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Lectures.org~
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#+SETUPFILE: ./setup.org
#+HUGO_SECTION: slides
#+HUGO_MENU: :menu main :parent Assignments
#+REVEAL_SINGLE_FILE: t
#+REVEAL_ROOT: file:///home/matt/src/reveal.js
#+ORG_LMS_SECTION: lecture
* Test code export
#+BEGIN_SRC xml
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<settlement>Oxford
</settlement>
<repository>Bodleian Library
</repository>
<idno>MS. Add. A. 61
</idno>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>
<quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,
</quote> the
<title>De origine et gestis Regum Angliae
</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
<quote>Cum mecum multa & de multis.
</quote> In Latin.
</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p>
<material>Parchment
</material>: written in more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., I + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured capitals.
</p>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
#+END_SRC
* {{{n}}} Digital Humanities -- An Introduction ({{{ts}}})
:PROPERTIES:
:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 01-intro
:CUSTOM_ID: 01-dh--an-introduction-a964
:END:
** Today
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: today-6959
:END:
- Intro
- A partial history
- Course syllabus
- What is DH?
- Project examples
- A Little Game
*** Introductions
| Me | Historian of Science, Emphasis on "Engaged Teaching" |
| You | Let's discuss |
**** DH: at the fluctuating intersections of the humanities with computing
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: dh-at-the-fluctuating-intersections-of-the-humanities-with-computing
:END:
[[./images/hum-cs-interface.svg]]
#+begin_notes
- note the influences go in two directions!
- what does this tell us exactly?
- not a static definition!
- far enough away from the interface, it is just "humanities" or "computer science"
#+end_notes
** EX: The Book of John Mandeville.
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: british-library-ms.-harley-3954.-the-book-of-john-mandeville.
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twoc"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
2007 Hand-drawn Sketch
[[./images/a-bolintineanu-sketch.jpg]]
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
2019 full-colour online image
https://www.bl.uk/britishlibrary/~/media/bl/global/dl%20shakespeare/shakespeare%20collection%20items/manuscript-of-mandevilles-travels-harley_3954_f42r.jpg
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_notes
Digital archives provide access to material that may be housed far from a scholar's physical location. Ten years ago, I had to travel to the British Library to work with their medieval manuscripts. (Incidentally, I still have the sketches I made of their illumination. In pencil, because you can't take pens into the reading room.) I got to handle a fourteenth-century manuscript, its parchment pages as supple, its illuminations as vivid as the day the book was scribed. I sat in the special collections library for seven hours. I looked at the illuminations; I handled the parchment, noting the differences between hair side and flesh side (parchment is made of animal skin, so you can see which side faced the outside and which faced the inside of the animal). For days, my hands smelled like goat.
Now, I am able to access the images in the manuscript online---anytime, from my office at UofT. I can compare the images to other manuscripts of the Book of John Mandeville. I can study them, annotate them, put them in Powerpoints, and reference them robustly in scholarly arguments.
#+end_notes
** Humanities' Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
[[./images/h-data-types-graphic.png]]
*** Humanities' Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-1
:reveal_extra_attr: class="splitc"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
#+begin_quote
Humanities data has depth in small universes. Our material has the capacity to unfold inwards, as it were, to disclose layer upon layer of insights and connections, within a comparatively tiny amount of data--almost an inverse matryoshka, as it were, where each inner doll is bigger and more complex than the one encasing it.
#+end_quote
#+end_slideblock
# #+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
#+CAPTION: cite:BrokenSpheresmallestdollset2007
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Floral_matryoshka_set_2_smallest_doll_nested.JPG
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
#+CAPTION: cite:Malyutinfirstoriginalmatryoshka2000
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/First_matryoshka_museum_doll_open.jpg
#+end_slideblock
*** Data and "Capta"
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: data-in-medieval-studies
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
| **Data* | given |
| **Capta* | acquired/captured/constructed through interpretation |
[[http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/5/1/000091/000091.html][Johanna Drucker]]
** History
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: history
:END:
[[./images/dh-timeline.png]]
*** Father Roberto Busa, S. J. (1913-2011)
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: father-roberto-busa
:END:
@@html:<div class="paired fragment appear">@@
/Index Thomisticus (1950s -- 1980s; 2005 online)/
- 11 million words of medieval Latin
- 30+ years of editing and analysis
- 8000+ hours of computer processing stacks of punch cards
- 1500 + km of magnetic tape
@@html:</div><div class="paired fragment appear">@@
https://web.archive.org/web/20160910202350if_/http://blog.gale.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/busa1.jpg
@@html:</div>@@
*** Father Busa's Female Punch Card Operators
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: punch-1
:END:
#+ATTR_HTML: :class paired
From Father Busa's archive. CIRCSE Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.in cite:TerrasAdaLovelaceDay2013 Top left: Livia Canestraro.
#+ATTR_HTML: :class paired
https://melissaterras.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/728a0-0028.jpg
*** Father Busa and the /Index Thomisticus/
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: father-busa-and-the-index-thomisticus
:END:
[[./images/index-thom-online.png]]
** DH Today
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: flower-1
:END:
[[./images/dh-flower.png]]
**
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: -ec62
:END:
[[./images/dh-flower-plus.png]]
** DH: Projects
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: dh-projects
:END:
- Digital editing & narratives: making texts and narratives available digitally
- Data visualization: giving visual forms to data
- Digital archives: digital (or digitized) collections of primary documents
- Digital mapping: plotting historical or literary data onto a modern, historical, or imaginary map
- Augmented/virtual reality: using computing to overlay virtual elements onto real landscapes (AR)
- 3D printing: turning a digital model into a real object
- Storytelling & performance: video games, coding as art practice
#+begin_notes
- Digital editing & narratives: making texts and narratives available digitally, allowing readers multimodal ways of accessing a text or a narrative (e.g. viewing transcribed text alongside manuscript of that text; or viewing a project that integrates curated artifacts, digital maps, and recorded interviews)
- Data visualization: giving visual forms to data in order to explore and discern patterns, gain or illustrate insights
- Digital archives: digital (or digitized) collections of primary documents about a place or a community; more broadly, collections of primary documents, e.g. manuscripts, books, letters, photographs, etc.
- Digital mapping: plotting historical or literary data (urban economy, pilgrim routes, artifacts found at different archaeological sites, a character's journey in a book) onto a modern, historical, or imaginary map
- Augmented/virtual reality: using computing to overlay virtual elements onto real landscapes (AR), or using computing tech to simulate an immersive, interactive, three-dimensional virtual environment
- 3D printing: turning a digital model into a real object through additive manufacturing (delicate layering of plastic via 3D printer machine)
- Storytelling & performance: video games, coding as art practice
#+end_notes
** Digital Editions, Archives, Narratives
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: digital-editions-archives-narratives
:END:
*** [[https://www.folger.edu/folger-digital-texts][Folger: Shakespeare Library]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: folger-shakespeare-library
:END:
[[./images/folger.png]]
*** [[http://shelleygodwinarchive.org/][Shelley-Godwin Archive]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: shelley-godwin-archive
:END:
[[./images/shelley-g.png]]
*** [[http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/][The Archimedes Palimpsest]]: Multispectral Imaging
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: the-archimedes-palimpsest-multispectral-imaging
:END:
[[./images/a-palimpset.jpg]]
*** [[http://infiniteulysses.com/][Infinite Ulysses]]: interactive reader's edition by Amanda Visconti
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: infinite-ulysses-interactive-readers-edition-by-amanda-visconti
:END:
[[./images/ulysses.png]]
** Maps, Visualizations, Interpretations
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: maps-visualizations-interpretations
:END:
*** [[http://www.medievalchester.ac.uk/][Mapping Medieval Chester]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: mapping-medieval-chester
:END:
- Goal: making a digital map of medieval Chester by combining post-medieval maps with archaeological and historical evidence
- Digital advantage: interactive, layered, & transparent
[[./images/chester.png]]
*** [[https://ships.lib.virginia.edu/][Mapping Homer's Catalogue of Ships]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: mapping-homers-catalogue-of-ships
:END:
Courtney Evans and Ben Jasnow, with Jenny Strauss Clay and the UVA Scholars' Lab (2013)
Mapping the towns in Homer's Catalogue of Ships to analyze underlying organizing principles for the narration
[[./images/ships.png]]
*** [[https://decima-map.net/][Project DECIMA]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: project-decima
:END:
University of Toronto, History Dept.
Onto a 16th century map of Florence, DECIMA maps census data about Florence's inhabitants, their occupations, wealth, and daily life.
[[./images/decima.png]]
*** [[https://topostext.org/][ToposText]]: Ancient Texts + Maps
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: topostext-ancient-texts-maps
:END:
[[./images/ttext.png]]
*** [[http://www.mappingararat.com/][Mapping Ararat]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: mapping-ararat
:END:
[[./images/ararat.png]]
*** About that Land Acknowledgment
- History of Life on this shore
- Dish with One Spoon
- Continuity and Disjuncture
#+begin_paired
[[/home/matt/wdw235/images/dish-spoon-territory.png]]
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
https://www.indiantime.net/home/cms_data/dfault/photos/stories/id/1/0/7510/.TEMP/s_topTEMP425x425-8032.jpeg
#+end_paired
#+begin_notes
We would like to acknowledge this sacred land on which the University of Toronto operates. It has been a site of human activity for 15,000 years. This land is the territory of the Huron-Wendat and Petun First Nations, the Seneca, and most recently, the Mississaugas of the Credit River. The territory was the subject of the Dish with One Spoon Wampum Belt Covenant, an agreement between the Iroquois Confederacy and Confederacy of the Ojibwe and allied nations to peaceably share and care for the resources around the Great Lakes. Today, the meeting place of Toronto is still the home to many Indigenous people from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work in the community, on this territory.
#+end_notes
** Communication
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: communication
:END:
- Scholarly Writings
- Public Engagement
- Social Media
- Teaching & Collaboration
*** Scholarly Books: The Networked Monograph
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: scholarly-books-the-networked-monograph
:END:
@@html:<div class="paired">@@
In addition to printed books, can scholarly monographs expand their forms to “take advantage [...] of the interactive, annotative, and computational affordances of the web"? Donald J. Waters, “Monograph Publishing in the Digital Age" (2016)
Digitally augmented scholarly monographs (e.g. Mellon-funded collaboration between NYU Library and NYU Press
@@html:</div><div class="paired">@@
[[./images/n-monograph.jpg]]
@@html:</div>@@
*** VR/3D Printing for Cultural Heritage Collections: [[http://boxwood.ago.ca/][Small]] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mc4MA8srQDM][Wonders]] (AGO)
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: vr3d-printing-for-cultural-heritage-collections-small-wonders-ago
:END:
- Miniature boxwood carvings from the early 1500s
- Studied and exhibited through digital imaging (micro CAT scanning), VR, and 3D printing
[[./images/small-wonders.jpg]]
*** Research Materials: Medieval Manuscripts and Social Media
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: research-materials-medieval-manuscripts-and-social-media
:END:
#+CAPTION: Cat paws in a fifteenth-century manuscript (photo taken at the Dubrovnik archives by @EmirOFilipovic, disseminated by Eric Kwakkel)
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/A3zuNR6CIAAeHsk.jpg
** Teaching
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: section-7
:END:
*** This Class
[[https://chauceranditaly.library.utoronto.ca/neatline/show/liminal-representation-inferno][Heather Eason: five artists' representations of threshold crossings]] in Dante's /Inferno/. Omeka/Neatline undergraduate student project.
[[./images/inferno.png]]
#+begin_notes
Heather Eason: five artists' representations of threshold crossings in Dante's /Inferno/--the unknown illustrator of the fourteenth-century MS Holkham misc. 48; Priamo della Quercia of the fifteenth-century Yates Thompson MS 36; Gustave Doré; Salvador Dalí; and Dante himself.
#+end_notes
*** Others
Website for [[https://kcc.hackinghistory.ca/][Khangchendzonga Conservation Committee]], written and developed by students from HIS455, /Hacking History/, 2018.
[[/home/matt/wdw235/images/kcc.jpg]]
*** [[https://chauceranditaly.library.utoronto.ca/neatline/show/liminal-representation-inferno][Collaboration & Infrastructures]]
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: collaboration-infrastructures
:END:
[[./images/edgi-wm.png]]
** Course Syllabus
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: course-syllabus
:END:
*** 4 main blocks!
:PROPERTIES:
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twobytwo"
:CUSTOM_ID: syl-blocks
:END:
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*Intro* (~2 weeks)
- Aims:
- understand /scope and nature/ of Digital humanities
- Begin experimenting with DH tools and methos
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*Digital Texts* (2 weeks)
- Aims:
- understand /what happens to text when it goes digital/
- experiment with treating texts as data
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*Endangered Knowledge* (4 weeks, the heart of the course)
- Aims:
- explore DH in the context of banned, censored, and threatened texts
- major project using a scholarly Content Management System
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*Data in the Humanities* (~3 weeks)
- Aims:
- arrive at a humanities-centric conception of data
- become familiar with standard data cleaning and data visualization tools
#+end_slideblock
*** Assignments!
:PROPERTIES:
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twobytwo"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
*3 Short Assignments*
- ~700 words
- engagement with texts and tools we've learned about.
- first 2 handed out togethr, next week
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*Banned Book Project*
- major scaffolded assignment
- consultation, proposal, and exhibit all marked
- Assignment handed out by Oct. 1
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
*And don't forget participation*
- come to all the clases!
- Pay attention
- Do the work!
- Be respectful - to everyone!
#+end_slideblock
** Let's Play a Game!
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: let's-play-a-game-670e
:END:
[[https://twinery.org/2/#!/stories/dbeebaff-c046-41b3-96eb-7a4ca799eef7/play][Navigate here]]
[[https://twinery.org/2/#!/stories/dbeebaff-c046-41b3-96eb-7a4ca799eef7][Let's Look at the code]]
[[https://twinery.org/2/][Now Build Your Own Stories]]
* {{{n}}}: Anatomy of DH Projects {{{ts}}}
:PROPERTIES:
:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 02-anatomy-dh-projects
:END:
** ACTION COMMENT Post-lecture improvements
- what is the point of this lecture?
- intro to some ideas about technology
- designing DH
- introducing some ideas about data
*** Reaction
I found this very scattered. Partly this could be a prep problem, but partly it doeesn't really proceed systematically through the material. There needs to be a more distinct thread, so e.g.:
- strengthen the phil of tech section so that it actually makees a coherent argument. Don't just rely on quotes; give propositions and examples
-
***
** Today
- How do we Think about Technology?
- Very Basic Design Parameters
- Data and Data Models
- Assignment 1
** Why "Anatomy of DH"?
- Design & evaluation of DH projects specifically
- Design & evaluation of projects (digital and otherwise) more generally
- Understanding of knowledge production in digital environments
*** DH pipelines
[[./images/dh-arrow.svg]]
#+begin_notes
#+end_notes
*** Tools & Technologies
:PROPERTIES:
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twoc"
:END:
#+CAPTION:
#+begin_slideblock
https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/tasks_2x.png
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
#+end_slideblock
*** Technology in DH
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
- New or existing? Software ecology?
- Open-source?
- GNU General Public License (GPL): source code for an application is freely available for study & modification– “as long as further developments and applications are put under the same licence
- Widely adopted? By your colleagues/ collaborators?
- User base: humanities? Industry? Institutions?
- Prerequisites:
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
- Data formats
- Tech stack (other software)
- Server space
- Training
*** Choosing a Tool
[[./images/dh-tool-decisions.png]]
*** Affordances
:PROPERTIES:
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twoc"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
#+begin_quote
Affordances of a technology = properties of a technology that enable certain tasks; tasks that users can perform with a technology (e.g. query, search, analysis, visualization)
- [[http://www.oed.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/view/Entry/263548?redirectedFrom=affordance&][OED]], Accessed <2019-05-06 Mon>
#+end_quote
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
#+begin_quote
Digital documents..have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, accessed remotely... But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group of people working together.
- cite:Gladwellsociallifepaper2002 2019-09-12
#+end_quote
#+end_slideblock
** Users, Readers, Communities
*** Technology-in-practice (Wanda Orlikowski)
:PROPERTIES:
:ID: t-i-p-2
:END:
#+begin_quote
The notion of “technology-in-practice" suggests that the technology is not just the machinery, digital or analog, but on the one hand @@html:<span style="color:red;">the organizational or institutional culture around it,@@ and on the other hand, @@html:<span style="color:red;">the needs and practices of its user community@@. Organizational culture and user community create a “behavioural and interpretive template" for the use of a technology.
Technology-in-practice: not only the technology itself, but “the ways it is extended, adapted, used, and misused by a specific user community—whether by ignoring an entire set of functions, or by extending its functionality through plugins or customizations, or by using it for purposes never foreseen by its designers. More briefly, technology-in-practice is “@@html:<span style="color:red;">what people actually do with the technological artifact in their recurrent, situated practices@@."
cite:OrlikowskiUsingTechnologyConstituting2000
#+end_quote
*** Technology-in-practice (DH)
:PROPERTIES:
:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: t-i-p-dh
:END:
DH: technology-in-practice is software and data as used by scholarly communities of practice, within institutional and disciplinary concerns and constraints, in conversation with audiences.
*** Technology-in-practice
:PROPERTIES:
:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: t-i-p-3
:END:
#+RESULTS:
[[file:./images/tech-in-practice2.svg]]
*** Users and Intended Audiences
#+begin_quote
[E]ven doorknobs have politics in that they may be round, requiring a human hand to turn them, or shaped as levers, such that a person with a prosthetic limb or an armload of groceries with one free elbow can still successfully use them. This is more than simply a matter of utility. Both designs are political in that they presume and construct different kinds of worlds, with the round doorknob presuming a world in which everyone’s bodies are the same, and in which hands with opposable thumbs and sufficient grip strength are always available
cite:GaleyHowprototypeargues2010a
#+end_quote
*** What groups of users/readers are invited in? What groups of users/readers are shut out?
Consider:
- [ ] expertise & interest; scholars & laypersons
- [ ] use of e.g. assistive technologies like screen readers, speech recognition, close captioning, etc.
- [ ] level of technical training (or lack of it)
- [ ] limited access to (powerful) computers
- [ ] limited internet bandwidth
- [ ] Tradeoffs & compromises
*** User Experience, Interfaces, & Display
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: user-experience-interfaces-display
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
- UX (user experience) & usability testing
- User stories: descriptions, from a user's perspective, of a tool: who they are, what they want the tool to do, in what order...
** Data
*** Uses of Humanities Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-0
:END:
[[./images/h-data-types-graphic.png]]
*** Classifying Hum Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-0
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twobytwo"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
| Unstructured | A corpus of literary texts |
| Semistructured | TEI-encoded text |
| Structured | Spreadsheet of catalogue entries |
| | GIS data of locations on a map |
- “Big? Smart? Clean? Messy?" (cite:SchochBigSmartClean2013)
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
[[./images/mandeville-cover-page.png]]
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
#+BEGIN_SRC xml
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<settlement>Oxford
</settlement>
<repository>Bodleian Library
</repository>
<idno>MS. Add. A. 61
</idno>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<p>
<quote>Hic incipit Bruitus Anglie,
</quote> the
<title>De origine et gestis Regum Angliae
</title> of Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monumetensis): beg.
<quote>Cum mecum multa & de multis.
</quote> In Latin.
</p>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<p>
<material>Parchment
</material>: written in more than one hand: 7¼ x 5⅜ in., I + 55 leaves, in double columns: with a few coloured capitals.
</p>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
#+END_SRC
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
[[./images/dc-ss-list.png]]
#+end_slideblock
***
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-3
:END:
*** But then, Thinking *Hard* about Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-4
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
- What “counts" cannot necessarily be counted
- Data representation = interpretation:
- The process of modelling and collecting our data is an interpretive process that is shaped by our choices re. what aspects of the data we model; by our research question, argument, perspective, discipline, social context, institutional context, tools available etc.
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
#+begin_quote
“When you call something data, you imply that it exists in discrete, fungible units; that it is computationally tractable; that its meaningful qualities can be enumerated in a finite list; that someone else performing the same operations on the same data will come up with the same results. This is not how humanists think of the material they work with."
cite:MiriamPosnerHumanitiesDataNecessary
#+end_quote
#+end_slideblock
#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear)
#+begin_slideblock
- *Sciences* vs. *humanities*: “assumptions of *knowledge as observer-independent and certain*, rather than *observer co-dependent and interpretative*. [...] To begin, the concept of *data as a given* has to be rethought through a humanistic lens and characterized as *capta, taken and constructed*."
(cite:DruckerHumanitiesApproachesGraphical2011)
#+end_slideblock
*** Humanities Data: Posner
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-posner
:END:
It would be possible to enumerate all of the filmic conventions that recall the conventions of melodrama. Is there a villain? Is there a heroine? Are good and evil depicted in stark, black-and-white terms? You could even build a dataset like this and use it to show how film changed over time.
| Title | Year | Virtuous Heroine | Cruel Villain | Terrible evil | Heroine in peril | Broad gestures |
| The Lonedale Operator | 1911 | x | x | x | x | x |
| Birth of a Nation | 1915 | x | x | x | x | x |
| Get Rick Quick | 1912 | x | | | | x |
But, seriously, who cares? There’s just such a drastic difference between the richness of the actual film and the data we’re able to capture about it.
(cite:MiriamPosnerHumanitiesDataNecessary)
*** Data Universes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: humanities-data-10
:style: page-break-before:always;
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twobytwo"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
#+begin_quote
Humanities data has depth in small universes. Our material has the capacity to unfold inwards, as it were, to disclose layer upon layer of insights and connections, within a comparatively tiny amount of data--almost an inverse matryoshka, as it were, where each inner doll is bigger and more complex than the one encasing it.
#+end_quote
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Floral_matryoshka_set_2_smallest_doll_nested.JPG
BrokenSphere, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3773186
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/First_matryoshka_museum_doll_open.jpg
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
Sergiev Posad Museum of Toys, Russia, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5051554
#+end_slideblock
** Data Models
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: data-models
:END:
- Data model: abstract representation of things or processes
- Data model: choice of virtual entities, relationships, properties/aspects \rarr “toy universe"
- Data model: top row of your spreadsheet
** Metadata
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: metadata
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
- Metadata is structured data describing data. Think Author, Title, Date, Subject in your online library catalogue
- Standard metadata schemas include Dublin Core, MARC, and MODS (each of these schemas has a different set of information it collects).
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
[[./images/hokusai-peonies-dc.png]]
cite:KatsushiakaHokusaiPeoniesButterfly
Individual item metadata includes title, creator, description, source, rights, etc: the elements of the Dublin Core metadata schema.
#+end_slideblock
@@html</div>@@
#+begin_notes
Each record of an archive is described by metadata: structured data about data. For example, think about your library's online catalogue: it contains the records of books, with fields like Author, Title, Publisher, Editor, Date. If you use standard metadata schemas, like Dublin Core, MARC, or MODS, your data will be discoverable and interoperable with aggregators and library catalogues.
#+end_notes
*** Oops! Custom Metadata
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: section-4
:END:
[[./images/dh-custom-md.png]]
(Custom metadata schema: Anglo-Saxon Rural Settlements: Eynsham, from cite:McCormickMichaelDigitalAtlasRoman)
*** Metadata Standards
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: metadata-standards
:END:
https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/standards.png
(cite:MunroeRandallStandards)
*** Vocabulary and Ontology
- *Controlled vocabulary*: set of permitted literal values to describea given entity (e.g. chairs: desk chairs, rolling chairs, step stools, kitchen table chairs); may include categorization
- *Ontology*: making explicit the relationships between values in controlled vocabularies
*** Vocabulary and Ontology
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: section-5
:END:
#+RESULTS:
[[file:./images/chairs.svg]]
*** Controlled Vocabulary
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: controlled-vocabulary
:END:
#+begin_quote
“A controlled vocabulary is an organized arrangement of words and phrases used to catalog content and/or to retrieve content through browsing or searching. It typically includes preferred and variant terms and has a defined scope or describes a specific domain. [...] While capturing the richness of variant terms, controlled vocabularies also promote consistency in preferred terms and the assignment of the same terms to similar content."
cite:HarpringIntroductionControlledVocabularies2010
#+end_quote
[[./images/black-death.png]]
*** Authority Control
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: authority-control
:END:
- The practice of systematizing controlled vocabularies so descriptors of entities are unique, non-overlapping, and consistently used--e.g. having an accepted set of “correct" subject headings
*** James Joyce
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: james-joyce
:END:
[[./images/joyce-vocab.png]]
*** Gazetteers:
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: gazetteers-place-name-dictionaries-maps-atlases-uris
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
- place name dictionaries + maps + atlases + URIs (https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570491)
- for time: (https://perio.do/en/)
** Research Data: Life Cycle
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: research-data-life-cycle
:style: page-break-before:always;
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twoc"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
[[./images/dh-lc2.png]]
- Go back and pick up what you missed
- Revise data model
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
- “Data is always a partial representation of the object of study" (cite:SchochBigSmartClean2013)
- Failure-, incompleteness-, and pessimism-based approaches to data collection, modelling, analysis, and preservation
#+end_slideblock
*** Preservation-Ready Data
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: preservation-ready-data
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
Data: accessible, usable, readable, preservable
- Human-readable and human-editable
- Separable from technical platforms
- Described via metadata standards used in your discipline
- Contextualized in clear documentation
- Housed in non-proprietary, open source standards and technologies
- Saved in, or reducible to, simple formats: .txt, TEI P5, .csv, JSON, .pdf, .jpg, tiff
- Embedded in your disciplinary community
** DH pipelines
[[./images/dh-arrow.svg]]
** Reflection 1: DH Project Profile
[[https://q.utoronto.ca/courses/127426/assignments/221044][Quercus Link]]
** Bibliography
bibliography:/home/matt/DH/digitalhistory.bib
* {{{n}}}: TEI, XML (see TEI assignment!) {{{ts}}}
** Today
** Deformance
- what is it? w
- what was it like to read it?
-
* ACTION {{{n}}}: TEI 2 ({{{ts}}})
CF the Romeo & Juliet Repo & associated announcements.
* {{{n}}}: Endangered Knowledge 1: Omeka and The Final Assignment ({{{ts}}})
:PROPERTIES:
:EXPORT_FILE_NAME: 05-enangered-books-omeka
:END:
** Today
- Assignment Discussion
- Omeka Introduction
** Bur first this! visit to Fisher library
[[https://q.utoronto.ca/calendar?include_contexts=course_127426#view_name=week&view_start=2019-10-06][Sign up here!]]
** Nothing Lasts Forever
#+begin_export html
<iframe width="1200" height="800" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NoAzpa1x7jU?start=135" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
#+end_export
** Medieval Manuscripts
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: medieval-manuscripts
:END:
*** The Exeter Book Riddles
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: the-exeter-book-riddles
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
Old English poetry (10th c. manuscript): Cathedral Library, Exeter MS. 3501.
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
[[./images/book-burn.png]]
#+end_paired
*** Making Parchment
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: making-parchment
:style: page-break-before:always;
:reveal_extra_attr: class="twoc"
:END:
#+begin_slideblock
Parchment = stretched and processed animal skin (goat, sheep, calf, cow)
but see also: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropodermic_bibliopegy][anthropodermic bibliopegy]])
[[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16818][Domestic sheep]]. Public Domain, via Wikipedia
#+end_slideblock
#+begin_slideblock
[[./images/sheep-flock.jpg]]
#+end_slideblock
*** Making Parchment
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: making-parchment-1
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
- Skin is soaked in lime solution to loosen animal hair
- Animal hair removed with curved knife
- Skin wetted and stretched on special rack
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
[[./images/parchment-skin.jpg]]
#+end_paired
*** Writing
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: writing
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
- Rule the parchment (lead point or coloured ink)
- Write with quill (goose or swan feather cut to form a nib) dipped into ink
- Erase mistakes by scraping ink off with knife
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
[[./images/colored-writing.png]]
#+end_paired
*** Illumination
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: illumination
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
- Apply gold leaf
Image: British Library, The Lindisfarne Gospels (London, British Library Cotton MS Nero D.IV), early 8th c.
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
[[./images/illumination-detail.png]]
#+end_paired
*** Writing
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: writing-1
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
British Library, MS. Arundel 43, f. 80v . Donatus writing his Grammar.
- Rule the parchment (lead point or coloured ink)
- Write with quill (goose or swan feather cut to form a nib) dipped into ink
- Erase mistakes by scraping ink off with knife
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired
[[./images/writing-monk-detail.png]]
#+end_paired
*** Medieval Writing Materials
[[./images/ink-origins.png]]
** Early Printed Books
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: early-printed-books
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+ATTR_html: :style max-height:80vh;
[[./images/library.jpg]]
*** “Wicked” Bible. Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library.
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: section-4
:style: page-break-before:always;
:END:
#+begin_paired
[[./images/wicked-detail.png]]
#+end_paired
#+begin_paired