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<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>unimax.run</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
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<div id="game-container">
Expand All @@ -18,47 +19,61 @@ <h2>unimax: cooperative algorithm</h2>
Claude Shannon's 1950 paper
<a href="https://vision.unipv.it/IA1/ProgrammingaComputerforPlayingChess.pdf" target="_blank">
Programming a Computer for Playing Chess</a>
was a seminal work for the field of
Artificial Intelligence, specifically in the area of algorithmic decision-making for
<em>adversarial games</em>. In this paper, Shannon employs the <em>Minimax Algorithm</em>, which takes
as its premise that your opponent will always choose the move that is best for them, and worst for you.
This fundamentally <em>adversarial</em> premise is the same premise that leads to dynamics like
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons#Climate_change"
target="_blank"> tragedies of the commons</a> and
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_arms_race" target="_blank">arms races</a>.
was a seminal work in the field of Artificial Intelligence, specifically in the area of algorithmic
decision-making for <em>adversarial games</em>. In this paper, Shannon employs the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax#Minimax_algorithm_with_alternate_moves" target="_blank">
Minimax Algorithm</a>,
which takes as its premise that your opponent will always choose the move that is best for them,
and worst for you. This fundamentally <em>adversarial</em> premise is the same premise that leads to dynamics like
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" target="_blank">
tragedies of the commons</a>,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arms_race" target="_blank">
arms races</a>,
and
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" target="_blank">
mutually assured destruction</a>.
</p>
<p>
Adversarial Games and the Minimax Algorithm are still taught as foundational concepts
in
Adversarial Games and the Minimax Algorithm are considered foundational concepts in
<!-- Artificial -->
<a href="https://artificial-intelligence-class.org/homeworks/adversarial-search/adversarial-search.html" target="_blank">A</a><a href="https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/2003-04/intelligent-search/minimax.html" target="_blank">r</a><a href="https://cs50.harvard.edu/ai/2024/notes/0/#minimax" target="_blank">t</a><a href="https://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs470/lectures/s2019/06-Game-Playing.pdf" target="_blank">i</a><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-034-artificial-intelligence-fall-2010/resources/lecture-6-search-games-minimax-and-alpha-beta/" target="_blank">f</a><a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15381-s19/lectures/15381_Sp19_Lecture_4_Adversarial_Search.pdf" target="_blank">i</a><a href="https://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/4th-ed/pdfs/newchap06.pdf" target="_blank">c</a><a href="http://courses.cms.caltech.edu/cs154/slides/cs154-04-adversarial-search-annotated.pdf" target="_blank">i</a><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2022/09/13/56590/" target="_blank">a</a><a href="https://pages.mtu.edu/~nilufer/classes/cs4811/2014-spring/lecture-slides/cs4811-ch05-adversarial-search.pdf" target="_blank">l</a>

<!-- Intelligence -->
<a href="https://www.khoury.northeastern.edu/home/camato/5100/adversarial_search.pdf" target="_blank">I</a><a href="https://www.cs.miami.edu/home/visser/csc545-files/AdversSearch.pdf" target="_blank">n</a><a href="https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse573/12sp/lectures/24-games.pdf" target="_blank">t</a><a href="https://people.cs.pitt.edu/~milos/courses/cs1571-Fall03/lectures/Class8.pdf" target="_blank">e</a><a href="https://classes.engr.oregonstate.edu/eecs/spring2019/cs331/slides/AdversarialSearch1.2pp.pdf" target="_blank">l</a><a href="https://courses.cs.vt.edu/cs4804/Fall16/pdfs/5%20Adversarial%20Search.pdf" target="_blank">l</a><a href="https://people.cs.georgetown.edu/~maloof/cosc270.s22/rn+aima3e+minimax.pdf" target="_blank">i</a><a href="https://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~meeden/cs63/f11/russell-norvig-ch5.pdf" target="_blank">g</a><a href="https://courses.cs.duke.edu/spring15/compsci270/slides/270_4.pdf" target="_blank">e</a><a href="https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-my/wp-content/uploads/sites/2495/2019/04/14192744/Lecture.10.10.17.pdf" target="_blank">n</a><a href="https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~devin/cs76/03_chess/chess.html" target="_blank">c</a><a href="https://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~strider/docs/D84_MiniMax.pdf" target="_blank">e</a>
courses at universities around the world.
By teaching this adversarial algorithm to computer science students for decades, have we
been proliferating an adversarial paradigm in our society and in the code that increasingly shapes it?
Many dynamics can be modeled through an adversarial lens.
<a href="https://youtu.be/MacJ4p0vITM" target="_blank">Social media platforms</a>
with advertising-based business models try to maximize user time-on-site, while users try to minimize their own time-on-site.
<a href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/short-sellers-make-billions-as-magnificent-7-ride-into-trouble-tmqhhplgz" target="_blank">Institutional investors</a>
try to asymmetrically to maximize their own returns.
<a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/09/10/questions-and-answers-israeli-militarys-use-digital-tools-gaza" target="_blank">Militaries</a>
are interested in domination, not cooperation.
By teaching the primacy of <em>adversarial algorithms</em> to computer science students for decades,
have we unwittingly been proliferating adversarial worldviews in our society and in the code that
increasingly shapes it? Adversarial paradigms of computation can be found in a number of areas.
<a href="https://youtu.be/MacJ4p0vITM" target="_blank">
Social media platforms</a>
with advertising-based business models try to maximize user time-on-site,
while many users try to minimize their own time-on-site.
<a href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/short-sellers-make-billions-as-magnificent-7-ride-into-trouble-tmqhhplgz" target="_blank">
Institutional investors</a>
try to asymmetrically maximize their returns during bear markets.
<a href="https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/" target="_blank">
Militaries</a>
tend to be interested in domination, not cooperation.
</p>
<p>
The <em>Unimax Algorithm</em> is a cooperative game-playing alternative to the Minimax Algorithm.
The underlying premise of <em>Unimax</em> is that there is only one metric that matters: the collective utility of all players.
The underlying premise of <em>Unimax</em> is that
<a href="https://youtu.be/2uI8972y4rc" target="_blank">
computation should facilitate the collective flourishing of all beings</a>.
In the context of chess, this means that each player is trying to avoid capturing the opponent's pieces
and trying to limit future movement as little as possible. The result is a beautiful, cooperative dance
in which both players move around each other so as to give each other as much space as possible.
and trying to avoid restricting future movement. The result is that this game of combat, capture, and control
is transformed into a beautiful, cooperative dance where each move is a gift of creating space.
</p>
<p>
I invite you to watch this traditionally adversarial game being played under a cooperative, collectively-minded paradigm,
and imagine a world in which the algorithms that shape our society did the same.
I invite you to watch this traditionally adversarial game being played under a paradigm of collective flourishing.
And I invite you to think of traditonally adversarial areas of life, and imagine how different our movements in
the world might look if we approach them from a different perspective.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/Joseph-Willem-Ricci/unimax">source code</a>
<a href="https://github.com/Joseph-Willem-Ricci/unimax">
source code</a>
by
<a href="https://resonance.tools/about">Joseph Willem Ricci</a>
<a href="https://resonance.tools/about">
Joseph Willem Ricci</a>
</p>
</div>
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