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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ECE3SAT</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
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<title>ECE3SAT's Website</title>
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<body>
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<div class="v1-bar" id="myNavbar">
<a class="v1-bar-item v1-button v1-hover-black v1-hide-medium v1-hide-large v1-right" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggleFunction()"
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<a href="#home" class="v1-bar-item v1-button">HOME</a>
<a href="#globalContext" class="v1-bar-item v1-button v1-hide-small"><i class="fa fa-rocket"></i> GLOBAL CONTEXT</a>
<a href="#cubesat" class="v1-bar-item v1-button v1-hide-small"><i class="fa fa-cube"></i> CUBESAT</a>
<a href="#theMission" class="v1-bar-item v1-button v1-hide-small"><i class="fa fa-ravelry"></i> THE MISSION</a>
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<a href="#cubesat" class="v1-bar-item v1-button" onclick="toggleFunction()">CUBESAT</a>
<a href="#theMission" class="v1-bar-item v1-button" onclick="toggleFunction()">THE MISSION</a>
<a href="#projectPhases" class="v1-bar-item v1-button" onclick="toggleFunction()">PROJECT PHASES</a>
<a href="wiki/index.html" class="v1-bar-item v1-button" onclick="toggleFunction()">WIKI</a>
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<body>
<div class="bgimg-1 v1-display-container" id="home">
</div>
<!-- Container (About Section) -->
<div class="v1-content v1-container v1-padding-64" id="globalContext">
<h3 class="v1-center">GLOBAL CONTEXT</h3>
<br><br>
<div class="v1-row">
<div class="v1-col v1-padding-large">
<h4>Education</h4>
<p>Since the beginning of the space race in 1957, the number of objects sent into orbit is continuously
growing, as does the amount of space debris orbiting the Earth. This is becoming a real threat for
operational space missions around the Earth. Space debris can be the result of:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>A collision between two satellites, two debris or a satellite and a debris/meteoroid</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A battery which became unstable and exploded</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fuel leftovers in a satellite or a launcher stage which became unstable and exploded</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A planned destruction</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>An out of control satellite or a launcher stage</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Today, the population of space debris is estimated to be more than 500 000 trackable objects where 20
000 of them are bigger than a tennis ball. In addition, there are millions of pieces too small to
be detected.</p>
<p>The vast majority of space debris is located in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) where most space missions are located
or planned.
<u>Figure 1</u> illustrates the distribution of debris around the Earth in 2013.</p>
<div class="v1-col v1-image v1-center v1-padding-large">
<img src="images/Space_debris_story_video_production_full.png" width="500" height="350" onclick="onClick(this)" class=" v1-image v1-hover-opacity"
alt="ECE3SAT">
<figcaption>Figure 1 : Representation of the distribution of the space debris in LEO in 2013. Source: ESA</figcaption>
</div>
<p>Even with the direct threat to space missions that space debris represents, the real threat comes in
the long-term management of the Earth orbit. Indeed, the Clean Space department of ESA calculated
that the population of debris would keep on growing in an exponential way if the space industry does
not change or if every space activity stops (Figure 2); thus preventing any orbital activity. The
same forecast considered the limitation of debris creation, End of Life (EOL) management, debris
removal and the limitation of orbital objects.</p>
<div class="v1-col v1-image v1-center v1-padding-large">
<img src="images/Why_Space_Debris_Mitigation_is_needed_large.gif" width="500" height="350" onclick="onClick(this)" class=" v1-image v1-hover-opacity"
alt="ECE3SAT">
<figcaption>Figure 2 : Space debris population forecast in 2209 if nothing is done to mitigate them</figcaption>
</div>
<p>One part of the implementation of the space debris mitigation is made through the development of solutions
to give the tools to the new satellites to perform deorbiting maneuvers to either cemetery orbits
where the satellite is passivized (batteries and tanks emptied) or toward Earth to disintegrate upon
re-entry into the atmosphere. Several types of deorbiting systems are currently being developed such
as the aerodynamic sail, chemical engine, and electric/ionic engine.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Second Parallax Image with Portfolio Text -->
<div id="portfolioSeparator" class="bgimg-2 v1-display-container">
<div class="v1-display-middle">
<span class="v1-xxlarge v1-text-white v1-wide">CUBESAT</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Container (cubesat Section) -->
<div class="v1-content v1-container v1-padding-64" id="cubesat">
<h3 class="v1-center">What is a cubesat?</h3>
<br><br>
<div class="v1-row">
<div class="v1-col v1-padding-large">
<div class="v1-col v1-image v1-center v1-padding-large">
<img src="images/429961main_cubesat_1.jpg" width="500" height="350" onclick="onClick(this)" class=" v1-image v1-hover-opacity"
alt="ECE3SAT">
</div>
<p>A CubeSat (1U-class spacecraft) is a nanosatelite satellite for space research that is made up of multiples
of 10x10x11.35 cubic units, with a weight less than 1.33 kilograms. CubeSat are most commonly put
in low Earth orbit by deployers on the International Space Station (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station">ISS</a>),
or launched as secondary payloads on a lunch vehicle. Thus, in 1999 CubeSat specifications were developed
by California Polytechnic State University and Stanford University to help universities worldwide
to perform space science and exploration. The goal is to enable graduate students to be able to design,
build, test and operate in space a spacecraft with capabilities similar to the first spacecraft,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1">Sputnik</a></p>
<h4>Application</h4>
<p>In terms of applications, CubeSats are generally used to demonstrate spacecraft technologies that are
targeted for use in small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to
justify the coast of a larger satellite. In our case, the CubeSat will be used to test a new deorbitation
system. </p>
<h4>Design</h4>
<p>Many CubeSat's specifications have several high-level goals. Miniaturizing satellites does reduce the
cost of development and especially the launching cost. Standard CubeSats are called 1U made up of
10x10x11.35 cm units designed to provide 10x10x10cm of useful volume while weighing no more then
1.33 kilograms. Those are the characteristics of the standard size 1U used in our ECE CubeSat's project.
It is possible to increase the size of a CubeSat by adding units. For example, CubeSat composed of
two units (2U) and 3U CubeSat for 30cm3 availible volume permitting more advanced missions and more
are obtained this way.</p>
<h4>Structure</h4>
<p>Materials used in the structure must feature the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the deployer
to prevent jamming. Specifically, allowed materials are four alluminium alloys: 7075, 6061, 5005
and 5052. Aluminium used on the structure which contracts the P-POD must be anodized to prevent cold
welding, and other materials may be used for structure if a waiver is obtained. Furthermore, further
consideration is put into material selection as not all materials can be used in vacuums. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Third Parallax Image with Portfolio Text -->
<div id="contactSeparator" class="bgimg-3 v1-display-container">
<div class="v1-display-middle">
<span class="v1-xxlarge v1-text-white v1-wide">THE MISSION</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Container (The mission Section) -->
<div class="v1-content v1-container v1-padding-64" id="theMission">
<h3 class="v1-center">THE ECE3SAT PROJECT</h3>
<br><br>
<div class="v1-row">
<div class="v1-col v1-padding-large">
<p>The ECE3SAT project is a student project developed at the french engineer school, <a href="http://www.ece.fr/school-of-engineering/">ECE Paris</a> . The goal of the project is to send a <a href="#cubesat">Cubesat</a> in space to verify a physical
theory permitting a fast deorbiting. The project started in September 2015 after the <a href="http://m.esa.int/ESA">ESA</a> authorization.</p>
<p>The ECE3SAT is composed of five modules named </p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Attitude Determination Control System (<a href="/wiki/adcs/index.html">ADCS</a>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Energy Power Supply (<a href="/wiki/eps/index.html">EPS</a>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>On Board Computer (<a href="/wiki/obc/index.html">OBC</a>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Payload (<a href="/wiki/payload/index.html">PAYLOAD</a>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Telecommunication System (<a href="/wiki/tcs/index.html">TCS</a>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The <a href="#cubesat">Cubesat</a> development is divided in five different phases, 0, A, B, C & D and
E & F. Each phase is supposed to be realized in 1 Year.</p>
<p>The goal of the project is to succeed in the mission, but also to enable students to overcome a physical
theory through the realization of a satellite.</p>
<div class="v1-col v1-image v1-center v1-padding-large">
<img src="images/ece3sat2.png" width="500" height="350" onclick="onClick(this)" class=" v1-image v1-hover-opacity" alt="ECE3SAT">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Third Parallax Image with Portfolio Text -->
<div id="contactSeparator" class="bgimg-4 v1-display-container">
<div class="v1-display-middle">
<span class="v1-xxlarge v1-text-white v1-wide">PROJECT PHASES</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Container (Project phase Section) -->
<div class="v1-content v1-container v1-padding-64" id="projectPhases">
<h3 class="v1-center">The phases</h3>
<br>
<div class="v1-row">
<div class="v1-col v1-padding-large">
<div class="v1-center">
<iframe width="300" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/94MddSwKZFQ" allowfullscreen class=" v1-image "></iframe>
<iframe width="300" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LLoQZBPVrpQ" allowfullscreen class=" v1-image "></iframe>
</div>
<p>A space project needs a big management to be successful. That's why all space projects are divided into
various logical stages, called Phases. Each phase is designed to end with a major milestone in the
development, such as proof of concept, equipment delivery, launch, etc.</p>
<p><b>The text in bold and italics describes the phases specifics for <a href="#cubesat">Cubesats</a>. </b></p>
<p>Typically the phases are: </p>
<h4>Phase 0</h4>
<p>Phase 0 is sometime already ready but in a project like a <a href="#cubesat">Cubesat</a> it needs to
be done. So this includes focusing on the technical aspects of the project, the management plan,
the group project agreement and building partner's interest. </p>
<p><b>The Phase 0 is very important for <a href="#cubesat">Cubesat</a> Projects because everything needs to be thought from scratch. (Done in 2015-2016)</b></p>
<h4>Phase A</h4>
<p>Phase A is a relatively low cost paper exercise, designed to expand the basic idea and confirm that the
project is feasible.</p>
<p>During Phase A, the Principal Investigators (PI) shall define the overall experiment plan. Co-Investigators
(CoIs) may be necessary to avoid experiment duplication, share the work loads, or be responsible
for the development of sub-systems, algorithm's, data interpretation packages etc.</p>
<p><b>Includes: Technical Specifications, Coordination Board, Simple Simulations. (Done in 2016-2017)</b></p>
<h4>Phase B</h4>
<p>The main purpose of Phase B is to convert the conceptual idea into a prototype model upon which further
investigations can be performed to confirm the feasibility of the concept, before going to the expense
of building space qualified hardware. The initial prototype models sometimes referred to as Engineering
Models (EM), can use non-space qualified materials or procedures. They are not constrained by either
weight or size restrictions, but they should prove the functionality of any special components or
materials that would eventually be incorporated into a flight model. Following testing and acceptance
of the hardware or software, the project is ready to move onto the next phase. </p>
<p><b>Includes: Technical Modeling, Designing, Simulations, Low level Feasibility. (In process 2017-2018)</b></p>
<h4>Phase C & D</h4>
<p>Phases C and D are usually combined. The purpose of Phase C & D is to convert the outcome of Phase B
into a fully space qualified model that would be suitable for either space activities on board the
actual flight or as ground equipment or software to control a particular activity.</p>
<p><b>Includes: Technical Specifications, Management Project, Technical Tests & Validations, Partners Financial investments.</b></p>
<h4>Phase E & F</h4>
<p>Phases E & F are associated with the launch campaign and the post launch activities, tests, preparation.</p>
<p><b>Includes: Launch preparation, Ground Relay, Start of launch, Partners implications</b></p>
<h4>Data analysis phase</h4>
<p>The ultimate stage of a project is the analysis of the data to reach a scientific conclusion. Analysis
of data may take place at any stage of the experiment, prior to flight, in-flight and post flight.</p>
<p><b>The interesting part starts ! Will the mission be a success ?</b></p>
<h4>Documents / References</h4>
<p><a href="pdf/PRODEX_USERGUIDE_V7_may2011.pdf"><i class="fa fa-file-archive-o fa-fw v1-hover-text-black v1-xlarge v1-margin-right"></i>PDF from PRODEX explaining Phases</a></p>
<p><a href="pdf/Management_Plan_ECE³SAT_draft.pdf"><i class="fa fa-file-archive-o fa-fw v1-hover-text-black v1-xlarge v1-margin-right"></i>Complete management project architecture developed</a></p>
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<div class="v1-wide">Made by <a href="http://www.valentinlarrieu.fr/" class="v1-hover-text-blue linkNotUnderlined">Valentin Larrieu</a>,
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