+                    raise ValueError(f"{self.workflow_type} not find in property file {properties_path}")
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported workflow type: '{workflow_type}'.")
+            if workflow_type == "train":
+                self.properties = {**TrainProperties, **MetaProperties}
+            elif workflow_type == "infer":
+                self.properties = {**InferProperties, **MetaProperties}
+            elif workflow_type is None:
+                self.properties = copy(MetaProperties)
+                logger.info("No workflow type and property file specified, default to 'meta' properties.")
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported workflow type: '{workflow_type}'.")
 
+        self.workflow_type = workflow_type
         self.meta_file = meta_file
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -262,12 +272,22 @@ def __init__(
         workflow_type: str | None = None,
         workflow: str | None = None,
         properties_path: PathLike | None = None,
+        config_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
         meta_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
         logging_file: str | None = None,
+        **override: Any
     ):
         super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, workflow=workflow, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file)
         self._props = {}
         self._set_props = {}
+        
+        self.parser = ConfigParser()
+        self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
+        if self.meta_file is not None:
+            self.parser.read_meta(f=self.meta_file)
+
+        # the rest key-values in the _args are to override config content
+        self.parser.update(pairs=override)
 
     def initialize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         """

From b94b2a0e9668d2fa20a1a8fe97d52c096d952225 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 07:52:00 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/26] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 6f1e761e4d..b3037d4e03 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, workflow=workflow, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file)
         self._props = {}
         self._set_props = {}
-        
+
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
         self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
         if self.meta_file is not None:

From 7248c2be5976603d55a88b6189880420a1c48060 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2024 10:36:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/26] minor fix

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 6f1e761e4d..0acdbe46c3 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -282,7 +282,8 @@ def __init__(
         self._set_props = {}
         
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
-        self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
+        if config_file is not None:
+            self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
         if self.meta_file is not None:
             self.parser.read_meta(f=self.meta_file)
 

From f99763d7c2183aa7759069c5229f21c9aa768197 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:22:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/26] add test case

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py                   |  13 +-
 tests/nonconfig_workflow.py                 |  63 ++++++++-
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py               |  34 ++++-
 tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json | 139 +++++++++++---------
 4 files changed, 175 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 29652fbc93..ebc4fe7139 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -114,8 +114,10 @@ def __init__(
                 logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to 'train' for property file loading.")
             with open(properties_path) as json_file:
                 try:
-                    self.properties = json.load(json_file)[workflow_type]
-                    print(self.properties)
+                    properties = json.load(json_file)
+                    self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
+                    if "meta" in properties:
+                        self.properties.update(properties["meta"])
                 except:
                     raise ValueError(f"{self.workflow_type} not find in property file {properties_path}")
         else:
@@ -278,10 +280,10 @@ def __init__(
         logging_file: str | None = None,
         **override: Any
     ):
+        meta_file = str(Path(os.getcwd()) / "metadata.json") if meta_file is None else meta_file
         super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, workflow=workflow, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file)
         self._props = {}
         self._set_props = {}
-
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
         if config_file is not None:
             self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
@@ -325,11 +327,15 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
             property: other information for the target property, defined in `TrainProperties` or `InferProperties`.
         """
         value = None
+        id = self.properties.get(name, None).get(BundlePropertyConfig.ID, None)
+        print(self.parser.config.keys(), self.parser.config["_meta_"], '*********')
         if name in self._set_props:
             value = self._set_props[name]
             self._props[name] = value
         elif name in self._props:
             value = self._props[name]
+        elif name in self.parser.config["_meta_"]:
+            value = self.parser.__getitem__(id)
         else:
             try:
                 value = getattr(self, f"get_{name}")()
@@ -454,7 +460,6 @@ def __init__(
         self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
         if self.meta_file is not None:
             self.parser.read_meta(f=self.meta_file)
-
         # the rest key-values in the _args are to override config content
         self.parser.update(pairs=override)
         self.init_id = init_id
diff --git a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
index b2c44c12c6..f1f5cbcd10 100644
--- a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 import torch
 
-from monai.bundle import BundleWorkflow
+from monai.bundle import BundleWorkflow, PythonicWorkflow
 from monai.data import DataLoader, Dataset
 from monai.engines import SupervisedEvaluator
 from monai.inferers import SlidingWindowInferer
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
     LoadImaged,
     SaveImaged,
     ScaleIntensityd,
+    ScaleIntensityRanged,
 )
-from monai.utils import BundleProperty, set_determinism
+from monai.utils import BundleProperty, set_determinism, CommonKeys
 
 
 class NonConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
@@ -176,3 +177,61 @@ def _set_property(self, name, property, value):
             self._numpy_version = value
         elif property[BundleProperty.REQUIRED]:
             raise ValueError(f"unsupported property '{name}' is required in the bundle properties.")
+
+
+class PythonicWorkflowImpl(PythonicWorkflow):
+    """
+    Test class simulates the bundle workflow defined by Python script directly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, workflow_type: str = "inference", config_file: str | None = None, properties_path: str | None = None, meta_file: str | None = None):
+        super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, properties_path=properties_path, config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file)
+        self.dataflow = {}
+
+    def initialize(self):
+        self.net = UNet(
+            spatial_dims=3,
+            in_channels=1,
+            out_channels=2,
+            channels=(16, 32, 64, 128),
+            strides=(2, 2, 2),
+            num_res_units=2,
+        ).to(self.device)
+        preprocessing = Compose(
+            [
+                EnsureChannelFirstd(keys=["image"]),
+                ScaleIntensityd(keys="image"),
+                ScaleIntensityRanged(keys="image", a_min=-57, a_max=164, b_min=0.0, b_max=1.0, clip=True),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.dataset = Dataset(
+            data=[self.dataflow],
+            transform=preprocessing,
+        )
+        self.postprocessing = Compose(
+            [
+                Activationsd(keys="pred", softmax=True),
+                AsDiscreted(keys="pred", argmax=True),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=self.parser.roi_size, sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0)
+
+    def run(self):
+        data = self.dataset[0]
+        inputs = data[CommonKeys.IMAGE].unsqueeze(0).to(self.device)
+        self.net.eval()
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            data[CommonKeys.PRED] = self.inferer(inputs, self.net)
+        self.dataflow.update({CommonKeys.PRED: self.postprocessing(data)[CommonKeys.PRED]})
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        pass
+
+    def get_bundle_root(self):
+        return "."
+
+    def get_device(self):
+        return torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+    
+    def get_inferer(self):
+        return self.inferer
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 1727fcdf53..38fe2ae824 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 import torch
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow
+from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow, create_workflow
 from monai.data import Dataset
 from monai.inferers import SimpleInferer, SlidingWindowInferer
 from monai.networks.nets import UNet
-from monai.transforms import Compose, LoadImage
-from tests.nonconfig_workflow import NonConfigWorkflow
+from monai.transforms import Compose, LoadImage, LoadImaged
+from tests.nonconfig_workflow import NonConfigWorkflow, PythonicWorkflowImpl
 
 TEST_CASE_1 = [os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "inference.json")]
 
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.expected_shape = (128, 128, 128)
         test_image = np.random.rand(*self.expected_shape)
         self.filename = os.path.join(self.data_dir, "image.nii")
+        self.filename2 = os.path.join(self.data_dir, "image2.nii")
         nib.save(nib.Nifti1Image(test_image, np.eye(4)), self.filename)
+        nib.save(nib.Nifti1Image(test_image, np.eye(4)), self.filename2)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         shutil.rmtree(self.data_dir)
@@ -108,12 +110,13 @@ def test_inference_config(self, config_file):
         # test property path
         inferer = ConfigWorkflow(
             config_file=config_file,
+            workflow_type="infer",
             properties_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "fl_infer_properties.json"),
             logging_file=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "logging.conf"),
             **override,
         )
         self._test_inferer(inferer)
-        self.assertEqual(inferer.workflow_type, None)
+        self.assertEqual(inferer.workflow_type, "infer")
 
     @parameterized.expand([TEST_CASE_3])
     def test_train_config(self, config_file):
@@ -164,6 +167,29 @@ def test_non_config_wrong_log_cases(self, meta_file, logging_file, expected_erro
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(FileNotFoundError, expected_error):
             NonConfigWorkflow(self.filename, self.data_dir, meta_file, logging_file)
 
+    def test_pythonic_workflow(self):
+        device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        config_file = {"roi_size": (64, 64, 32)}
+        meta_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "metadata.json")
+        workflow = PythonicWorkflowImpl(workflow_type="infer", config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file)
+        workflow.initialize()
+        # Load input data
+        input_loader = LoadImaged(keys="image")
+        workflow.dataflow.update(input_loader({"image": self.filename}))
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.bundle_root, ".")
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.device, device)
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.version, "0.1.0")
+        # check config override correctly
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.inferer.roi_size, (64, 64, 32))
+        workflow.run()
+        # update input data and run again
+        workflow.dataflow.update(input_loader({"image": self.filename2}))
+        workflow.run()
+        pred = workflow.dataflow["pred"]
+        self.assertEqual(pred.shape[2:], self.expected_shape)
+        self.assertEqual(pred.meta["filename_or_obj"], self.filename2)
+        workflow.finalize()
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json b/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
index 72e97cd2c6..337741488c 100644
--- a/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
+++ b/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
@@ -1,67 +1,78 @@
-{
-    "bundle_root": {
-        "description": "root path of the bundle.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "bundle_root"
+{   
+"infer": 
+    {
+        "bundle_root": {
+            "description": "root path of the bundle.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "bundle_root"
+        },
+        "device": {
+            "description": "target device to execute the bundle workflow.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "device"
+        },
+        "dataset_dir": {
+            "description": "directory path of the dataset.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "dataset_dir"
+        },
+        "dataset": {
+            "description": "PyTorch dataset object for the inference / evaluation logic.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "dataset"
+        },
+        "evaluator": {
+            "description": "inference / evaluation workflow engine.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "evaluator"
+        },
+        "network_def": {
+            "description": "network module for the inference.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "network_def"
+        },
+        "inferer": {
+            "description": "MONAI Inferer object to execute the model computation in inference.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "inferer"
+        },
+        "dataset_data": {
+            "description": "data source for the inference / evaluation dataset.",
+            "required": false,
+            "id": "dataset::data",
+            "refer_id": null
+        },
+        "handlers": {
+            "description": "event-handlers for the inference / evaluation logic.",
+            "required": false,
+            "id": "handlers",
+            "refer_id": "evaluator::val_handlers"
+        },
+        "preprocessing": {
+            "description": "preprocessing for the input data.",
+            "required": false,
+            "id": "preprocessing",
+            "refer_id": "dataset::transform"
+        },
+        "postprocessing": {
+            "description": "postprocessing for the model output data.",
+            "required": false,
+            "id": "postprocessing",
+            "refer_id": "evaluator::postprocessing"
+        },
+        "key_metric": {
+            "description": "the key metric during evaluation.",
+            "required": false,
+            "id": "key_metric",
+            "refer_id": "evaluator::key_val_metric"
+        }
     },
-    "device": {
-        "description": "target device to execute the bundle workflow.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "device"
-    },
-    "dataset_dir": {
-        "description": "directory path of the dataset.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "dataset_dir"
-    },
-    "dataset": {
-        "description": "PyTorch dataset object for the inference / evaluation logic.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "dataset"
-    },
-    "evaluator": {
-        "description": "inference / evaluation workflow engine.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "evaluator"
-    },
-    "network_def": {
-        "description": "network module for the inference.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "network_def"
-    },
-    "inferer": {
-        "description": "MONAI Inferer object to execute the model computation in inference.",
-        "required": true,
-        "id": "inferer"
-    },
-    "dataset_data": {
-        "description": "data source for the inference / evaluation dataset.",
-        "required": false,
-        "id": "dataset::data",
-        "refer_id": null
-    },
-    "handlers": {
-        "description": "event-handlers for the inference / evaluation logic.",
-        "required": false,
-        "id": "handlers",
-        "refer_id": "evaluator::val_handlers"
-    },
-    "preprocessing": {
-        "description": "preprocessing for the input data.",
-        "required": false,
-        "id": "preprocessing",
-        "refer_id": "dataset::transform"
-    },
-    "postprocessing": {
-        "description": "postprocessing for the model output data.",
-        "required": false,
-        "id": "postprocessing",
-        "refer_id": "evaluator::postprocessing"
-    },
-    "key_metric": {
-        "description": "the key metric during evaluation.",
-        "required": false,
-        "id": "key_metric",
-        "refer_id": "evaluator::key_val_metric"
+"meta":
+    {
+        "version": {
+            "description": "version of the inference configuration.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "_meta_::version"
+        }
     }
 }

From 6441466e637a0761dda0d91340629e5e67153f11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:24:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/26] fix format

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py   | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 tests/nonconfig_workflow.py | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index ebc4fe7139..07b2b5a9a6 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -118,8 +118,10 @@ def __init__(
                     self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
                     if "meta" in properties:
                         self.properties.update(properties["meta"])
-                except:
-                    raise ValueError(f"{self.workflow_type} not find in property file {properties_path}")
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise ValueError(f"{workflow_type} not found in property file {properties_path}")
+                except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Error decoding JSON from property file {properties_path}")
         else:
             if workflow_type == "train":
                 self.properties = {**TrainProperties, **MetaProperties}
@@ -278,10 +280,16 @@ def __init__(
         config_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
         meta_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
         logging_file: str | None = None,
-        **override: Any
+        **override: Any,
     ):
         meta_file = str(Path(os.getcwd()) / "metadata.json") if meta_file is None else meta_file
-        super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, workflow=workflow, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file)
+        super().__init__(
+            workflow_type=workflow_type,
+            workflow=workflow,
+            properties_path=properties_path,
+            meta_file=meta_file,
+            logging_file=logging_file,
+        )
         self._props = {}
         self._set_props = {}
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
@@ -328,7 +336,7 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         """
         value = None
         id = self.properties.get(name, None).get(BundlePropertyConfig.ID, None)
-        print(self.parser.config.keys(), self.parser.config["_meta_"], '*********')
+        print(self.parser.config.keys(), self.parser.config["_meta_"], "*********")
         if name in self._set_props:
             value = self._set_props[name]
             self._props[name] = value
diff --git a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
index f1f5cbcd10..345e4e1f56 100644
--- a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     ScaleIntensityd,
     ScaleIntensityRanged,
 )
-from monai.utils import BundleProperty, set_determinism, CommonKeys
+from monai.utils import BundleProperty, CommonKeys, set_determinism
 
 
 class NonConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
@@ -184,8 +184,16 @@ class PythonicWorkflowImpl(PythonicWorkflow):
     Test class simulates the bundle workflow defined by Python script directly.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, workflow_type: str = "inference", config_file: str | None = None, properties_path: str | None = None, meta_file: str | None = None):
-        super().__init__(workflow_type=workflow_type, properties_path=properties_path, config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        workflow_type: str = "inference",
+        config_file: str | None = None,
+        properties_path: str | None = None,
+        meta_file: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            workflow_type=workflow_type, properties_path=properties_path, config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file
+        )
         self.dataflow = {}
 
     def initialize(self):
@@ -204,16 +212,8 @@ def initialize(self):
                 ScaleIntensityRanged(keys="image", a_min=-57, a_max=164, b_min=0.0, b_max=1.0, clip=True),
             ]
         )
-        self.dataset = Dataset(
-            data=[self.dataflow],
-            transform=preprocessing,
-        )
-        self.postprocessing = Compose(
-            [
-                Activationsd(keys="pred", softmax=True),
-                AsDiscreted(keys="pred", argmax=True),
-            ]
-        )
+        self.dataset = Dataset(data=[self.dataflow], transform=preprocessing)
+        self.postprocessing = Compose([Activationsd(keys="pred", softmax=True), AsDiscreted(keys="pred", argmax=True)])
         self.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=self.parser.roi_size, sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0)
 
     def run(self):
@@ -232,6 +232,6 @@ def get_bundle_root(self):
 
     def get_device(self):
         return torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
-    
+
     def get_inferer(self):
         return self.inferer

From c2e2dad6797317bb4f17be4952bce139ac712e43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:25:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/26] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py               | 2 +-
 tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json | 8 +++-----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 38fe2ae824..bfb92f3746 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import torch
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow, create_workflow
+from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow
 from monai.data import Dataset
 from monai.inferers import SimpleInferer, SlidingWindowInferer
 from monai.networks.nets import UNet
diff --git a/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json b/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
index 337741488c..6b40edd2ab 100644
--- a/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
+++ b/tests/testing_data/fl_infer_properties.json
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-{   
-"infer": 
-    {
+{
+    "infer": {
         "bundle_root": {
             "description": "root path of the bundle.",
             "required": true,
@@ -67,8 +66,7 @@
             "refer_id": "evaluator::key_val_metric"
         }
     },
-"meta":
-    {
+    "meta": {
         "version": {
             "description": "version of the inference configuration.",
             "required": true,

From 17e4f32f12b6a25f50e64cfd047ccce3d6469d3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:30:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/26] add docstring

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 07b2b5a9a6..991b14a6be 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties.
+        config_file: path to the config file, typically used to store hyperparameters.
         meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
         logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:
             https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.fileConfig.

From 6b2817e36942b86fc88fac38ebbc62bc083417e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:40:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/26] fix format

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 13 ++++++-------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 991b14a6be..811a6faef4 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ def __init__(
                     self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
                     if "meta" in properties:
                         self.properties.update(properties["meta"])
-                except KeyError:
-                    raise ValueError(f"{workflow_type} not found in property file {properties_path}")
-                except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Error decoding JSON from property file {properties_path}")
+                except KeyError as e:
+                    raise ValueError(f"{workflow_type} not found in property file {properties_path}") from e
+                except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Error decoding JSON from property file {properties_path}") from e
         else:
             if workflow_type == "train":
                 self.properties = {**TrainProperties, **MetaProperties}
@@ -337,7 +337,6 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         """
         value = None
         id = self.properties.get(name, None).get(BundlePropertyConfig.ID, None)
-        print(self.parser.config.keys(), self.parser.config["_meta_"], "*********")
         if name in self._set_props:
             value = self._set_props[name]
             self._props[name] = value
@@ -348,12 +347,12 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         else:
             try:
                 value = getattr(self, f"get_{name}")()
-            except AttributeError:
+            except AttributeError as e:
                 if property[BundleProperty.REQUIRED]:
                     raise ValueError(
                         f"unsupported property '{name}' is required in the bundle properties,"
                         f"need to implement a method 'get_{name}' to provide the property."
-                    )
+                    ) from e
             self._props[name] = value
         return value
 

From 6eed10defb212d75e08595a3a1864fb0a8b3ebfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:44:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/26] update docstring

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 811a6faef4..7e6bd0f53c 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -44,12 +44,14 @@ class BundleWorkflow(ABC):
         workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
-            default to `train` for train workflow.
+            default to `None` for only using meta properties.
         workflow: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
-        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If workflow type is specified, the properties
+            will be loaded from the file based on the workflow type and meta, otherwise, the properties will be loaded from
+            "train". If the file does not exist, the default properties will be used.
         meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
         logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:
             https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.fileConfig.
@@ -250,12 +252,14 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
         workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
-            default to `train` for train workflow.
+            default to `None` for only using meta properties.
         workflow: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
-        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If workflow type is specified, the properties
+            will be loaded from the file based on the workflow type and meta, otherwise, the properties will be loaded from
+            "train". If the file does not exist, the default properties will be used.
         config_file: path to the config file, typically used to store hyperparameters.
         meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
         logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:

From f31e39d3a095fe1cbdf8fe2b4de54b41a54e0e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:54:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/26] fix mypy

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py   | 6 +++---
 tests/nonconfig_workflow.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 7e6bd0f53c..df89d6ae8c 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ def __init__(
             meta_file=meta_file,
             logging_file=logging_file,
         )
-        self._props = {}
-        self._set_props = {}
+        self._props: dict = {}
+        self._set_props: dict = {}
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
         if config_file is not None:
             self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
             self._props[name] = value
         elif name in self._props:
             value = self._props[name]
-        elif name in self.parser.config["_meta_"]:
+        elif name in self.parser.config[self.parser.meta_key]:  # type: ignore[index]
             value = self.parser.__getitem__(id)
         else:
             try:
diff --git a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
index 345e4e1f56..dd3a921429 100644
--- a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(
             workflow_type=workflow_type, properties_path=properties_path, config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file
         )
-        self.dataflow = {}
+        self.dataflow: dict = {}
 
     def initialize(self):
         self.net = UNet(

From 7f5c43b72fe4b571a047b3128d419d71693715a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 14:14:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/26] Update monai/bundle/workflows.py

Co-authored-by: Eric Kerfoot <17726042+ericspod@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index df89d6ae8c..210f0909ec 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         elif name in self._props:
             value = self._props[name]
         elif name in self.parser.config[self.parser.meta_key]:  # type: ignore[index]
-            value = self.parser.__getitem__(id)
+            value = self.parser[id]
         else:
             try:
                 value = getattr(self, f"get_{name}")()

From 9c3155fed85e4154e74e8b37d7542278779243a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 14:50:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/26] address comments

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 76 +++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 210f0909ec..584bb86a72 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -49,9 +49,13 @@ class BundleWorkflow(ABC):
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
-        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If workflow type is specified, the properties
-            will be loaded from the file based on the workflow type and meta, otherwise, the properties will be loaded from
-            "train". If the file does not exist, the default properties will be used.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
+            loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
+            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
+            For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For workflow_type = None : only `MetaProperties` will be loaded.
         meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
         logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:
             https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.fileConfig.
@@ -246,7 +250,8 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     """
     Base class for the pythonic workflow specification in bundle, it can be a training, evaluation or inference workflow.
     It defines the basic interfaces for the bundle workflow behavior: `initialize`, `run`, `finalize`, etc.
-    And also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow.
+    This also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow through
+    defined `get_<property>` accessor methods or directly defining members of the object.
 
     Args:
         workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
@@ -257,9 +262,13 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
-        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If workflow type is specified, the properties
-            will be loaded from the file based on the workflow type and meta, otherwise, the properties will be loaded from
-            "train". If the file does not exist, the default properties will be used.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
+            loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
+            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
+            For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For workflow_type = None : only `MetaProperties` will be loaded.
         config_file: path to the config file, typically used to store hyperparameters.
         meta_file: filepath of the metadata file, if this is a list of file paths, their contents will be merged in order.
         logging_file: config file for `logging` module in the program. for more details:
@@ -270,17 +279,9 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     supported_train_type: tuple = ("train", "training")
     supported_infer_type: tuple = ("infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation")
 
-    @deprecated_arg(
-        "workflow",
-        since="1.2",
-        removed="1.5",
-        new_name="workflow_type",
-        msg_suffix="please use `workflow_type` instead.",
-    )
     def __init__(
         self,
         workflow_type: str | None = None,
-        workflow: str | None = None,
         properties_path: PathLike | None = None,
         config_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
         meta_file: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
@@ -290,13 +291,12 @@ def __init__(
         meta_file = str(Path(os.getcwd()) / "metadata.json") if meta_file is None else meta_file
         super().__init__(
             workflow_type=workflow_type,
-            workflow=workflow,
             properties_path=properties_path,
             meta_file=meta_file,
             logging_file=logging_file,
         )
-        self._props: dict = {}
-        self._set_props: dict = {}
+        self._props_vals: dict = {}
+        self._set_props_vals: dict = {}
         self.parser = ConfigParser()
         if config_file is not None:
             self.parser.read_config(f=config_file)
@@ -312,22 +312,6 @@ def initialize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         """
         self._props = {}
 
-    @abstractmethod
-    def run(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        """
-        Run the bundle workflow, it can be a training, evaluation or inference.
-
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def finalize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        """
-        Finalize step after the running of bundle workflow.
-
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
     def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         """
         With specified property name and information, get the expected property value.
@@ -340,13 +324,13 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
             property: other information for the target property, defined in `TrainProperties` or `InferProperties`.
         """
         value = None
-        id = self.properties.get(name, None).get(BundlePropertyConfig.ID, None)
-        if name in self._set_props:
-            value = self._set_props[name]
-            self._props[name] = value
-        elif name in self._props:
-            value = self._props[name]
+        if name in self._set_props_vals:
+            value = self._set_props_vals[name]
+            self._props_vals[name] = value
+        elif name in self._props_vals:
+            value = self._props_vals[name]
         elif name in self.parser.config[self.parser.meta_key]:  # type: ignore[index]
+            id = self.properties.get(name, None).get(BundlePropertyConfig.ID, None)
             value = self.parser[id]
         else:
             try:
@@ -357,7 +341,7 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
                         f"unsupported property '{name}' is required in the bundle properties,"
                         f"need to implement a method 'get_{name}' to provide the property."
                     ) from e
-            self._props[name] = value
+            self._props_vals[name] = value
         return value
 
     def _set_property(self, name: str, property: dict, value: Any) -> Any:
@@ -371,7 +355,7 @@ def _set_property(self, name: str, property: dict, value: Any) -> Any:
             value: value to set for the property.
 
         """
-        self._set_props[name] = value
+        self._set_props_vals[name] = value
 
 
 class ConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
@@ -410,7 +394,13 @@ class ConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             or "infer", "inference", "eval", "evaluation" for a inference workflow,
             other unsupported string will raise a ValueError.
             default to `None` for common workflow.
-        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties.
+        properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
+            loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
+            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
+            For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
+            For workflow_type = None : only `MetaProperties` will be loaded.
         override: id-value pairs to override or add the corresponding config content.
             e.g. ``--net#input_chns 42``, ``--net %/data/other.json#net_arg``
 

From ef41603cee1873e49ce9d7f4606c65864fef33f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 14:50:39 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/26] fix format

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 584bb86a72..b2e19cfef6 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -290,10 +290,7 @@ def __init__(
     ):
         meta_file = str(Path(os.getcwd()) / "metadata.json") if meta_file is None else meta_file
         super().__init__(
-            workflow_type=workflow_type,
-            properties_path=properties_path,
-            meta_file=meta_file,
-            logging_file=logging_file,
+            workflow_type=workflow_type, properties_path=properties_path, meta_file=meta_file, logging_file=logging_file
         )
         self._props_vals: dict = {}
         self._set_props_vals: dict = {}

From 9acad6b2603fe088ee0583fc060f288d8d435c0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 13:49:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/26] fix ci

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index b2e19cfef6..38489d4778 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def initialize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         """
         Initialize the bundle workflow before running.
         """
-        self._props = {}
+        self._props_vals = {}
 
     def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         """

From 99af7fd815d14d68554d868ba3a19d58c8f664dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:40:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/26] address comments

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 38489d4778..45ef90767b 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -323,7 +323,6 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         value = None
         if name in self._set_props_vals:
             value = self._set_props_vals[name]
-            self._props_vals[name] = value
         elif name in self._props_vals:
             value = self._props_vals[name]
         elif name in self.parser.config[self.parser.meta_key]:  # type: ignore[index]

From f93326388c09dd892e9d11a9e5d3ec447cd56cfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 15:25:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/26] address comments

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py                     | 20 +++++++---
 tests/nonconfig_workflow.py                   |  5 ++-
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py                 | 37 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../python_workflow_properties.json           | 26 +++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/testing_data/python_workflow_properties.json

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 45ef90767b..2fa579f72d 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class BundleWorkflow(ABC):
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
             loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
-            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            properties will default to loading from "meta". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
             will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
             For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
             For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
@@ -116,8 +116,7 @@ def __init__(
             if not properties_path.is_file():
                 raise ValueError(f"Property file {properties_path} does not exist.")
             if workflow_type is None:
-                workflow_type = "train"
-                logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to 'train' for property file loading.")
+                logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to load meta properties from property file.")
             with open(properties_path) as json_file:
                 try:
                     properties = json.load(json_file)
@@ -249,9 +248,13 @@ def check_properties(self) -> list[str] | None:
 class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     """
     Base class for the pythonic workflow specification in bundle, it can be a training, evaluation or inference workflow.
-    It defines the basic interfaces for the bundle workflow behavior: `initialize`, `run`, `finalize`, etc.
+    It defines the basic interfaces for the bundle workflow behavior: `initialize`, `finalize`, etc.
     This also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow through
     defined `get_<property>` accessor methods or directly defining members of the object.
+    For how to set the properties, users can define the `_set_<property>` methods or directly set the members of the object.
+    The `initialize` method is called to set up the workflow before running. This method sets up internal state and prepares properties.
+    If properties are modified after the workflow has been initialized, `self._is_initialized` is set to `False`. Before running the
+    workflow again, `initialize` should be called to ensure that the workflow is properly set up with the new property values.
 
     Args:
         workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
             loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
-            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            properties will default to loading from "meta". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
             will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
             For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
             For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
@@ -302,12 +305,14 @@ def __init__(
 
         # the rest key-values in the _args are to override config content
         self.parser.update(pairs=override)
+        self._is_initialized: bool = False
 
     def initialize(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         """
         Initialize the bundle workflow before running.
         """
         self._props_vals = {}
+        self._is_initialized = True
 
     def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
         """
@@ -320,6 +325,8 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
             name: the name of target property.
             property: other information for the target property, defined in `TrainProperties` or `InferProperties`.
         """
+        if not self._is_initialized:
+            raise RuntimeError("Please execute 'initialize' before getting any properties.")
         value = None
         if name in self._set_props_vals:
             value = self._set_props_vals[name]
@@ -343,7 +350,7 @@ def _get_property(self, name: str, property: dict) -> Any:
     def _set_property(self, name: str, property: dict, value: Any) -> Any:
         """
         With specified property name and information, set value for the expected property.
-        Stores user-reset initialized objects that should not be re-initialized.
+        Stores user-reset initialized objects that should not be re-initialized and marks the workflow as not initialized.
 
         Args:
             name: the name of target property.
@@ -352,6 +359,7 @@ def _set_property(self, name: str, property: dict, value: Any) -> Any:
 
         """
         self._set_props_vals[name] = value
+        self._is_initialized = False
 
 
 class ConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
diff --git a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
index dd3a921429..fcfc5b2951 100644
--- a/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/nonconfig_workflow.py
@@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.dataflow: dict = {}
 
     def initialize(self):
+        self._props_vals = {}
+        self._is_initialized = True
         self.net = UNet(
             spatial_dims=3,
             in_channels=1,
@@ -214,7 +216,6 @@ def initialize(self):
         )
         self.dataset = Dataset(data=[self.dataflow], transform=preprocessing)
         self.postprocessing = Compose([Activationsd(keys="pred", softmax=True), AsDiscreted(keys="pred", argmax=True)])
-        self.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=self.parser.roi_size, sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0)
 
     def run(self):
         data = self.dataset[0]
@@ -234,4 +235,4 @@ def get_device(self):
         return torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
 
     def get_inferer(self):
-        return self.inferer
+        return SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=self.parser.roi_size, sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0)
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index bfb92f3746..1496c1a23a 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import torch
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow
+from monai.bundle import ConfigWorkflow, create_workflow
 from monai.data import Dataset
 from monai.inferers import SimpleInferer, SlidingWindowInferer
 from monai.networks.nets import UNet
@@ -190,6 +190,41 @@ def test_pythonic_workflow(self):
         self.assertEqual(pred.meta["filename_or_obj"], self.filename2)
         workflow.finalize()
 
+    def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
+        device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        config_file = {"roi_size": (64, 64, 32)}
+        meta_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "metadata.json")
+        property_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "python_workflow_properties.json")
+        import sys
+        sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+        workflow = create_workflow("nonconfig_workflow.PythonicWorkflowImpl", workflow_type="infer", config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file, properties_path=property_path)
+        # Load input data
+        input_loader = LoadImaged(keys="image")
+        workflow.dataflow.update(input_loader({"image": self.filename}))
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.bundle_root, ".")
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.device, device)
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.version, "0.1.0")
+        # check config override correctly
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.inferer.roi_size, (64, 64, 32))
+        
+        # check set property override correctly
+        workflow.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=config_file["roi_size"], sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0.5)
+        workflow.initialize()
+        self.assertEqual(workflow.inferer.overlap, 0.5)
+
+        workflow.run()
+        # update input data and run again
+        workflow.dataflow.update(input_loader({"image": self.filename2}))
+        workflow.run()
+        pred = workflow.dataflow["pred"]
+        self.assertEqual(pred.shape[2:], self.expected_shape)
+        self.assertEqual(pred.meta["filename_or_obj"], self.filename2)
+        
+        # test add properties
+        workflow.add_property(name="net", required=True, desc="network for the training.")
+        self.assertIn("net", workflow.properties)
+        workflow.finalize()
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/testing_data/python_workflow_properties.json b/tests/testing_data/python_workflow_properties.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd4295839a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/testing_data/python_workflow_properties.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+    "infer": {
+        "bundle_root": {
+            "description": "root path of the bundle.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "bundle_root"
+        },
+        "device": {
+            "description": "target device to execute the bundle workflow.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "device"
+        },
+        "inferer": {
+            "description": "MONAI Inferer object to execute the model computation in inference.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "inferer"
+        }
+    },
+    "meta": {
+        "version": {
+            "description": "version of the inference configuration.",
+            "required": true,
+            "id": "_meta_::version"
+        }
+    }
+}

From 4724f68b196f3dbc0c6371c8275fa60ec3c3e7c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 07:26:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/26] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 1496c1a23a..cedba9a605 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
         self.assertEqual(workflow.version, "0.1.0")
         # check config override correctly
         self.assertEqual(workflow.inferer.roi_size, (64, 64, 32))
-        
+
         # check set property override correctly
         workflow.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=config_file["roi_size"], sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0.5)
         workflow.initialize()
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
         pred = workflow.dataflow["pred"]
         self.assertEqual(pred.shape[2:], self.expected_shape)
         self.assertEqual(pred.meta["filename_or_obj"], self.filename2)
-        
+
         # test add properties
         workflow.add_property(name="net", required=True, desc="network for the training.")
         self.assertIn("net", workflow.properties)

From 50b1a5094eda2b92dc0c26ad77719c4769ae99a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 15:36:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/26] address comments

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py     | 21 +++++++++++++--------
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py | 14 ++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 2fa579f72d..f9dc881736 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -115,14 +115,18 @@ def __init__(
             properties_path = Path(properties_path)
             if not properties_path.is_file():
                 raise ValueError(f"Property file {properties_path} does not exist.")
-            if workflow_type is None:
-                logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to load meta properties from property file.")
             with open(properties_path) as json_file:
                 try:
                     properties = json.load(json_file)
-                    self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
-                    if "meta" in properties:
-                        self.properties.update(properties["meta"])
+                    self.properties: dict = {}
+                    if workflow_type is not None and workflow_type in properties:
+                        self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
+                    elif workflow_type is None:
+                        if "meta" in properties:
+                            self.properties = properties["meta"]
+                            logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to load meta properties from property file.")
+                        else:
+                            logger.warning("No 'meta' key found in properties while workflow_type is None.")
                 except KeyError as e:
                     raise ValueError(f"{workflow_type} not found in property file {properties_path}") from e
                 except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
@@ -252,9 +256,10 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
     This also provides the interface to get / set public properties to interact with a bundle workflow through
     defined `get_<property>` accessor methods or directly defining members of the object.
     For how to set the properties, users can define the `_set_<property>` methods or directly set the members of the object.
-    The `initialize` method is called to set up the workflow before running. This method sets up internal state and prepares properties.
-    If properties are modified after the workflow has been initialized, `self._is_initialized` is set to `False`. Before running the
-    workflow again, `initialize` should be called to ensure that the workflow is properly set up with the new property values.
+    The `initialize` method is called to set up the workflow before running. This method sets up internal state
+    and prepares properties. If properties are modified after the workflow has been initialized, `self._is_initialized`
+    is set to `False`. Before running the workflow again, `initialize` should be called to ensure that the workflow is
+    properly set up with the new property values.
 
     Args:
         workflow_type: specifies the workflow type: "train" or "training" for a training workflow,
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 1496c1a23a..1f797fbc4c 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+import sys
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 import unittest
@@ -195,9 +196,14 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
         config_file = {"roi_size": (64, 64, 32)}
         meta_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "metadata.json")
         property_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "python_workflow_properties.json")
-        import sys
         sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-        workflow = create_workflow("nonconfig_workflow.PythonicWorkflowImpl", workflow_type="infer", config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file, properties_path=property_path)
+        workflow = create_workflow(
+            "nonconfig_workflow.PythonicWorkflowImpl",
+            workflow_type="infer",
+            config_file=config_file,
+            meta_file=meta_file,
+            properties_path=property_path
+        )
         # Load input data
         input_loader = LoadImaged(keys="image")
         workflow.dataflow.update(input_loader({"image": self.filename}))
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
         self.assertEqual(workflow.version, "0.1.0")
         # check config override correctly
         self.assertEqual(workflow.inferer.roi_size, (64, 64, 32))
-        
+
         # check set property override correctly
         workflow.inferer = SlidingWindowInferer(roi_size=config_file["roi_size"], sw_batch_size=1, overlap=0.5)
         workflow.initialize()
@@ -219,7 +225,7 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
         pred = workflow.dataflow["pred"]
         self.assertEqual(pred.shape[2:], self.expected_shape)
         self.assertEqual(pred.meta["filename_or_obj"], self.filename2)
-        
+
         # test add properties
         workflow.add_property(name="net", required=True, desc="network for the training.")
         self.assertIn("net", workflow.properties)

From 150a60ad53304d318bfecc34a34a11fcb797706b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 15:46:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/26] address comments

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py     | 2 ++
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index f9dc881736..63c1a3e4d7 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ def __init__(
                     self.properties: dict = {}
                     if workflow_type is not None and workflow_type in properties:
                         self.properties = properties[workflow_type]
+                        if "meta" in properties:
+                            self.properties.update(properties["meta"])
                     elif workflow_type is None:
                         if "meta" in properties:
                             self.properties = properties["meta"]
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 1f797fbc4c..3799b60dac 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -172,7 +172,13 @@ def test_pythonic_workflow(self):
         device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
         config_file = {"roi_size": (64, 64, 32)}
         meta_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "metadata.json")
-        workflow = PythonicWorkflowImpl(workflow_type="infer", config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file)
+        property_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "python_workflow_properties.json")
+        workflow = PythonicWorkflowImpl(
+            workflow_type="infer",
+            config_file=config_file,
+            meta_file=meta_file,
+            properties_path=property_path
+        )
         workflow.initialize()
         # Load input data
         input_loader = LoadImaged(keys="image")

From c026441f54595bdc901efacb0b5324f7a9fbc314 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 15:59:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/26] fix format

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py     | 4 +++-
 tests/test_bundle_workflow.py | 9 +++------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 63c1a3e4d7..1330bc5dc3 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -126,7 +126,9 @@ def __init__(
                     elif workflow_type is None:
                         if "meta" in properties:
                             self.properties = properties["meta"]
-                            logger.info("No workflow type specified, default to load meta properties from property file.")
+                            logger.info(
+                                "No workflow type specified, default to load meta properties from property file."
+                            )
                         else:
                             logger.warning("No 'meta' key found in properties while workflow_type is None.")
                 except KeyError as e:
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
index 3799b60dac..3888f20ebc 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_workflow.py
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-import sys
 import shutil
+import sys
 import tempfile
 import unittest
 from copy import deepcopy
@@ -174,10 +174,7 @@ def test_pythonic_workflow(self):
         meta_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "metadata.json")
         property_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "testing_data", "python_workflow_properties.json")
         workflow = PythonicWorkflowImpl(
-            workflow_type="infer",
-            config_file=config_file,
-            meta_file=meta_file,
-            properties_path=property_path
+            workflow_type="infer", config_file=config_file, meta_file=meta_file, properties_path=property_path
         )
         workflow.initialize()
         # Load input data
@@ -208,7 +205,7 @@ def test_create_pythonic_workflow(self):
             workflow_type="infer",
             config_file=config_file,
             meta_file=meta_file,
-            properties_path=property_path
+            properties_path=property_path,
         )
         # Load input data
         input_loader = LoadImaged(keys="image")

From ec202e0c75d6008326c055ac8df013405167ad29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 16:57:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/26] update `compute_capabilities_after`

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/utils/module.py           | 6 +++---
 tests/test_bundle_trt_export.py | 2 +-
 tests/test_convert_to_trt.py    | 2 +-
 tests/test_trt_compile.py       | 2 +-
 tests/test_version_after.py     | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/utils/module.py b/monai/utils/module.py
index 1ad001fc87..d3f2ff09f2 100644
--- a/monai/utils/module.py
+++ b/monai/utils/module.py
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ def compute_capabilities_after(major: int, minor: int = 0, current_ver_string: s
         current_ver_string: if None, the current system GPU CUDA compute capability will be used.
 
     Returns:
-        True if the current system GPU CUDA compute capability is greater than the specified version.
+        True if the current system GPU CUDA compute capability is greater than or equal to the specified version.
     """
     if current_ver_string is None:
         cuda_available = torch.cuda.is_available()
@@ -667,11 +667,11 @@ def compute_capabilities_after(major: int, minor: int = 0, current_ver_string: s
 
     ver, has_ver = optional_import("packaging.version", name="parse")
     if has_ver:
-        return ver(".".join((f"{major}", f"{minor}"))) < ver(f"{current_ver_string}")  # type: ignore
+        return ver(".".join((f"{major}", f"{minor}"))) <= ver(f"{current_ver_string}")  # type: ignore
     parts = f"{current_ver_string}".split("+", 1)[0].split(".", 2)
     while len(parts) < 2:
         parts += ["0"]
     c_major, c_minor = parts[:2]
     c_mn = int(c_major), int(c_minor)
     mn = int(major), int(minor)
-    return c_mn >= mn
+    return c_mn > mn
diff --git a/tests/test_bundle_trt_export.py b/tests/test_bundle_trt_export.py
index 835c8e5c1d..27e1ee97a8 100644
--- a/tests/test_bundle_trt_export.py
+++ b/tests/test_bundle_trt_export.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 @skip_if_windows
 @skip_if_no_cuda
 @skip_if_quick
-@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 0))
+@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 5))
 class TestTRTExport(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_convert_to_trt.py b/tests/test_convert_to_trt.py
index 712d887c3b..a7b1edec3c 100644
--- a/tests/test_convert_to_trt.py
+++ b/tests/test_convert_to_trt.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 @skip_if_windows
 @skip_if_no_cuda
 @skip_if_quick
-@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 0))
+@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 5))
 class TestConvertToTRT(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_trt_compile.py b/tests/test_trt_compile.py
index e1323c201f..f7779fec9b 100644
--- a/tests/test_trt_compile.py
+++ b/tests/test_trt_compile.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def forward(self, x: list[torch.Tensor], y: torch.Tensor, z: torch.Tensor, bs: f
 @skip_if_quick
 @unittest.skipUnless(trt_imported, "tensorrt is required")
 @unittest.skipUnless(polygraphy_imported, "polygraphy is required")
-@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 0))
+@SkipIfBeforeComputeCapabilityVersion((7, 5))
 class TestTRTCompile(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_version_after.py b/tests/test_version_after.py
index 34a5054974..b6cb741382 100644
--- a/tests/test_version_after.py
+++ b/tests/test_version_after.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 TEST_CASES_SM = [
     # (major, minor, sm, expected)
-    (6, 1, "6.1", False),
+    (6, 1, "6.1", True),
     (6, 1, "6.0", False),
     (6, 0, "8.6", True),
     (7, 0, "8", True),

From 42d5d0be8f8ff0157b1e3363e76918b6c0e1c8c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 14:34:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/26] fix docstring

Signed-off-by: YunLiu <55491388+KumoLiu@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 monai/bundle/workflows.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/monai/bundle/workflows.py b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
index 78cad0bf1f..75cf7b0b09 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/workflows.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/workflows.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class BundleWorkflow(ABC):
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
             loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
-            properties will default to loading from "meta". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            properties will default to loading from "meta". If `properties_path` is None, default properties
             will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
             For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
             For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class PythonicWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
             loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
-            properties will default to loading from "meta". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            properties will default to loading from "meta". If `properties_path` is None, default properties
             will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
             For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
             For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ class ConfigWorkflow(BundleWorkflow):
             default to `None` for common workflow.
         properties_path: the path to the JSON file of properties. If `workflow_type` is specified, properties will be
             loaded from the file based on the provided `workflow_type` and meta. If no `workflow_type` is specified,
-            properties will default to loading from "train". If the specified file is unavailable, default properties
+            properties will default to loading from "train". If `properties_path` is None, default properties
             will be sourced from "monai/bundle/properties.py" based on the workflow_type:
             For a training workflow, properties load from `TrainProperties` and `MetaProperties`.
             For a inference workflow, properties load from `InferProperties` and `MetaProperties`.