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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<channel>
<title>LS-Shandong 的博客</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/</link>
<description>LS-Shandong 的博客</description>
<generator>Hugo 0.136.5 & FixIt v0.3.13</generator>
<language>zh-CN</language>
<lastBuildDate>Sat, 26 Oct 2024 15:07:09 +0800</lastBuildDate>
<atom:link href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
<item>
<title>百听不厌</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-10-26-1/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 26 Oct 2024 15:07:09 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-10-26-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2/">戏曲</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>麒派就是这样。</p>
<p>周信芳先生的代表剧目有《打渔杀家》《打严嵩》《四进士》《投军别窑》《乌龙院》《萧何月下追韩信》《徐策跑城》《清风亭》《明末遗恨》《义责王魁》《海瑞上疏》等。</p>
<p>这里选了两个著名的唱段：</p>
<p>-《徐策跑城·湛湛青天不可欺》（2:40 开始唱）
<div class="bilibili">
 <iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid=BV12u41127Sh&page=1&autoplay=false&poster=true&muted=false&danmaku=true&t=0" border="0" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
</div></p>
<p>-《萧何月下追韩信·我主爷起义在芒砀》（音配像）
<div class="bilibili">
 <iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid=BV1kb4y117u5&page=1&autoplay=false&poster=true&muted=false&danmaku=true&t=0" border="0" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
</div></p>
<p>听过麒派的《四郎探母》吗？</p>
<div class="bilibili">
 <iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid=BV1gN4y167xP&page=1&autoplay=false&poster=true&muted=false&danmaku=true&t=0" border="0" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
</div>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>使用 Timeshift 备份系统</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-9-28-1/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 28 Sep 2024 13:52:41 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-9-28-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>BTRFS 是一种现代的写时复制（COW）Linux 文件系统，Timeshift 可帮助定期创建文件系统的增量快照。</p>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>摘自 Arch Linux 中文维基：</p>
<p><em>Timeshift</em> 可帮助定期创建文件系统的增量快照，然后在以后恢复到这些快照，以撤销对系统的所有更改。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>本文主要介绍 Timeshift 在 Arch Linux 上的配置（使用 Btrfs 文件系统的快照功能），仅供参考。</p>
<h2 id="需要安装的软件包" class="heading-element"><span>需要安装的软件包</span>
 <a href="#%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e7%9a%84%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e5%8c%85" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>安装 <code>Timeshift</code> 软件包以获得 <em>Timeshift</em> 本体。</p>
<p>可选：安装 <code>grub-btrfs</code> 软件包以在每次生成 GRUB 配置时向 GRUB 菜单添加快照。</p>
<p>安装 <code>btrfs-progs</code> 以获得 Btrfs 分区基础操作所必须的工具。</p>
<h2 id="timeshift-配置" class="heading-element"><span>Timeshift 配置</span>
 <a href="#timeshift-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><h3 id="需要的分区配置" class="heading-element"><span>需要的分区配置</span>
 <a href="#%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p><em>Timeshift</em> 需要驱动器 <em>/</em> 目录和 <em>/home</em> 目录分别使用 <em>@</em> 和 <em>@home</em> 子卷布局配置。</p>
<p>所以我安装 Arch Linux 的时候是像这样分区的[仅针对根分区(/dev/sda6)]：</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 格式化并挂载分区</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda6
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda6 /mnt
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 创建普通的子卷</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@log
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@pkg
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 创建 swap 子卷及 swap 文件</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs subvolume create /mnt/swap
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">btrfs filesystem mkswapfile --size 8g --uuid clear /mnt/swap/swapfile
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 启用 swap 文件</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">swapon /mnt/swap/swapfile
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 卸载分区</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">umount /dev/sda6
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 挂载分区(noatime、discard=async 与 compress=zstd 是可选的)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda6 /mnt -o <span class="nv">subvol</span><span class="o">=</span>@,noatime,discard<span class="o">=</span>async,compress<span class="o">=</span>zstd
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 新建目录</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir /mnt/home
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir -p /mnt/var/log
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir -p /mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 挂载子卷(noatime、discard=async 与 compress=zstd 是可选的)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">## 挂载 /home 目录</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/home -o <span class="nv">subvol</span><span class="o">=</span>@home,noatime,discard<span class="o">=</span>async,compress<span class="o">=</span>zstd
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">## 挂载 /var/log 目录</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/var/log -o <span class="nv">subvol</span><span class="o">=</span>@log,noatime,discard<span class="o">=</span>async,compress<span class="o">=</span>zstd
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">## 挂载 /var/cache/pacman/pkg 目录</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg -o <span class="nv">subvol</span><span class="o">=</span>@pkg,noatime,discard<span class="o">=</span>async,compress<span class="o">=</span>zstd
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 因为我不希望 /var/log 和 /var/cache/pacman/pkg 在将来被保存快照，所以选择为这两个目录禁用写时复制：</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">chattr +C /mnt/var/log
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">chattr +C /mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"># 生成 fstab 文件</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">genfstab -U /mnt &gt;&gt; /mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="软件配置" class="heading-element"><span>软件配置</span>
 <a href="#%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>按照向导设置，记得要启用 cronie 服务：</p>
<pre><code># systemctl enable cronie.service --now
</code></pre>
<p><code>grub-btrfs</code> 软件包附带 <code>grub-btrfsd.service</code>，启用后可在创建新快照时自动更新 GRUB 配置。</p>
<p>要使 <code>grub-btrfsd</code> 与 <code>Timeshift</code> 一起工作，请运行以下命令编辑服务：</p>
<pre><code># systemctl edit --full grub-btrfsd
</code></pre>
<p>并将 <code>grub-btrfsd --syslog /.snapshots</code> 替换为 <code>grub-btrfsd --syslog -t</code>。 这样 grub-btrfs 就会监视 Timeshift 创建的快照。</p>
<h2 id="timeshift-的-man-手册页翻译" class="heading-element"><span>Timeshift 的 man 手册页翻译</span>
 <a href="#timeshift-%e7%9a%84-man-%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c%e9%a1%b5%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>还没有开始……</p>
<hr>
<p>本文写得匆忙，有疏漏之处请指出。</p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>在 Wayland 环境下运行 Godot Engine</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-9-08/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 08 Sep 2024 22:44:19 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-9-08/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/">软件</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>在 Wayland 环境下运行 Godot Engine。</p>
<p>如题，我要在 Wayland 环境下运行官方仓库里的 Godot Engine。</p>
<p>方法如下：</p>
<p>复制 <code>/usr/share/applications/org.godotengine.Godot.desktop</code> 至 <code>$XDG_DATA_HOME/applications/</code>（例如 <code>~/.local/share/applications/</code>），文件内容如下：</p>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">[Desktop Entry]
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Name=Godot Engine
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GenericName=Libre game engine
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GenericName[el]=Ελεύθερη μηχανή παιχνιδιού
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GenericName[fr]=Moteur de jeu libre
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GenericName[nl]=Libre game-engine
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GenericName[zh_CN]=自由的游戏引擎
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Comment=Multi-platform 2D and 3D game engine with a feature-rich editor
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Comment[el]=2D και 3D μηχανή παιχνιδιού πολλαπλών πλατφορμών με επεξεργαστή πλούσιο σε χαρακτηριστικά
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Comment[fr]=Moteur de jeu 2D et 3D multiplateforme avec un éditeur riche en fonctionnalités
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Comment[nl]=Multi-platform 2D- en 3d-game-engine met een veelzijdige editor
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Comment[zh_CN]=多平台 2D 和 3D 游戏引擎，带有功能丰富的编辑器
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Exec=godot %f
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Icon=godot
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Terminal=false
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">PrefersNonDefaultGPU=true
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Type=Application
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">MimeType=application/x-godot-project;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Categories=Development;IDE;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">StartupWMClass=Godot</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>编辑如下一行：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">...
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Exec=godot --display-driver wayland %f
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">...</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>此方法仅适用于最新版本的 Godot Engine。</p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>LaTeX 入门之软件安装</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-26-1/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Aug 2024 11:46:40 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-26-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/">软件</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>我新建了一个合集“$\LaTeX$ 入门”，主要记录我入门 $\LaTeX$ 的过程。本文主要记录使用 $\LaTeX$ 所需的软件的安装。本文在实际上代替了<a href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-17-1/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">这篇文章的作用</a></p>
<h2 id="需要知道的信息" class="heading-element"><span>需要知道的信息</span>
 <a href="#%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%84%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>$\LaTeX$ 是一款流行的的排版系统，它基于 $\TeX$。要想使用 $\LaTeX$，我们需要一个 $\TeX$ 发行版和一个 $\TeX$ 编辑器。我选择了 $\TeX$ Live 发行版和 Kile 编辑器。</p>
<p><a href="https://www.tug.org/texlive/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">$\TeX$ Live</a> 是一款流行的 $\TeX$ 发行版，它以年份作为发行版的版本号,保持一年一更的频率。一个 $\TeX$ 发行版是 $\TeX$ 排版引擎、支持排版的文件(基本格式、$\LaTeX$ 宏包、字体等)以
及一些辅助工具的集合。</p>
<p><a href="https://apps.kde.org/zh-cn/kile/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Kile</a> 是一款由 <a href="https://kde.org/zh-cn/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">KDE</a> 开发的 $\TeX$/$\LaTeX$ 编辑器。<a href="https://kile.sourceforge.io"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Kile 官网</a>。</p>
<h2 id="安装" class="heading-element"><span>安装</span>
 <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><h3 id="安装-tex-live" class="heading-element"><span>安装 $\TeX$ Live</span>
 <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85-tex-live" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>在 <a href="https://archlinux.org"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Arch Linux</a> 安装 TeX Live 相当容易。有两种方法来安装 $\TeX$ Live。目前仅记录其中一种。</p>
<h4 id="安装官方仓库里打包的-tex-live" class="heading-element"><span>安装官方仓库里打包的 $\TeX$ Live。</span>
 <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e5%ae%98%e6%96%b9%e4%bb%93%e5%ba%93%e9%87%8c%e6%89%93%e5%8c%85%e7%9a%84-tex-live" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h4><p>通过此方法安装 $\TeX$ Live 的好处是安装完成后开箱即用，无需设置环境变量。
<a href="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/texlive/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">texlive</a> 包组包含大多数 $\TeX$ Live 包，根据上游集合进行分类。</p>
<p><a href="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/texlive-lang/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">texlive-lang</a> 包组包含为具有非拉丁字符的语言提供字符集和功能的包。一般来说，我们中国大陆的人安装 <a href="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/texlive-langchinese/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">texlive-langchinese</a> 即可。</p>
<p>所以我们通过运行一条命令来安装 $\TeX$ Live：</p>
<p><code># pacman -S texlive texlive-langchinese</code></p>
<div class="details admonition tip open">
 <div class="details-summary admonition-title"><i class="icon fa-fw fa-regular fa-lightbulb" aria-hidden="true"></i>提示<i class="details-icon fa-solid fa-angle-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>
 <div class="details-content">
 <div class="admonition-content">如果你缺少特定的 <em>.sty</em> 文件，你可以运行 <code>pacman -F</code> 来找到提供它们的 Arch 包。</div>
 </div>
</div>
<h3 id="安装-kile" class="heading-element"><span>安装 Kile</span>
 <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85-kile" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>运行以下命令以安装<a href="https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/kile/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">官方仓库</a>里的 Kile：</p>
<p><code># pacman -S kile</code></p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>Linux 启动时报错</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-24-1/</link>
<pubDate>Sat, 24 Aug 2024 13:55:31 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-24-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6/">硬件</category>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>每次开机时都会报一堆错误，却不影响系统使用。</p>
<p>运行： <code># journalctl -p err..alert</code> 得到结果是这样的（有删减）：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
</span><span class="lnt"> 7
</span><span class="lnt"> 8
</span><span class="lnt"> 9
</span><span class="lnt">10
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 262128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class&gt;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 262128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 32766, async page read
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 4096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 4096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 512, async page read
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 260080 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class&gt;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">I/O error, dev sr1, sector 260080 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 32510, async page read
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 512, async page read</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>看报错好像是光盘驱动器坏了。我确实有一个光盘驱动器，但是它是正常的，而且，关键的是，我的光盘驱动器是 <em>/dev/sr0</em> 而不是 <em>/dev/sr1</em>。</p>
<p>运行 <code>ls /dev/</code> 发现 <em>/dev/</em> 目录下只有 <em>/dev/sr0</em>。</p>
<p>运行 <code>udevadm info /dev/sr1</code> ，得到 <code>Unknown device &quot;/dev/sr1&quot;: No such device</code>。</p>
<p>在 Arch Linux CN 的聊天群问了问，明白这是怎么回事了。</p>
<p>有些无线网卡厂家，为了实现“免驱”效果，会把网卡模拟成一个光驱，然后把驱动程序放入模拟光驱中，再放个 autorun 文件，网卡就会在首次插入 <em>Windows</em> 电脑时自动安装驱动程序。</p>
<p>然而它不会自动安装 Linux 驱动程序。在 Linux 上，驱动程序可作为内核模块（Module）使用。虽然 Linux 内核里包含了我的网卡的驱动程序，但是由于网卡还是会被识别为一个光驱，我们需要用软件 usb_modeswitch 来把它切换成 Wifi 模式。这便是我以前写的一篇文章<a href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-15-1/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">《在 Linux 上使用无线网卡（网卡基于 RTL8188GU 芯片）》</a>的主要内容。</p>
<p>显然,这个 <em>/dev/sr1</em> 就是我的网卡。奇怪的是 /dev/sr0 和 /dev/sr1 都会启动时报 I/O 错误，仍未解决。</p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>给 tree 命令加上彩色输出</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-22-2/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2024 15:32:34 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-22-2/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/">软件</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>给 tree 命令加上彩色输出。</p>
<p>默认安装的 Arch Linux 的 <em>ls</em> 命令是默认彩色输出的，而 <em>tree</em> 软件包提供的 tree 命令默认没有彩色输出。<em>ls</em> 有彩色输出是因为 Arch Linux 默认把 <em>ls</em> 设置为了 <code>ls --color=auto</code> 的别名，那么我们也采用这种方式。</p>
<p>打开 <strong>~/.bashrc</strong> ，插入以下一行：</p>
<p><code>alias tree='tree -C'</code></p>
<p>然后注销再重新登录，此时再执行 tree 命令，就是彩色输出了。</p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>中文自由或开源游戏维基</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-22-1/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2024 14:23:19 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-22-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/">翻译</category>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/linux/">Linux</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>Libregamewiki 的中文翻译工作开始了。</p>
<p>我从今年早些时候就提出要翻译 <a href="https://libregamewiki.org/Libregamewiki:Community_portal#Can_I_create_translation_pages_for_existing_articles_on_this_wiki?"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Libregamewiki</a>了（虽然这和 Arch Linux 中文维基<em>游戏列表</em>界面有点重复）,可是 Libregamewiki 的社区一直不回复,那我就自己做好了。可是我又没有一个适合托管 wiki 的服务器。就想到了<a href="https://readthedocs.com/"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Read the Docs</a>（虽然它不是专门用来写 wiki 的），现在已经<a href="https://chinese-libre-game-wiki.readthedocs.io"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">部署上去了</a>。</p>
<p>但是它现在仍然处于“毛坯”的状态，有兴趣做翻译工作的可以去 <a href="https://github.com/LS-Shandong/Chinese-libre-game-wiki"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Github</a> 提 Issues 或在本页下方评论。而且，我不会把工作重心转移至这上面来。</p>
<div class="details admonition tip open">
 <div class="details-summary admonition-title"><i class="icon fa-fw fa-regular fa-lightbulb" aria-hidden="true"></i>提示<i class="details-icon fa-solid fa-angle-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>
 <div class="details-content">
 <div class="admonition-content">如果坚持不下去，我就会放弃这个项目。</div>
 </div>
</div>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>对 TTF 字体进行压缩与转换</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-20-1/</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Aug 2024 14:36:32 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-20-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/">软件</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>在 HTML 网页里引用中文字体时，发现字体过大，导致加载得很慢。本文介绍了压缩与转换 ttf 字体的方法</p>
<p>我在网络上查找了资料，基本上都说可以通过工具删去字体中不需要的部分，以达到压缩 ttf 字体的目的。</p>
<h2 id="安装-font-spider" class="heading-element"><span>安装 font-spider</span>
 <a href="#%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85-font-spider" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>需要先安装 Node.js 和 npm（或 yarn），它们的安装和配置以后再说。</p>
<p>运行：</p>
<p><code># yarn global add font-spider</code></p>
<h2 id="压缩字体" class="heading-element"><span>压缩字体</span>
 <a href="#%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9%e5%ad%97%e4%bd%93" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><h3 id="准备工作" class="heading-element"><span>准备工作</span>
 <a href="#%e5%87%86%e5%a4%87%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>新建一个 HTML 文件，自定义要保留的字符，如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
</span><span class="lnt"> 2
</span><span class="lnt"> 3
</span><span class="lnt"> 4
</span><span class="lnt"> 5
</span><span class="lnt"> 6
</span><span class="lnt"> 7
</span><span class="lnt"> 8
</span><span class="lnt"> 9
</span><span class="lnt">10
</span><span class="lnt">11
</span><span class="lnt">12
</span><span class="lnt">13
</span><span class="lnt">14
</span><span class="lnt">15
</span><span class="lnt">16
</span><span class="lnt">17
</span><span class="lnt">18
</span><span class="lnt">19
</span><span class="lnt">20
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-HTML" data-lang="HTML"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;utf-8&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;viewport&#34;</span> <span class="na">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;width=device-width, initial-scale=1&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">style</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;text/css&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">@</span><span class="k">font-face</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nt">font-family</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nt">字体名称</span><span class="o">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nt">src</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nt">url</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;文件URL&#39;</span><span class="o">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nt">body</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">font-family</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="err">字体名称</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">style</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> 在这里写要保留的文字。可以直接把《义务教育语文课程常用字表》复制进来。
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg?size=large" data-thumbnail="/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg?size=small" data-sub-html="<h2>文件内容示例</h2><p>文件内容示例</p>"><img loading="lazy" src="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg" alt="文件内容示例" srcset="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg?size=small, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg?size=medium 1.5x, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-1.jpg?size=large 2x" data-title="文件内容示例" style="--width: 1426px;--aspect-ratio: 1426 / 846;background: url(/images/loading.min.svg) no-repeat center;" onload="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}this.dataset.lazyloaded='';" onerror="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}"/></a><figcaption class="image-caption">文件内容示例</figcaption>
 </figure></p>
<h3 id="压缩字体-1" class="heading-element"><span>压缩字体</span>
 <a href="#%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9%e5%ad%97%e4%bd%93-1" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>假设你编写的 HTML 文件叫作 <em>index.html</em>，运行：</p>
<p><code>$ font-spider index.html</code></p>
<p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg?size=large" data-thumbnail="/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg?size=small" data-sub-html="<h2>运行结果示例</h2><p>运行结果示例</p>"><img loading="lazy" src="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg" alt="运行结果示例" srcset="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg?size=small, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg?size=medium 1.5x, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-2.jpg?size=large 2x" data-title="运行结果示例" style="--width: 1912px;--aspect-ratio: 1912 / 612;background: url(/images/loading.min.svg) no-repeat center;" onload="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}this.dataset.lazyloaded='';" onerror="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}"/></a><figcaption class="image-caption">运行结果示例</figcaption>
 </figure></p>
<p>这样就把 32570.002 KB 大小的字体文件压缩到 3383.312 KB 了。</p>
<p>执行完后，它会把原来的字体文件移动到 .font-spider 文件夹,而原来的字体文件会被替换为压缩后的字体文件。如果有要补充的字符，把要补充的字符继续添加到 HTML 文件中，执行 <code>font-spider index.html</code> 即可。</p>
<h2 id="转换字体" class="heading-element"><span>转换字体</span>
 <a href="#%e8%bd%ac%e6%8d%a2%e5%ad%97%e4%bd%93" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>3 MB 多加载起来还是有点慢，我们可以把它转换成 woff2 格式。</p>
<p>在 Arch Linux 上，将 ttf 文件转换为 woff2 文件，需要安装软件包 <em>woff2</em>：</p>
<p><code># pacman -S woff2</code></p>
<p>然后在字体所在目录，执行：</p>
<p><code>$ woff2_compress 要转换的字体文件的名称</code></p>
<p><figure><a class="lightgallery" href="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png?size=large" data-thumbnail="/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png?size=small" data-sub-html="<h2>运行结果示例</h2><p>运行结果示例</p>"><img loading="lazy" src="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png" alt="运行结果示例" srcset="https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png?size=small, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png?size=medium 1.5x, https://ls-shandong.github.io/images/blogs/2024-8-20-1/2024-8-20-1-3.png?size=large 2x" data-title="运行结果示例" style="--width: 577px;--aspect-ratio: 577 / 66;background: url(/images/loading.min.svg) no-repeat center;" onload="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}this.dataset.lazyloaded='';" onerror="this.title=this.dataset.title;for(const i of ['style', 'data-title','onerror','onload']){this.removeAttribute(i);}"/></a><figcaption class="image-caption">运行结果示例</figcaption>
 </figure></p>
<p>当前目录就会出现一个转换后的 woff2 文件,1.9 MB。</p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>如何将 MIDI 音乐文件转换为 MP3 文件并压缩？</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-19-1/</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Aug 2024 14:48:00 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/posts/2024-8-19-1/</guid>
<category domain="https://ls-shandong.github.io/categories/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90/">音乐</category>
<description><![CDATA[<p>MIDI 曾经非常流行。在专业音乐创作/编曲中，它仍然起着至关重要的作用。本文主要介绍将 MIDI（.mid）文件转换为 MP3 文件的方法。</p>
<p>本文全部操作均在 Arch Linux 环境下。</p>
<h2 id="需要的软件包" class="heading-element"><span>需要的软件包</span>
 <a href="#%e9%9c%80%e8%a6%81%e7%9a%84%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e5%8c%85" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>要转换 MIDI（.mid）文件，我们需要：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>一个<strong>常见的</strong>合成器（比如 FluidSynth 或 TiMidity++）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>soundfont（比如 Fluid 或 FreePats）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>软件包 ffmpeg（TiMidity++ 需要） 或 twolame（FluidSynth 需要）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>要压缩 MIDI（.mid）文件，我们需要：</p>
<ul>
<li>ffmpeg</li>
</ul>
<p>上述软件包均存在于官方仓库中。要安装它们，直接运行：</p>
<p><code>pacman -S 软件包名称</code></p>
<h2 id="转换" class="heading-element"><span>转换</span>
 <a href="#%e8%bd%ac%e6%8d%a2" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><h3 id="对于-fluidsynth" class="heading-element"><span>对于 FluidSynth</span>
 <a href="#%e5%af%b9%e4%ba%8e-fluidsynth" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>要将 MIDI（.mid）文件转换为 MP3 文件，运行：</p>
<p><code>$ fluidsynth -l -T raw -F - /usr/share/soundfonts/FluidR3_GM.sf2 input.mid | twolame -b 256 -r - output.mp3</code>
<div class="details admonition tip open">
 <div class="details-summary admonition-title"><i class="icon fa-fw fa-regular fa-lightbulb" aria-hidden="true"></i>提示<i class="details-icon fa-solid fa-angle-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>
 <div class="details-content">
 <div class="admonition-content"><p>将 <em>FluidR3_GM.sf2</em> 替换为您选择的 <em>soundfont</em>，</p>
<p>将 <em>input.mid</em> 替换为要转换的 MIDI 文件，</p>
<p>将 <em>output.mp3</em> 替换为目标 mp3 文件。</p>
</div>
 </div>
</div></p>
<h3 id="对于-timidity" class="heading-element"><span>对于 TiMidity</span>
 <a href="#%e5%af%b9%e4%ba%8e-timidity" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h3><p>要将 MIDI（.mid）文件转换为 MP3 文件，运行：</p>
<p><code>$ timidity input.mid -Ow -o - | ffmpeg -i - -acodec libmp3lame -ab 256k out.mp3</code></p>
<div class="details admonition tip open">
 <div class="details-summary admonition-title"><i class="icon fa-fw fa-regular fa-lightbulb" aria-hidden="true"></i>提示<i class="details-icon fa-solid fa-angle-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>
 <div class="details-content">
 <div class="admonition-content"><p>将 <em>input.mid</em> 替换为要转换的 MIDI 文件，</p>
<p>将 <em>output.mp3</em> 替换为目标 mp3 文件。</p>
</div>
 </div>
</div>
<h2 id="压缩" class="heading-element"><span>压缩</span>
 <a href="#%e5%8e%8b%e7%bc%a9" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>我们在前面转换的时候设置 mp3 文件码率为256kbps，可以通过降低码率来压缩 mp3，运行：</p>
<p><code>$ ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -b:a 128k output.mp3</code></p>
<div class="details admonition tip open">
 <div class="details-summary admonition-title"><i class="icon fa-fw fa-regular fa-lightbulb" aria-hidden="true"></i>提示<i class="details-icon fa-solid fa-angle-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i></div>
 <div class="details-content">
 <div class="admonition-content"><p>将 <em>input.mp3</em> 替换为要压缩的 mp3 文件，</p>
<p>将 <em>output.mp3</em> 替换为目标 mp3 文件。</p>
<p>将 <em>128k</em> 替换为目标码率</p>
</div>
 </div>
</div>
<p>还有其它方法，慢慢补充。</p>
<h2 id="参见" class="heading-element"><span>参见</span>
 <a href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%a7%81" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>1.<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/MIDI"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">MIDI -ArchWiki</a></p>
<p>2.<a href="https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/FluidSynth"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">FluidSynth -Arch Linux 中文维基</a></p>
<p>3.<a href="https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Timidity%2B%2B"target="_blank" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer">Timidity++ -Arch Linux 中文维基</a></p>]]></description>
</item>
<item>
<title>读《报任安书》</title>
<link>https://ls-shandong.github.io/reading/2024-8-18-1/</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 18 Aug 2024 12:52:34 +0800</pubDate>
<guid>https://ls-shandong.github.io/reading/2024-8-18-1/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<p>本文是汉代司马迁《报任安书》全文,过几天会加上《古文辞类篹》的圈点。</p>
<h2 id="正文" class="heading-element"><span>正文</span>
 <a href="#%e6%ad%a3%e6%96%87" class="heading-mark">
 <svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>
 </a>
</h2><p>太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。</p>
<p>少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。</p>
<p>书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。</p>
<p>仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！</p>
<p>且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！</p>
<p>夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一呼劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。</p>
<p>仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。猛虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。
夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。</p>
<p>古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。</p>
<p>仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以著此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！</p>
<p>且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。</p>]]></description>
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