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34 changes: 20 additions & 14 deletions PlanetoidDB/Resources/terminology_ArgPeri.html
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<title>Argument of perihelion, J2000.0 (degrees)</title>
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<h1>Argument of perihelion, J2000.0 (degrees)</h1>
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<title>Argument of perihelion, J2000.0 (degrees)</title>
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<h1>Argument of perihelion, J2000.0 (degrees)</h1>
<p>The <span class="bold">argument of periapsis</span> (also called <span class="bold">argument of perifocus</span> or <span class="bold">argument of pericenter</span>), symbolized as <<span class="italic">ω</span>, is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body. Parametrically, <span class="italic">ω</span> is the angle from the body's ascending node to its periapsis, measured in the direction of motion.</p>
<p>For specific types of orbits, words such as <span class="bold">perihelion</span> (for heliocentric orbits), <span class="bold">perigee</span> (for geocentric orbits), <span class="bold">periastron</span> (for orbits around stars), and so on may replace the word <span class="bold">periapsis</span>.</p>
<p>An argument of periapsis of 0° means that the orbiting body will be at its closest approach to the central body at the same moment that it crosses the plane of reference from South to North. An argument of periapsis of 90° means that the orbiting body will reach periapsis at its northmost distance from the plane of reference.</p>
<p>Adding the argument of periapsis to the longitude of the ascending node gives the longitude of the periapsis. However, especially in discussions of binary stars and exoplanets, the terms "longitude of periapsis" or "longitude of periastron" are often used synonymously with "argument of periapsis".</p>
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31 changes: 17 additions & 14 deletions PlanetoidDB/Resources/terminology_ComputerName.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Computer name</title>
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<h1>Computer name</h1>
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<h1>Computer name</h1>
<p>This is the computer name.</p>
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29 changes: 16 additions & 13 deletions PlanetoidDB/Resources/terminology_DesgnName.html
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<title>Terminology: Readable designation</title>
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<h1>Readable designation</h1>
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<h1>Readable designation</h1>
<p>This is the readable designation.</p>
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73 changes: 59 additions & 14 deletions PlanetoidDB/Resources/terminology_Epoch.html
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<title>Terminology: Epoch (in packed form, .0 TT)</title>
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<h1>Epoch (in packed form, .0 TT)</h1>
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<title>Terminology: Epoch (in packed form, .0 TT)</title>
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<h1>Epoch (in packed form, .0 TT)</h1>
<p>In astronomy, an epoch</span> is a moment in time used as a reference point for some time-varying astronomical quantity, such as the celestial coordinates or elliptical orbital elements of a celestial body, because these are subject to perturbations and vary with time. These time-varying astronomical quantities might include, for example, the mean longitude or mean anomaly of a body, the node of its orbit relative to a reference plane, the direction of the apogee or aphelion of its orbit, or the size of the major axis of its orbit.</p>
<p>The main use of astronomical quantities specified in this way is to calculate other relevant parameters of motion, in order to predict future positions and velocities. The applied tools of the disciplines of celestial mechanics or its subfield orbital mechanics (for predicting orbital paths and positions for bodies in motion under the gravitational effects of other bodies) can be used to generate an ephemeris, a table of values giving the positions and velocities of astronomical objects in the sky at a given time or times.</p>
<p>Astronomical quantities can be specified in any of several ways, for example, as a polynomial function of the time-interval, with an epoch as a temporal point of origin (this is a common current way of using an epoch). Alternatively, the time-varying astronomical quantity can be expressed as a constant, equal to the measure that it had at the epoch, leaving its variation over time to be specified in some other way—for example, by a table, as was common during the 17th and 18th centuries.</p>
<p>The word <span class="italic">epoch</span> was often used in a different way in older astronomical literature, e.g. during the 18th century, in connection with astronomical tables. At that time, it was customary to denote as "epochs", not the standard date and time of origin for time-varying astronomical quantities, but rather the values at that date and time of <span class="bold">those time-varying quantities themselves</span>. In accordance with that alternative historical usage, an expression such as 'correcting the epochs' would refer to the adjustment, usually by a small amount, of the values of the tabulated astronomical quantities applicable to a fixed standard date and time of reference (and not, as might be expected from current usage, to a change from one date and time of reference to a different date and time).</p>
<p>Dates of the form YYYYMMDD may be packed into five characters to conserve space.</p>
<p>The first two digits of the year are packed into a single character in column 1 (I = 18, J = 19, K = 20). Columns 2-3 contain the last two digits of the year. Column 4 contains the month and column 5 contains the day, coded as detailed below:</p>
<table>
<th><td>Month</td><td>Day</td><td>Character<br/>in Col 4 or 5</td></th>
<tr><td>Jan.</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Feb.</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Mar.</td><td>3</td><td>3</td></tr>
<tr><td>Apr.</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr>
<tr><td>May</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr>
<tr><td>June</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr>
<tr><td>July</td><td>7</td><td>7</td></tr>
<tr><td>Aug.</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sept.</td><td>9</td><td>9</td></tr>
<tr><td>Oct.</td><td>10</td><td>A</td></tr>
<tr><td>Nov.</td><td>11</td><td>B</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dec.</td><td>12</td><td>C</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>13</td><td>D</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>14</td><td>E</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>15</td><td>F</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>16</td><td>G</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>17</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>18</td><td>I</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>19</td><td>J</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>20</td><td>K</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>21</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>22</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>23</td><td>N</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>24</td><td>O</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>25</td><td>P</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>26</td><td>Q</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>27</td><td>R</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>28</td><td>S</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>29</td><td>T</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>30</td><td>U</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>31</td><td>V</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Examples:<br/>1996 Jan. 1 = J9611<br/>1996 Jan. 10 = J961A<br/>1996 Sept.30 = J969U<br/>1996 Oct. 1 = J96A1<br/>2001 Oct. 22 = K01AM</p>
<p>This system can be extended to dates with non-integral days. The decimal fraction of the day is simply appended to the five characters defined above.</p>
<p>Examples:<br/>1998 Jan. 18.73 = J981I73<br/>2001 Oct. 22.138303 = K01AM138303</p>
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62 changes: 48 additions & 14 deletions PlanetoidDB/Resources/terminology_Flags.html
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<h1>4-hexdigit flags</h1>
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<title>4-hexdigit flags</title>
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<h1>4-hexdigit flags</h1>
<p>This information has been updated 2014 July 16, for files created after 18:40 UTC on that day. Classification of distant-orbit types will resume after the MPC ingest data from an outside collaborator.</p>
<p>The bottom 6 bits (bits 0 to 5) are used to encode a value representing the orbit type (other values are undefined):</p>
<table>
<th><td>Value</td><td>Object Class</td></th>
<tr><td>1</td><td>Atira</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td>Aten</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>Apollo</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>Amor</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td>Object with q < 1.665 AU</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td>Hungaria</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>Hilda</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td>Jupiter Trojan</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>Distant object</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
<p>Additional information is conveyed by adding in the following bit values:</p>
<table>
<th><td>Bit</td><td>Value</td><td></td></th>
<tr><td>6</td><td>64</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td>128</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>256</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td>512</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>1024</td><td>Unused or internal MPC use only</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>2048</td><td>Object is NEO</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>4096</td><td>Object is 1-km (or larger) NEO</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>8192</td><td>1-opposition object seen at earlier opposition</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>16384</td><td>Critical list numbered object</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>32768</td><td>Object is PHA</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Note that the orbit classification is based on cuts in osculating element space and is not 100% reliable.</p>
<p>Note also that certain of the flags are for internal MPC use and are not documented.</p>
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